Where We Stand

The Strategic Assessment of the St. Louis Region

The Where We Stand (WWS) series produced by East-West Gateway (EWG) has provided comparisons of the St. Louis region with other large metropolitan areas since 1992. WWS ranks St. Louis among the 50 most populous Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the United States (the peer regions) on a broad range of topics important to the region.

In November of 2018, EWG published the eighth edition of WWS coupled with an expanded webpage. Explore this webpage to find more on where St. Louis stands among its peer metropolitan regions. Email us at wws@ewgateway.org with feedback, questions, or to subscribe to our email list.

Note: Acrobat Reader is required to view many of the files on this page.

Where We Stand 8th Edition

Where We Stand – 8th Edition

The eighth edition focuses on three topic areas that are strategic priorities for EWG and regional partners. In May of 2018, the EWG Board of Directors along with representative from the business and non-profit sectors affirmed that economic development, workforce development, and public safety are three areas that require a regional collaborative effort. The 130 metrics in this edition pertain to these focus areas. An introductory chapter on demographics is also included to provide an overview of the population of St. Louis and the peer regions.

Where We Stand Updates, White Papers, and Technical Reports

EWG staff produces several types of reports that complement the main publication. Where We Stand Updates, White Papers, and Technical Reports are periodically released to update St. Louis’ standing based on new data, provide further insight on a specific topic, or provide more detail on methodologies used in the calculations for Where We Stand reports.

8th Edition Updates
8th Edition White Papers
8th Edition Technical Reports
7th Edition Updates

Where We Stand Data

WWS tables that appear in the eighth edition of WWS as well as tables included in previous editions are grouped here by topic areas. EWG will update these tables on a periodic basis. If you are interested in updated data for a Where We Stand table that you viewed previously, please contact us at wws@ewgateway.org.

Demographics

Shifts in demographics pose challenges to the St. Louis region as well as opportunities. This section provides data on the region’s population change, an aging population, the growing immigrant population, the proportion of the population with disabilities, and the composition of households. See page 1 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

St. Louis has been experiencing slow population growth, but the most recent estimates show a small decline in the MSA population. Both domestic migration and natural change contribute to the decrease. International migration has continued to increase in recent years. St. Louis has a relatively high proportion of adults who have served in the military. See Where We Stand 8th Edition Update 9 for the most recent detailed discussion on the region’s population.

Population
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
United States 333,287,557
1 New York 19,617,869
2 Los Angeles 12,872,322
3 Chicago 9,441,957
4 Dallas 7,943,685
5 Houston 7,340,118
6 Washington, D.C. 6,373,756
7 Philadelphia 6,241,164
8 Atlanta 6,222,106
9 Miami 6,139,340
10 Phoenix 5,015,678
11 Boston 4,900,550
12 Riverside 4,667,558
13 San Francisco 4,579,599
14 Detroit 4,345,761
15 Seattle 4,034,248
16 Minneapolis 3,693,729
17 Tampa 3,290,730
18 San Diego 3,276,208
19 Denver 2,985,871
20 Baltimore 2,835,672
21 St. Louis 2,801,319
22 Orlando 2,764,182
23 Charlotte 2,756,069
24 San Antonio 2,655,342
25 Portland 2,509,489
26 Austin 2,421,115
27 Sacramento 2,416,702
28 Pittsburgh 2,349,172
29 Las Vegas 2,322,985
30 Cincinnati 2,265,051
31 Kansas City 2,209,494
32 Columbus 2,161,511
33 Indianapolis 2,141,779
34 Cleveland 2,063,132
35 Nashville 2,046,828
36 San Jose 1,938,524
37 Virginia Beach 1,806,840
38 Jacksonville 1,675,668
39 Providence 1,673,802
40 Milwaukee 1,559,792
41 Raleigh 1,484,338
42 Oklahoma City 1,459,380
43 Richmond 1,339,182
44 Memphis 1,332,305
45 Louisville 1,284,553
46 Salt Lake City 1,266,191
47 New Orleans 1,246,176
48 Buffalo 1,161,192
49 Birmingham 1,116,857
Population Change
Percent change, 2010-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
1 Austin 40.2
2 Raleigh 30.5
3 Orlando 29.2
4 Dallas 24.3
5 Jacksonville 24.2
6 Nashville 24.0
7 Houston 23.4
8 San Antonio 23.3
9 Charlotte 22.5
10 Phoenix 19.3
11 Las Vegas 19.0
12 Tampa 18.0
13 Atlanta 17.3
14 Seattle 17.0
15 Denver 16.9
16 Oklahoma City 16.0
17 Salt Lake City 16.0
18 Columbus 13.4
19 Indianapolis 13.2
20 Richmond 12.7
21 Portland 12.4
22 Washington, D.C. 12.2
23 Sacramento 12.2
24 Minneapolis 10.6
25 Riverside 10.0
26 Miami 10.0
27 Kansas City 9.7
United States 7.7
28 Boston 7.3
29 Louisville 6.6
30 Cincinnati 5.8
31 San Diego 5.6
32 San Francisco 5.4
33 San Jose 5.3
34 Virginia Beach 5.2
35 Birmingham 5.2
36 Philadelphia 4.5
37 Baltimore 4.4
38 Providence 4.4
39 New Orleans 4.3
40 New York 3.7
41 Buffalo 2.3
42 Detroit 1.3
43 Memphis 1.1
44 St. Louis 0.4
45 Los Angeles 0.3
46 Milwaukee 0.2
47 Chicago -0.3
48 Pittsburgh -0.3
49 Cleveland -0.6
Population Change
Percent change, 2021-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
1 Austin 2.7
2 Orlando 2.4
3 Raleigh 2.3
4 Dallas 2.2
5 Jacksonville 2.1
6 San Antonio 1.9
7 Tampa 1.9
8 Charlotte 1.8
9 Nashville 1.8
10 Houston 1.7
11 Phoenix 1.5
12 Atlanta 1.3
13 Las Vegas 1.2
14 Oklahoma City 1.1
15 Richmond 0.9
16 Columbus 0.7
17 Indianapolis 0.6
18 Miami 0.5
19 Riverside 0.5
20 Seattle 0.4
21 Sacramento 0.4
United States 0.4
22 Kansas City 0.3
23 Denver 0.3
24 Salt Lake City 0.2
25 Cincinnati 0.2
26 Washington, D.C. 0.1
27 Minneapolis 0.1
28 Virginia Beach 0.1
29 San Diego 0.0
30 Louisville 0.0
31 Birmingham -0.0
32 Boston -0.1
33 Providence -0.2
34 Philadelphia -0.2
35 Milwaukee -0.2
36 Memphis -0.2
37 Baltimore -0.3
38 Portland -0.4
39 St. Louis -0.4
40 Buffalo -0.4
41 Detroit -0.5
42 Cleveland -0.5
43 Pittsburgh -0.7
44 San Jose -0.8
45 Los Angeles -0.8
46 New York -0.8
47 San Francisco -0.8
48 Chicago -0.8
49 New Orleans -1.3
Natural Change
Births minus deaths as a percent of 2021 population, 2021-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
1 Salt Lake City 0.6
2 Austin 0.6
3 Houston 0.6
4 Dallas 0.5
5 Raleigh 0.5
6 Washington, D.C. 0.5
7 San Jose 0.4
8 San Diego 0.4
9 Denver 0.3
10 Minneapolis 0.3
11 Seattle 0.3
12 Atlanta 0.3
13 San Antonio 0.3
14 San Francisco 0.3
15 New York 0.3
16 Riverside 0.3
17 Charlotte 0.3
18 Nashville 0.3
19 Columbus 0.2
20 Sacramento 0.2
21 Indianapolis 0.2
22 Los Angeles 0.2
23 Virginia Beach 0.2
24 Orlando 0.2
25 Kansas City 0.2
26 Boston 0.2
27 Phoenix 0.2
28 Chicago 0.1
29 Oklahoma City 0.1
30 Baltimore 0.1
31 Memphis 0.1
32 Las Vegas 0.1
33 Portland 0.1
34 Richmond 0.1
35 Milwaukee 0.1
United States 0.1
36 New Orleans 0.1
37 Cincinnati 0.1
38 Philadelphia 0.0
39 Jacksonville 0.0
40 Miami 0.0
41 Providence -0.1
42 Louisville -0.1
43 Birmingham -0.1
44 Detroit -0.1
45 St. Louis -0.1
46 Buffalo -0.1
47 Tampa -0.2
48 Cleveland -0.3
49 Pittsburgh -0.4
Net Migration
Percent of 2021 population, 2021-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
1 Orlando 2.2
2 Tampa 2.1
3 Jacksonville 2.0
4 Austin 2.0
5 Raleigh 1.8
6 Dallas 1.6
7 San Antonio 1.6
8 Charlotte 1.5
9 Nashville 1.5
10 Phoenix 1.3
11 Houston 1.2
12 Las Vegas 1.1
13 Oklahoma City 1.0
14 Atlanta 1.0
15 Richmond 0.9
16 Miami 0.5
17 Columbus 0.5
18 Indianapolis 0.4
United States 0.3
19 Cincinnati 0.2
20 Riverside 0.2
21 Seattle 0.2
22 Sacramento 0.2
23 Kansas City 0.1
24 Louisville 0.1
25 Birmingham 0.1
26 Denver -0.0
27 Providence -0.1
28 Virginia Beach -0.1
29 Cleveland -0.2
30 Philadelphia -0.2
31 Boston -0.2
32 Milwaukee -0.3
33 Pittsburgh -0.3
34 Minneapolis -0.3
35 Buffalo -0.3
36 St. Louis -0.3
37 San Diego -0.3
38 Salt Lake City -0.3
39 Memphis -0.3
40 Washington, D.C. -0.3
41 Detroit -0.4
42 Baltimore -0.4
43 Portland -0.4
44 Chicago -1.0
45 Los Angeles -1.0
46 San Francisco -1.1
47 New York -1.1
48 San Jose -1.2
49 New Orleans -1.4
Net International Migration
Percent of 2021 population, 2021-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
1 Miami 1.1
2 San Jose 0.9
3 Orlando 0.8
4 Seattle 0.7
5 Boston 0.7
6 Washington, D.C. 0.7
7 Houston 0.7
8 San Francisco 0.6
9 New York 0.5
10 Dallas 0.5
11 Austin 0.4
12 Columbus 0.4
13 Tampa 0.4
14 Charlotte 0.4
15 Raleigh 0.4
16 Las Vegas 0.4
17 Sacramento 0.4
18 Atlanta 0.4
19 Los Angeles 0.3
20 Richmond 0.3
21 Phoenix 0.3
22 Indianapolis 0.3
United States 0.3
23 New Orleans 0.3
24 Chicago 0.3
25 Providence 0.3
26 Minneapolis 0.3
27 San Diego 0.3
28 Philadelphia 0.3
29 Jacksonville 0.3
30 Detroit 0.3
31 Salt Lake City 0.3
32 Portland 0.2
33 Baltimore 0.2
34 Cincinnati 0.2
35 Denver 0.2
36 Virginia Beach 0.2
37 Milwaukee 0.2
38 Buffalo 0.2
39 San Antonio 0.2
40 Cleveland 0.2
41 Nashville 0.2
42 Kansas City 0.2
43 Louisville 0.2
44 St. Louis 0.2
45 Oklahoma City 0.2
46 Pittsburgh 0.1
47 Memphis 0.1
48 Riverside 0.1
49 Birmingham 0.1
Net Domestic Migration
Percent of 2021 population, 2021-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates *Hartford MSA is currently not included.
1 Jacksonville 1.8
2 Tampa 1.7
3 Austin 1.6
4 San Antonio 1.4
5 Orlando 1.4
6 Raleigh 1.4
7 Nashville 1.3
8 Dallas 1.2
9 Charlotte 1.1
10 Phoenix 1.0
11 Oklahoma City 0.8
12 Las Vegas 0.7
13 Atlanta 0.6
14 Richmond 0.5
15 Houston 0.5
16 Indianapolis 0.1
17 Riverside 0.1
18 Columbus 0.1
19 Birmingham -0.0
20 Cincinnati -0.0
21 Kansas City -0.1
22 Louisville -0.1
23 Sacramento -0.2
24 Denver -0.3
Peer Average -0.3
25 Virginia Beach -0.3
26 Providence -0.4
27 Pittsburgh -0.4
28 Cleveland -0.4
29 Memphis -0.4
30 St. Louis -0.5
31 Milwaukee -0.5
32 Buffalo -0.5
33 Philadelphia -0.5
34 Minneapolis -0.5
35 Seattle -0.6
36 San Diego -0.6
37 Salt Lake City -0.6
38 Miami -0.6
39 Baltimore -0.6
40 Detroit -0.6
41 Portland -0.7
42 Boston -1.0
43 Washington, D.C. -1.0
44 Chicago -1.2
45 Los Angeles -1.3
46 New York -1.6
47 San Francisco -1.7
48 New Orleans -1.7
49 San Jose -2.2
Veterans
Percent of adults aged 18 and older who served in the military, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B21001)
1 Virginia Beach 14.3
2 Jacksonville 10.6
3 San Antonio 10.1
4 Las Vegas 8.2
5 Oklahoma City 8.1
6 Tampa 8.0
7 Richmond 7.4
8 Washington, D.C. 7.3
9 San Diego 7.3
10 Phoenix 7.0
11 Kansas City 6.9
12 St. Louis 6.9
13 Baltimore 6.7
14 Pittsburgh 6.6
15 Louisville 6.5
16 Seattle 6.5
17 Portland 6.4
18 Atlanta 6.3
19 Denver 6.2
United States 6.2
20 Memphis 6.2
21 Cleveland 6.2
22 Orlando 6.1
23 Charlotte 6.1
24 Columbus 6.0
25 Birmingham 6.0
26 Nashville 6.0
27 Sacramento 6.0
28 Indianapolis 5.9
29 New Orleans 5.9
30 Buffalo 5.9
31 Cincinnati 5.8
32 Austin 5.8
33 Raleigh 5.8
34 Dallas 5.3
35 Minneapolis 5.2
36 Riverside 5.2
37 Providence 5.1
38 Detroit 5.1
39 Philadelphia 5.1
40 Houston 4.9
41 Hartford 4.7
42 Milwaukee 4.6
43 Salt Lake City 4.2
44 Boston 4.0
45 Chicago 3.9
46 Miami 3.6
47 San Francisco 3.3
48 Los Angeles 2.7
49 New York 2.7
50 San Jose 2.6

The racial and ethnic categories presented in the following tables are mutually exclusive. These categories are White (not Hispanic or Latino), Black (not Hispanic or Latino), Asian (not Hispanic or Latino), multiracial (not Hispanic or Latino), other races (not Hispanic or Latino), and Hispanic and Latino. The White, Black, and Asian categories represent people who identify with only one race (i.e., White Alone, Black Alone, or Asian Alone). The "other races" population includes three Census categories, all not Hispanic or Latino: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, American Indian and Alaska Native, and the "some other race" group. The multiracial category includes people who identify as one or more race, but includes only people who do not identify as Hispanic or Latino. The Hispanic and Latino category includes all people who identity with this ethnicity category. They can also identify as one or more of the race categories. EWG recognizes that these six tables do not fully capture the diversity of the U.S. population. These broad tables provide an indication of the racial and ethnic makeup of the most populous U.S. metropolitan regions.

White Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 Pittsburgh 82.7
2 Cincinnati 76.6
3 Buffalo 74.2
4 Louisville 72.5
5 Minneapolis 71.7
6 St. Louis 71.0
7 Providence 70.9
8 Kansas City 69.9
9 Nashville 69.8
10 Portland 68.9
11 Columbus 68.6
12 Indianapolis 68.5
13 Salt Lake City 68.4
14 Cleveland 67.5
15 Boston 65.7
16 Milwaukee 64.2
17 Detroit 63.8
18 Hartford 62.4
19 Oklahoma City 61.2
20 Denver 61.1
21 Birmingham 60.5
22 Jacksonville 59.5
23 Philadelphia 58.6
24 Tampa 58.5
25 Raleigh 58.2
United States 57.7
26 Charlotte 57.5
27 Seattle 57.2
28 Richmond 55.5
29 Baltimore 52.8
30 Virginia Beach 52.8
31 Phoenix 52.1
32 Chicago 50.1
33 New Orleans 49.6
34 Austin 48.4
35 Sacramento 47.5
36 Atlanta 43.2
37 New York 43.1
38 San Diego 42.2
39 Orlando 42.1
40 Dallas 42.1
41 Washington, D.C. 42.0
42 Memphis 41.0
43 Las Vegas 37.6
44 San Francisco 35.4
45 Houston 32.7
46 San Antonio 31.3
47 Miami 27.7
48 Los Angeles 27.6
49 San Jose 27.3
50 Riverside 27.3
Black Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 Memphis 47.1
2 Atlanta 33.8
3 New Orleans 32.7
4 Birmingham 29.8
5 Virginia Beach 28.9
6 Baltimore 28.8
7 Richmond 28.0
8 Washington, D.C. 24.2
9 Charlotte 21.9
10 Detroit 21.2
11 Jacksonville 19.9
12 Philadelphia 19.5
13 Miami 19.3
14 Cleveland 18.9
15 Raleigh 18.9
16 Houston 16.7
17 St. Louis 16.6
18 Dallas 16.0
19 Chicago 15.5
20 Milwaukee 15.4
21 Columbus 15.1
22 Indianapolis 15.1
23 Orlando 14.8
24 New York 14.8
25 Louisville 14.6
26 Nashville 14.2
United States 11.9
27 Cincinnati 11.8
28 Las Vegas 11.6
29 Kansas City 11.5
30 Tampa 11.5
31 Buffalo 11.4
32 Hartford 10.4
33 Minneapolis 9.0
34 Oklahoma City 8.9
35 Pittsburgh 7.3
36 Boston 7.0
37 Austin 6.8
38 San Francisco 6.8
39 Riverside 6.7
40 Sacramento 6.5
41 San Antonio 6.3
42 Seattle 5.9
43 Los Angeles 5.9
44 Phoenix 5.4
45 Denver 5.4
46 Providence 4.8
47 San Diego 4.2
48 Portland 2.9
49 San Jose 2.2
50 Salt Lake City 1.6
Asian Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 San Jose 39.0
2 San Francisco 28.3
3 Los Angeles 16.6
4 Seattle 15.9
5 Sacramento 14.7
6 San Diego 12.1
7 New York 11.9
8 Washington, D.C. 10.7
9 Las Vegas 10.7
10 Boston 8.7
11 Houston 8.1
12 Dallas 8.0
13 Riverside 7.6
14 Chicago 7.2
15 Austin 7.0
16 Portland 7.0
17 Minneapolis 6.9
18 Raleigh 6.9
19 Atlanta 6.5
20 Philadelphia 6.4
21 Baltimore 6.0
United States 5.8
22 Hartford 5.5
23 Columbus 5.0
24 Detroit 4.9
25 Orlando 4.5
26 Charlotte 4.4
27 Denver 4.3
28 Richmond 4.3
29 Milwaukee 4.3
30 Phoenix 4.2
31 Buffalo 4.2
32 Indianapolis 4.1
33 Salt Lake City 4.1
34 Jacksonville 4.0
35 Virginia Beach 3.9
36 Tampa 3.7
37 Oklahoma City 3.3
38 Providence 3.1
39 Kansas City 3.1
40 Nashville 3.0
41 Cincinnati 3.0
42 St. Louis 2.9
43 New Orleans 2.8
44 Pittsburgh 2.7
45 San Antonio 2.6
46 Cleveland 2.4
47 Miami 2.4
48 Memphis 2.3
49 Louisville 2.1
50 Birmingham 1.7
Hispanic and Latino Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 San Antonio 56.2
2 Riverside 54.0
3 Miami 46.4
4 Los Angeles 45.4
5 Houston 38.8
6 San Diego 35.0
7 Orlando 33.1
8 Austin 32.7
9 Las Vegas 32.6
10 Phoenix 32.1
11 Dallas 29.7
12 San Jose 26.0
13 New York 25.5
14 Denver 23.9
15 Chicago 23.4
16 Sacramento 22.8
17 San Francisco 22.3
18 Tampa 21.8
19 Salt Lake City 19.4
United States 19.1
20 Washington, D.C. 17.0
21 Hartford 17.0
22 Oklahoma City 14.8
23 Providence 14.8
24 Portland 13.3
25 Boston 12.3
26 Milwaukee 11.7
27 Atlanta 11.5
28 Charlotte 11.4
29 Raleigh 11.3
30 Seattle 11.2
31 Jacksonville 10.7
32 Philadelphia 10.6
33 Kansas City 10.0
34 New Orleans 9.6
35 Nashville 8.3
36 Virginia Beach 7.8
37 Indianapolis 7.6
38 Richmond 7.1
39 Baltimore 7.0
40 Cleveland 6.7
41 Minneapolis 6.3
42 Memphis 6.3
43 Louisville 6.0
44 Buffalo 5.7
45 Detroit 5.1
46 Birmingham 5.1
47 Columbus 4.9
48 Cincinnati 3.9
49 St. Louis 3.4
50 Pittsburgh 2.1
Other Races Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of population identifying as American Indian, Pacific Islander, or Some Other Race, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 Oklahoma City 3.4
2 Salt Lake City 2.6
3 Phoenix 2.2
4 Seattle 2.1
5 Sacramento 1.8
6 San Francisco 1.6
7 Las Vegas 1.5
8 Portland 1.5
9 New York 1.4
10 Boston 1.4
11 San Diego 1.3
United States 1.3
12 Riverside 1.3
13 Providence 1.3
14 Virginia Beach 1.1
15 Minneapolis 1.0
16 Los Angeles 1.0
17 Orlando 1.0
18 Washington, D.C. 1.0
19 San Jose 1.0
20 Miami 0.9
21 Austin 0.9
22 Jacksonville 0.9
23 Baltimore 0.9
24 New Orleans 0.9
25 Denver 0.9
26 Kansas City 0.9
27 Buffalo 0.8
28 Charlotte 0.8
29 Tampa 0.8
30 Raleigh 0.8
31 San Antonio 0.7
32 Philadelphia 0.7
33 Dallas 0.7
34 Milwaukee 0.7
35 Richmond 0.7
36 Atlanta 0.7
37 Columbus 0.7
38 Indianapolis 0.7
39 Birmingham 0.6
40 Houston 0.6
41 Hartford 0.6
42 St. Louis 0.6
43 Nashville 0.5
44 Detroit 0.5
45 Cincinnati 0.5
46 Chicago 0.5
47 Pittsburgh 0.5
48 Louisville 0.5
49 Cleveland 0.4
50 Memphis 0.3
Multiracial Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of population identifying as two or more races, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 Oklahoma City 8.3
2 Seattle 7.6
3 Sacramento 6.6
4 Portland 6.4
5 Las Vegas 5.9
6 Columbus 5.7
7 San Francisco 5.6
8 Virginia Beach 5.6
9 St. Louis 5.5
10 San Diego 5.2
11 Providence 5.1
12 Washington, D.C. 5.0
13 Minneapolis 5.0
14 Jacksonville 5.0
15 Boston 5.0
16 Pittsburgh 4.7
17 Kansas City 4.6
18 Baltimore 4.5
19 San Jose 4.5
20 Orlando 4.5
21 Detroit 4.5
22 Denver 4.5
23 Louisville 4.4
24 New Orleans 4.3
25 Cincinnati 4.3
United States 4.3
26 Richmond 4.3
27 Atlanta 4.3
28 Austin 4.1
29 Nashville 4.1
30 Hartford 4.1
31 Philadelphia 4.1
32 Cleveland 4.1
33 Phoenix 4.0
34 Indianapolis 4.0
35 Raleigh 4.0
36 Salt Lake City 3.9
37 Charlotte 3.9
38 Tampa 3.7
39 Buffalo 3.7
40 Milwaukee 3.7
41 Los Angeles 3.6
42 Dallas 3.5
43 New York 3.4
44 Chicago 3.2
45 Miami 3.2
46 Riverside 3.1
47 Houston 3.1
48 Memphis 3.0
49 San Antonio 2.8
50 Birmingham 2.3
Immigrant Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05012)
1 Miami 42.3
2 San Jose 40.7
3 Los Angeles 32.4
4 San Francisco 31.6
5 New York 29.8
6 Washington, D.C. 24.1
7 Houston 23.9
8 San Diego 22.3
9 Riverside 21.8
10 Las Vegas 21.8
11 Seattle 20.7
12 Orlando 20.7
13 Boston 20.1
14 Sacramento 19.1
15 Dallas 18.9
16 Chicago 18.1
17 Austin 15.9
18 Tampa 15.7
19 Atlanta 14.6
20 Hartford 14.5
21 Providence 14.2
22 Phoenix 14.1
United States 13.9
23 Raleigh 13.2
24 Salt Lake City 12.9
25 Portland 12.3
26 Denver 12.0
27 Philadelphia 11.8
28 San Antonio 11.5
29 Baltimore 11.5
30 Charlotte 11.1
31 Minneapolis 10.8
32 Detroit 10.3
33 Jacksonville 10.2
34 Columbus 9.8
35 Indianapolis 8.8
36 Nashville 8.8
37 Oklahoma City 7.9
38 Richmond 7.9
39 Milwaukee 7.6
40 New Orleans 7.1
41 Kansas City 6.8
42 Buffalo 6.8
43 Virginia Beach 6.5
44 Louisville 6.2
45 Cleveland 5.9
46 Memphis 5.8
47 Cincinnati 5.5
48 St. Louis 4.6
49 Birmingham 4.4
50 Pittsburgh 3.9
Change in Immigrant Population
Percent change, 2019-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05012)
1 Indianapolis 31.5
2 Jacksonville 17.0
3 Birmingham 14.8
4 Orlando 14.8
5 Columbus 14.0
6 Baltimore 12.8
7 Memphis 12.4
8 Hartford 11.9
9 Tampa 11.8
10 Raleigh 10.3
11 Philadelphia 10.0
12 Austin 9.6
13 Buffalo 9.4
14 Charlotte 7.7
15 Providence 7.0
16 Seattle 6.9
17 Washington, D.C. 6.6
18 Atlanta 6.3
19 Houston 6.2
20 Salt Lake City 5.9
21 Cincinnati 5.8
22 Boston 5.4
23 San Antonio 4.5
24 Sacramento 4.1
25 Minneapolis 3.5
26 Dallas 2.9
27 Chicago 2.9
United States 2.8
28 New York 2.7
29 Nashville 2.5
30 Oklahoma City 2.4
31 Denver 2.2
32 Riverside 2.2
33 Richmond 2.0
34 Miami 1.3
35 Milwaukee 1.3
36 Detroit 0.6
37 Phoenix -0.1
38 San Jose -0.2
39 San Francisco -1.0
40 Las Vegas -1.5
41 Kansas City -1.9
42 Portland -3.9
43 St. Louis -4.0
44 San Diego -4.0
45 Los Angeles -4.1
46 Virginia Beach -5.2
47 Pittsburgh -6.4
48 Cleveland -7.6
49 Louisville -8.4
50 New Orleans -8.5

St. Louis has an aging population with one of the oldest median ages among the peer regions. The age of the population has important implications for the workforce and social service programs.

Median Age
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01002)
1 Pittsburgh 42.9
2 Miami 42.1
3 Tampa 42.1
4 Cleveland 41.8
5 Buffalo 40.9
6 Providence 40.8
7 San Francisco 40.6
8 Detroit 40.4
9 Hartford 40.4
10 St. Louis 40.0
11 New York 39.7
12 Louisville 39.6
13 New Orleans 39.5
14 Boston 39.5
15 Portland 39.4
16 Philadelphia 39.3
17 Jacksonville 39.3
18 Birmingham 39.3
19 Baltimore 39.3
United States 39.0
20 Milwaukee 38.8
21 Chicago 38.7
22 Richmond 38.7
23 Orlando 38.5
24 Los Angeles 38.5
25 Las Vegas 38.3
26 Cincinnati 38.3
27 Sacramento 38.3
28 San Jose 38.2
29 Kansas City 38.2
30 Washington, D.C. 38.2
31 Minneapolis 38.1
32 Charlotte 38.0
33 Seattle 37.7
34 Phoenix 37.6
35 Raleigh 37.5
36 San Diego 37.3
37 Virginia Beach 37.3
38 Atlanta 37.3
39 Denver 37.3
40 Nashville 37.1
41 Indianapolis 37.0
42 Memphis 36.9
43 Columbus 36.9
44 Oklahoma City 36.0
45 Austin 35.9
46 San Antonio 35.7
47 Riverside 35.6
48 Dallas 35.5
49 Houston 35.4
50 Salt Lake City 34.0
Children
Population under age 18 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1 Houston 25.7
2 Salt Lake City 25.4
3 Dallas 24.8
4 Riverside 24.7
5 Memphis 24.5
6 San Antonio 24.2
7 Indianapolis 24.0
8 Oklahoma City 23.8
9 Kansas City 23.3
10 Atlanta 23.3
11 Columbus 23.0
12 Minneapolis 22.9
13 Raleigh 22.9
14 Cincinnati 22.8
15 Charlotte 22.7
16 Washington, D.C. 22.4
17 Birmingham 22.4
18 Milwaukee 22.3
19 Phoenix 22.3
20 Nashville 22.3
21 Las Vegas 22.2
22 Louisville 22.0
23 Sacramento 21.9
24 Jacksonville 21.9
25 Virginia Beach 21.9
26 New Orleans 21.8
27 Chicago 21.8
United States 21.7
28 Baltimore 21.7
29 Austin 21.6
30 St. Louis 21.5
31 Detroit 21.5
32 Philadelphia 21.1
33 Orlando 21.1
34 Richmond 21.0
35 New York 20.9
36 Denver 20.8
37 San Diego 20.7
38 Seattle 20.6
39 Cleveland 20.5
40 Los Angeles 20.5
41 San Jose 20.4
42 Portland 20.0
43 Buffalo 19.8
44 Miami 19.7
45 Hartford 19.5
46 Tampa 19.2
47 Providence 19.1
48 Boston 19.1
49 San Francisco 18.9
50 Pittsburgh 18.5
Change in Children
Percentage point change in population under age 18 as a percent of total population, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1 Baltimore -0.8
2 Washington, D.C. -0.9
3 Oklahoma City -1.0
4 Virginia Beach -1.1
5 Pittsburgh -1.1
6 Buffalo -1.2
7 New Orleans -1.2
8 Birmingham -1.2
9 Miami -1.3
10 Jacksonville -1.3
11 Columbus -1.4
12 New York -1.4
13 Tampa -1.5
14 Minneapolis -1.6
15 Memphis -1.6
16 Louisville -1.6
17 Cincinnati -1.6
18 Houston -1.7
19 Philadelphia -1.7
20 Nashville -1.7
21 St. Louis -1.7
22 Seattle -1.8
23 Orlando -1.8
24 Richmond -1.8
United States -1.8
25 Kansas City -1.8
26 Milwaukee -1.8
27 Providence -1.9
28 San Francisco -1.9
29 Indianapolis -1.9
30 San Antonio -1.9
31 Cleveland -1.9
32 Boston -1.9
33 Detroit -1.9
34 Hartford -2.0
35 San Diego -2.1
36 Sacramento -2.2
37 Las Vegas -2.3
38 Dallas -2.5
39 Atlanta -2.6
40 Chicago -2.7
41 Charlotte -2.8
42 Raleigh -2.8
43 Portland -3.1
44 Riverside -3.1
45 Los Angeles -3.2
46 Phoenix -3.3
47 Austin -3.4
48 San Jose -3.4
49 Denver -3.6
50 Salt Lake City -3.7
Young Adults
Population aged 18 - 34 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1 Austin 26.8
2 Salt Lake City 26.2
3 San Diego 25.9
4 Denver 25.3
5 Seattle 25.1
6 San Jose 24.8
7 San Antonio 24.7
8 Oklahoma City 24.7
9 Virginia Beach 24.7
10 Boston 24.6
11 Nashville 24.6
12 Los Angeles 24.5
13 Riverside 24.5
14 Dallas 24.3
15 Columbus 24.2
16 Phoenix 24.0
17 Orlando 23.9
18 Houston 23.7
19 Richmond 23.6
20 Hartford 23.4
21 Atlanta 23.4
22 Portland 23.3
23 Providence 23.2
24 Raleigh 23.2
25 Sacramento 23.2
26 Indianapolis 23.1
27 Memphis 23.1
28 Chicago 23.0
29 Las Vegas 23.0
30 Philadelphia 23.0
31 Charlotte 23.0
United States 22.9
32 Washington, D.C. 22.7
33 New York 22.7
34 Cincinnati 22.6
35 Buffalo 22.5
36 Milwaukee 22.5
37 San Francisco 22.4
38 Minneapolis 22.4
39 Birmingham 22.3
40 Baltimore 22.3
41 Kansas City 22.2
42 Louisville 22.0
43 Jacksonville 22.0
44 Detroit 21.9
45 St. Louis 21.6
46 New Orleans 21.5
47 Pittsburgh 21.4
48 Cleveland 21.2
49 Tampa 21.2
50 Miami 20.7
Working-Age Adults
Population aged 18 - 64 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1 Austin 66.5
2 Denver 65.0
3 Seattle 64.9
4 San Jose 64.6
5 Los Angeles 64.0
6 San Diego 63.8
7 Raleigh 63.7
8 Boston 63.6
9 San Francisco 63.5
10 Nashville 63.5
11 Portland 63.4
12 Atlanta 63.2
13 Orlando 63.1
14 Washington, D.C. 63.1
15 Dallas 63.0
16 Salt Lake City 62.8
17 Charlotte 62.6
18 Columbus 62.4
19 Providence 62.4
20 Hartford 62.2
21 Richmond 62.1
22 Las Vegas 62.1
23 San Antonio 62.1
24 Chicago 62.0
25 Houston 61.9
26 Virginia Beach 61.9
27 New York 61.8
28 Philadelphia 61.6
29 Minneapolis 61.5
30 Riverside 61.3
31 Sacramento 61.3
32 Baltimore 61.3
33 Oklahoma City 61.3
34 Indianapolis 61.1
35 Phoenix 61.0
United States 61.0
36 Jacksonville 60.8
37 Miami 60.8
38 Louisville 60.6
39 Detroit 60.6
40 Buffalo 60.6
41 Kansas City 60.4
42 Milwaukee 60.4
43 Cincinnati 60.4
44 St. Louis 60.3
45 Tampa 60.3
46 New Orleans 60.2
47 Birmingham 60.2
48 Memphis 60.1
49 Pittsburgh 59.9
50 Cleveland 59.4
Seniors
Population aged 65 and older as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1 Pittsburgh 21.6
2 Tampa 20.5
3 Cleveland 20.1
4 Buffalo 19.6
5 Miami 19.5
6 Providence 18.5
7 Hartford 18.3
8 St. Louis 18.1
9 New Orleans 18.0
10 Detroit 17.9
11 San Francisco 17.5
12 Birmingham 17.4
13 Louisville 17.4
United States 17.3
14 Philadelphia 17.3
15 Jacksonville 17.3
16 Milwaukee 17.3
17 New York 17.2
18 Boston 17.2
19 Baltimore 17.0
20 Richmond 16.9
21 Cincinnati 16.8
22 Sacramento 16.7
23 Phoenix 16.7
24 Portland 16.6
25 Kansas City 16.2
26 Chicago 16.2
27 Virginia Beach 16.2
28 Orlando 15.9
29 Las Vegas 15.8
30 Minneapolis 15.6
31 Los Angeles 15.5
32 San Diego 15.5
33 Memphis 15.4
34 San Jose 15.0
35 Oklahoma City 14.9
36 Indianapolis 14.9
37 Charlotte 14.6
38 Columbus 14.6
39 Seattle 14.6
40 Washington, D.C. 14.5
41 Nashville 14.3
42 Denver 14.2
43 Riverside 14.0
44 San Antonio 13.8
45 Atlanta 13.5
46 Raleigh 13.4
47 Houston 12.3
48 Dallas 12.2
49 Austin 12.0
50 Salt Lake City 11.9

St. Louis has a slightly larger proportion of the population that is disabled, relative to the peer regions. The percentages of seniors and children with disabilities in the region are similar to that of the United States as a whole, and the proportion of the working-age population with a disability is slightly higher in the St. Louis region compared to the peer regions.

Disability Rate
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1 New Orleans 16.3
2 Oklahoma City 15.6
3 Pittsburgh 15.2
4 Cleveland 14.9
5 Birmingham 14.9
6 San Antonio 14.8
7 Tampa 14.5
8 Virginia Beach 14.4
9 Memphis 14.3
10 Louisville 14.1
11 Detroit 14.0
12 St. Louis 14.0
13 Las Vegas 13.9
14 Providence 13.7
15 Buffalo 13.7
16 Philadelphia 13.7
17 Portland 13.5
United States 13.4
18 Jacksonville 13.3
19 Cincinnati 13.3
20 Indianapolis 13.0
21 Sacramento 12.9
22 Richmond 12.7
23 Orlando 12.7
24 Baltimore 12.6
25 Kansas City 12.5
26 Columbus 12.5
27 Phoenix 12.5
28 Hartford 12.3
29 Milwaukee 12.0
30 Seattle 11.8
31 Riverside 11.8
32 Nashville 11.7
33 New York 11.4
34 Boston 11.3
35 Miami 11.3
36 San Diego 11.3
37 Los Angeles 11.1
38 Atlanta 11.1
39 Chicago 11.1
40 Denver 11.1
41 San Francisco 11.0
42 Houston 10.9
43 Salt Lake City 10.9
44 Austin 10.8
45 Charlotte 10.7
46 Minneapolis 10.5
47 Dallas 10.4
48 Raleigh 10.2
49 Washington, D.C. 9.5
50 San Jose 9.3
Children with Disabilities
Percent of children under 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1 San Antonio 7.3
2 New Orleans 6.7
3 Oklahoma City 6.4
4 Cleveland 5.9
5 Pittsburgh 5.7
6 Birmingham 5.6
7 Philadelphia 5.4
8 Cincinnati 5.4
9 Louisville 5.3
10 Las Vegas 5.2
11 Virginia Beach 5.2
12 Richmond 5.1
13 Phoenix 5.1
14 Tampa 4.9
15 Providence 4.9
16 Orlando 4.9
17 Memphis 4.8
United States 4.8
18 St. Louis 4.8
19 Jacksonville 4.8
20 Indianapolis 4.8
21 Hartford 4.8
22 Atlanta 4.7
23 Baltimore 4.7
24 Salt Lake City 4.7
25 Detroit 4.6
26 Nashville 4.6
27 Portland 4.6
28 Houston 4.5
29 Columbus 4.5
30 Sacramento 4.4
31 Buffalo 4.4
32 Boston 4.4
33 Denver 4.3
34 Austin 4.3
35 Kansas City 4.1
36 Miami 4.0
37 New York 4.0
38 Charlotte 3.8
39 Los Angeles 3.8
40 Milwaukee 3.8
41 Dallas 3.7
42 Seattle 3.7
43 San Diego 3.6
44 Minneapolis 3.6
45 Riverside 3.6
46 Washington, D.C. 3.5
47 Raleigh 3.4
48 Chicago 3.4
49 San Francisco 3.3
50 San Jose 2.7
Working-Age Adults with Disabilities
Percent of adults aged 18 - 64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1 New Orleans 14.1
2 Oklahoma City 13.8
3 Virginia Beach 12.8
4 Memphis 12.7
5 San Antonio 12.7
6 Cleveland 12.6
7 Birmingham 12.5
8 Pittsburgh 12.2
9 Louisville 12.0
10 Detroit 11.9
11 Las Vegas 11.7
12 St. Louis 11.6
13 Providence 11.6
14 Philadelphia 11.5
15 Jacksonville 11.5
16 Cincinnati 11.5
17 Buffalo 11.4
18 Tampa 11.4
19 Indianapolis 11.3
20 Portland 11.3
United States 11.0
21 Columbus 10.9
22 Richmond 10.7
23 Kansas City 10.5
24 Sacramento 10.4
25 Baltimore 10.3
26 Phoenix 10.2
27 Orlando 10.0
28 Milwaukee 9.8
29 Riverside 9.7
30 Austin 9.7
31 Nashville 9.7
32 Hartford 9.7
33 Seattle 9.6
34 Salt Lake City 9.6
35 Denver 9.3
36 Atlanta 9.2
37 Houston 9.0
38 Dallas 8.9
39 Minneapolis 8.9
40 San Diego 8.8
41 Chicago 8.7
42 Boston 8.7
43 Charlotte 8.6
44 Raleigh 8.5
45 Los Angeles 8.3
46 New York 8.3
47 San Francisco 7.7
48 Miami 7.4
49 Washington, D.C. 7.4
50 San Jose 5.8
Seniors with Disabilities
Percent of adults aged 65 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1 San Antonio 38.1
2 Oklahoma City 37.9
3 Memphis 35.8
4 New Orleans 35.8
5 Riverside 35.5
6 Birmingham 35.4
7 Las Vegas 35.0
8 Houston 34.0
9 Indianapolis 33.9
10 Orlando 33.8
11 San Jose 33.6
12 Sacramento 33.5
13 Louisville 33.3
14 St. Louis 33.1
United States 33.1
15 Seattle 33.1
16 Los Angeles 33.0
17 Detroit 33.0
18 Virginia Beach 32.9
19 Portland 32.9
20 Tampa 32.8
21 Dallas 32.4
22 Columbus 32.4
23 Kansas City 32.2
24 Pittsburgh 32.2
25 Nashville 32.1
26 New York 32.0
27 Philadelphia 31.7
28 San Diego 31.5
29 San Francisco 31.4
30 Baltimore 31.4
31 Miami 31.3
32 Atlanta 31.3
33 Cleveland 31.2
34 Salt Lake City 31.1
35 Phoenix 31.0
36 Chicago 30.9
37 Cincinnati 30.9
38 Charlotte 30.8
39 Jacksonville 30.7
40 Providence 30.5
41 Milwaukee 30.3
42 Buffalo 30.2
43 Raleigh 30.1
44 Richmond 29.9
45 Hartford 29.5
46 Denver 29.5
47 Boston 29.2
48 Austin 28.3
49 Washington, D.C. 28.3
50 Minneapolis 27.7

The composition of households in the United States has changed in the past few decades, including smaller household sizes and an increasing proportion of non-family households, which is in part due to more people over the age of 65 living alone.

Average Household Size
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11002, B11001)
1 Riverside 3.2
2 Los Angeles 2.8
3 San Jose 2.8
4 Salt Lake City 2.8
5 Houston 2.7
6 Dallas 2.7
7 San Diego 2.7
8 Las Vegas 2.7
9 Sacramento 2.7
10 San Antonio 2.7
11 Atlanta 2.7
12 Raleigh 2.6
13 Phoenix 2.6
14 Washington, D.C. 2.6
15 Miami 2.6
16 San Francisco 2.6
17 Orlando 2.6
18 New York 2.6
19 Memphis 2.5
20 Oklahoma City 2.5
United States 2.5
21 Charlotte 2.5
22 Chicago 2.5
23 Baltimore 2.5
24 Indianapolis 2.5
25 Seattle 2.5
26 Virginia Beach 2.5
27 Birmingham 2.5
28 New Orleans 2.5
29 Jacksonville 2.4
30 Philadelphia 2.4
31 Minneapolis 2.4
32 Columbus 2.4
33 Detroit 2.4
34 Portland 2.4
35 Boston 2.4
36 Kansas City 2.4
37 Tampa 2.4
38 Cincinnati 2.4
39 Nashville 2.4
40 Richmond 2.4
41 Denver 2.4
42 Austin 2.4
43 Providence 2.4
44 Hartford 2.4
45 Louisville 2.4
46 St. Louis 2.3
47 Milwaukee 2.3
48 Cleveland 2.3
49 Pittsburgh 2.2
50 Buffalo 2.2
Family Households
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1 Riverside 75.6
2 San Jose 69.5
3 Houston 69.0
4 Salt Lake City 68.1
5 Raleigh 67.3
6 Dallas 67.2
7 Jacksonville 67.1
8 Atlanta 67.0
9 San Antonio 66.8
10 Orlando 66.6
11 Sacramento 66.4
12 Los Angeles 66.2
13 San Diego 66.1
14 Phoenix 65.9
15 Birmingham 65.2
16 Miami 65.0
17 Memphis 64.8
18 Charlotte 64.8
19 Las Vegas 64.8
20 Indianapolis 64.4
21 Oklahoma City 64.3
United States 64.1
22 Nashville 64.0
23 Virginia Beach 64.0
24 New York 63.7
25 Washington, D.C. 63.6
26 Cincinnati 63.6
27 Richmond 63.5
28 Philadelphia 62.9
29 Minneapolis 62.8
30 Baltimore 62.8
31 Chicago 62.7
32 San Francisco 62.6
33 St. Louis 62.4
34 Detroit 62.1
35 Louisville 62.0
36 Columbus 62.0
37 Kansas City 62.0
38 Boston 61.4
39 Hartford 61.4
40 Providence 61.2
41 Seattle 60.9
42 Tampa 60.7
43 Portland 60.1
44 Denver 59.8
45 New Orleans 59.7
46 Austin 59.5
47 Buffalo 59.0
48 Milwaukee 58.6
49 Pittsburgh 58.4
50 Cleveland 57.6
Families with Children
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11003)
1 Riverside 32.9
2 Houston 32.0
3 Raleigh 31.6
4 Dallas 31.1
5 Salt Lake City 30.5
6 San Jose 30.3
7 Indianapolis 28.8
8 Atlanta 28.8
9 San Antonio 28.5
10 Memphis 28.1
11 Columbus 28.1
12 Oklahoma City 28.0
13 Washington, D.C. 28.0
14 Charlotte 27.7
15 Sacramento 27.6
16 Nashville 27.6
17 Minneapolis 27.2
18 Phoenix 27.1
19 San Diego 27.0
20 Kansas City 26.9
21 Seattle 26.9
22 Jacksonville 26.8
23 Birmingham 26.7
24 Orlando 26.6
25 Baltimore 26.6
26 Las Vegas 26.5
27 Austin 26.5
28 Cincinnati 26.4
29 Virginia Beach 26.4
30 Chicago 26.1
United States 26.0
31 Los Angeles 25.9
32 New York 25.6
33 Richmond 25.6
34 San Francisco 25.6
35 Boston 25.5
36 Philadelphia 25.5
37 Hartford 25.3
38 St. Louis 25.3
39 Louisville 25.1
40 Milwaukee 25.1
41 Portland 25.1
42 Denver 25.1
43 Miami 24.8
44 Detroit 24.4
45 New Orleans 24.1
46 Providence 23.9
47 Buffalo 23.0
48 Tampa 22.4
49 Cleveland 22.1
50 Pittsburgh 20.9
Single Parent Families
Percent of family households with children, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11003)
1 Memphis 47.7
2 New Orleans 42.7
3 Cleveland 38.9
4 Las Vegas 38.1
5 Providence 37.9
6 Buffalo 37.2
7 Miami 37.2
8 Virginia Beach 37.1
9 Milwaukee 36.4
10 Louisville 34.8
11 San Antonio 34.4
12 Tampa 34.2
13 Jacksonville 34.1
14 Hartford 33.9
15 St. Louis 33.8
16 Columbus 33.7
17 Detroit 33.7
18 Baltimore 33.3
19 Phoenix 33.0
20 Oklahoma City 32.7
21 Atlanta 32.5
22 Birmingham 32.5
23 Philadelphia 32.2
United States 31.9
24 Richmond 31.8
25 Houston 31.7
26 Los Angeles 31.5
27 Cincinnati 31.4
28 Chicago 30.9
29 Kansas City 30.5
30 Orlando 30.1
31 Riverside 30.0
32 Indianapolis 29.9
33 Nashville 29.8
34 Charlotte 29.5
35 New York 29.5
36 Sacramento 28.7
37 Portland 28.7
38 Pittsburgh 28.3
39 Boston 27.3
40 San Diego 27.3
41 Dallas 27.2
42 Minneapolis 26.5
43 Denver 26.5
44 Salt Lake City 26.1
45 Washington, D.C. 25.8
46 Seattle 25.1
47 Raleigh 23.8
48 Austin 22.0
49 San Francisco 21.7
50 San Jose 20.0
Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren
Households where a grandparent is responsible for own grandchildren as a percent of households with children, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B10063, B11003)
1 Memphis 7.2
2 Birmingham 7.2
3 Las Vegas 5.4
4 New Orleans 5.3
5 Cincinnati 5.2
6 Virginia Beach 5.0
7 Oklahoma City 4.7
8 Atlanta 4.7
9 San Antonio 4.6
10 Louisville 4.6
11 Cleveland 4.5
12 Philadelphia 4.3
13 Riverside 4.3
14 Jacksonville 4.3
15 Houston 4.3
16 Charlotte 4.1
17 Tampa 4.1
United States 4.1
18 Dallas 4.1
19 Richmond 4.0
20 Los Angeles 3.9
21 Orlando 3.9
22 Miami 3.8
23 Providence 3.8
24 St. Louis 3.7
25 Nashville 3.5
26 Chicago 3.5
27 Indianapolis 3.5
28 Phoenix 3.4
29 Columbus 3.3
30 Buffalo 3.3
31 Detroit 3.3
32 Baltimore 3.3
33 Washington, D.C. 3.2
34 New York 3.2
35 Kansas City 3.1
36 Sacramento 3.1
37 San Diego 3.1
38 Denver 3.0
39 Pittsburgh 3.0
40 Salt Lake City 3.0
41 San Francisco 2.9
42 Austin 2.6
43 Milwaukee 2.5
44 Seattle 2.5
45 Hartford 2.3
46 Raleigh 2.3
47 Boston 2.2
48 Minneapolis 1.9
49 Portland 1.8
50 San Jose 1.7
Persons Aged 65 and Older Living Alone
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11010, B11001)
1 Pittsburgh 15.1
2 Cleveland 14.5
3 Buffalo 14.2
4 Providence 13.6
5 Tampa 13.4
6 Detroit 13.0
7 New Orleans 13.0
8 Miami 12.6
9 Milwaukee 12.5
10 Hartford 12.5
11 St. Louis 12.4
12 Louisville 12.2
13 Boston 12.1
14 Baltimore 12.1
15 New York 11.7
16 Philadelphia 11.7
17 Cincinnati 11.6
United States 11.5
18 Richmond 11.4
19 Kansas City 11.3
20 Chicago 11.3
21 Birmingham 11.2
22 Sacramento 11.2
23 Portland 11.1
24 San Francisco 10.9
25 Virginia Beach 10.8
26 Minneapolis 10.7
27 Memphis 10.6
28 Las Vegas 10.2
29 Indianapolis 10.1
30 Phoenix 10.0
31 Jacksonville 10.0
32 Oklahoma City 10.0
33 Columbus 9.9
34 Denver 9.4
35 Los Angeles 9.2
36 Seattle 9.1
37 Washington, D.C. 9.1
38 Charlotte 9.0
39 San Diego 8.9
40 Riverside 8.8
41 Nashville 8.6
42 San Antonio 8.6
43 Raleigh 8.5
44 Orlando 8.5
45 Atlanta 8.4
46 San Jose 8.1
47 Dallas 7.9
48 Houston 7.4
49 Austin 6.9
50 Salt Lake City 6.9

Land Use

Land use is important to community planning and economic development. It is also important to the environmental quality of a region. This section highlights St. Louis’ relatively low-population density, dispersed development patterns, and large amount of farmland. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The St. Louis region has low-population density relative to the peer regions, particularly in the central city, with a relatively large proportion of the population living in rural parts of the region.

Population Density
Population per land square mile, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1 New York 2,934
2 Los Angeles 2,655
3 San Francisco 1,854
4 Boston 1,405
5 Philadelphia 1,356
6 Chicago 1,312
7 Tampa 1,309
8 Miami 1,209
9 Detroit 1,118
10 Baltimore 1,090
11 Milwaukee 1,072
12 Providence 1,055
13 Cleveland 1,033
14 Washington, D.C. 971
15 Dallas 916
16 Houston 889
17 Orlando 795
18 San Diego 779
19 Buffalo 742
20 San Jose 724
21 Atlanta 716
22 Raleigh 701
23 Seattle 687
Peer Average 664
24 Austin 574
25 Minneapolis 524
26 Jacksonville 523
27 Virginia Beach 511
28 Cincinnati 497
29 Indianapolis 497
30 Charlotte 492
31 Sacramento 474
32 Columbus 451
33 Pittsburgh 445
34 Louisville 397
35 New Orleans 389
36 Portland 375
37 San Antonio 363
38 Nashville 360
39 Denver 358
40 St. Louis 356
41 Phoenix 344
42 Richmond 307
43 Kansas City 305
44 Las Vegas 294
45 Memphis 291
46 Oklahoma City 265
47 Birmingham 249
48 Riverside 171
49 Salt Lake City 165
Urbanized Area Density
Population per land square mile, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1 Los Angeles 6,945
2 San Jose 5,979
3 New York 5,677
4 San Francisco 5,503
5 Las Vegas 4,927
6 Miami 4,871
7 San Diego 4,349
8 Denver 3,992
9 Portland 3,900
10 Sacramento 3,895
11 Salt Lake City 3,797
12 Washington, D.C. 3,573
13 Chicago 3,509
14 Seattle 3,498
15 Phoenix 3,469
16 Riverside 3,420
Peer Average 3,230
17 Dallas 3,100
18 Baltimore 3,043
19 San Antonio 3,024
20 Houston 3,011
21 Philadelphia 2,944
22 Columbus 2,850
23 New Orleans 2,836
24 Austin 2,820
25 Minneapolis 2,763
26 Detroit 2,710
27 Buffalo 2,693
28 Virginia Beach 2,683
29 Milwaukee 2,651
30 Orlando 2,642
31 Tampa 2,635
32 Cleveland 2,470
33 Boston 2,444
34 Louisville 2,324
35 Oklahoma City 2,301
36 Providence 2,300
37 Kansas City 2,297
38 Indianapolis 2,288
39 St. Louis 2,254
40 Cincinnati 2,155
41 Richmond 2,067
42 Memphis 2,066
43 Jacksonville 1,974
44 Raleigh 1,933
45 Atlanta 1,924
46 Nashville 1,908
47 Pittsburgh 1,856
48 Hartford 1,748
49 Charlotte 1,746
50 Birmingham 1,486
Largest City Share of MSA Population
Percent of total population, 2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1 San Antonio 60.9
2 Jacksonville 58.9
3 San Jose 51.5
4 Memphis 48.2
5 Louisville 47.8
6 Oklahoma City 46.5
7 Austin 44.5
8 San Diego 42.7
9 Columbus 42.4
10 Indianapolis 42.3
11 New York 42.0
12 Milwaukee 37.6
13 Nashville 34.6
14 Raleigh 34.4
15 Phoenix 34.2
16 Charlotte 34.0
17 Houston 33.2
18 New Orleans 30.8
19 Los Angeles 30.0
20 Las Vegas 28.9
21 Chicago 28.5
22 Portland 26.3
Peer Average 26.1
23 Virginia Beach 26.0
24 Philadelphia 26.0
25 Denver 24.4
26 Kansas City 22.9
27 Buffalo 22.7
28 Sacramento 21.7
29 Baltimore 21.5
30 Seattle 18.9
31 San Francisco 18.7
32 Cleveland 18.7
33 Birmingham 18.2
34 Dallas 17.8
35 Richmond 17.5
36 Salt Lake City 16.4
37 Detroit 15.5
38 Boston 14.2
39 Cincinnati 13.8
40 Pittsburgh 12.9
41 Tampa 12.5
42 Minneapolis 11.7
43 Washington, D.C. 11.2
44 Orlando 11.1
45 Providence 11.1
46 St. Louis 10.8
47 Hartford 10.2
48 Atlanta 8.4
49 Miami 7.6
50 Riverside 7.1
Change in Largest City Share of Population
Percentage difference, 2010-2018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1 New Orleans 1.9
2 Seattle 1.2
3 Columbus 0.9
4 Denver 0.9
5 Charlotte 0.8
6 Boston 0.7
7 Richmond 0.6
8 San Diego 0.6
9 Washington, D.C. 0.6
10 Los Angeles 0.5
11 Tampa 0.4
12 Miami 0.4
13 Philadelphia 0.4
14 Atlanta 0.3
15 Minneapolis 0.3
16 New York 0.3
17 Oklahoma City 0.2
18 Portland 0.1
19 San Francisco 0.1
20 Kansas City 0.1
21 Chicago -0.0
22 Pittsburgh -0.0
23 Sacramento -0.0
24 Providence -0.0
25 Riverside -0.1
26 Virginia Beach -0.1
27 Orlando -0.1
Peer Average -0.1
28 Hartford -0.1
29 Cincinnati -0.2
30 San Jose -0.3
31 Phoenix -0.3
32 Buffalo -0.3
33 Louisville -0.4
34 Cleveland -0.4
35 Birmingham -0.6
36 Milwaukee -0.6
37 St. Louis -0.7
38 Salt Lake City -0.7
39 Dallas -0.8
40 Memphis -1.0
41 Detroit -1.1
42 Las Vegas -1.1
43 San Antonio -1.1
44 Indianapolis -1.1
45 Raleigh -1.3
46 Baltimore -1.4
47 Nashville -1.5
48 Houston -2.1
49 Jacksonville -2.2
50 Austin -2.3
Rural Population
Percent of total population, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1 Birmingham 27.8
2 Nashville 22.4
3 Oklahoma City 19.4
4 Richmond 19.4
5 Pittsburgh 18.5
6 Charlotte 18.2
7 Louisville 17.3
8 Columbus 16.6
9 Raleigh 16.0
10 Cincinnati 15.9
11 Memphis 15.9
12 St. Louis 15.0
13 San Antonio 14.9
14 Hartford 14.4
15 Buffalo 13.9
16 Minneapolis 13.6
17 Austin 12.6
18 Kansas City 12.5
19 Indianapolis 12.0
20 Atlanta 11.9
21 Virginia Beach 10.9
22 Baltimore 10.6
23 Cleveland 9.9
24 Portland 9.8
25 Jacksonville 9.7
26 Providence 9.5
27 Milwaukee 8.8
28 Washington, D.C. 8.8
29 New Orleans 8.2
30 Dallas 8.0
31 Sacramento 7.7
32 Detroit 7.5
Peer Average 7.4
33 Houston 7.0
34 Philadelphia 6.5
35 Boston 6.5
36 Seattle 5.8
37 Denver 5.7
38 Riverside 5.4
39 Orlando 5.3
40 San Diego 4.4
41 Tampa 4.3
42 Phoenix 4.1
43 Chicago 3.0
44 New York 2.3
45 San Jose 2.0
46 Salt Lake City 1.8
47 Las Vegas 1.3
48 San Francisco 1.0
49 Los Angeles 0.7
50 Miami 0.6

Development in the St. Louis region is dispersed throughout the region. The large amount of developed land per capita is an indication of low density. This development pattern has led to lower housing costs relative to many other large metro regions but can increase transportation costs for families and make access to amenities more challenging. For further discussion, see the Developed Land per Capita performance indicator on OneSTL.

Land Area
In square miles, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1 Riverside 27,277
2 Phoenix 14,568
3 Atlanta 8,686
4 Dallas 8,675
5 Denver 8,345
6 Houston 8,269
7 Las Vegas 7,892
8 St. Louis 7,864
9 Salt Lake City 7,684
10 San Antonio 7,313
11 Kansas City 7,257
12 Chicago 7,195
13 Minneapolis 7,048
14 Portland 6,688
15 New York 6,684
16 Washington, D.C. 6,568
17 Seattle 5,870
18 Nashville 5,689
19 Charlotte 5,597
Peer Average 5,513
20 Oklahoma City 5,512
21 Pittsburgh 5,283
22 Sacramento 5,095
23 Miami 5,067
24 Los Angeles 4,852
25 Columbus 4,797
26 Philadelphia 4,603
27 Memphis 4,575
28 Cincinnati 4,546
29 Birmingham 4,489
30 Richmond 4,364
31 Indianapolis 4,307
32 Austin 4,220
33 San Diego 4,210
34 Detroit 3,892
35 Virginia Beach 3,530
36 Orlando 3,491
37 Boston 3,486
38 Louisville 3,237
39 New Orleans 3,203
40 Jacksonville 3,202
41 San Jose 2,680
42 Baltimore 2,602
43 Tampa 2,515
44 San Francisco 2,470
45 Raleigh 2,118
46 Cleveland 1,999
47 Providence 1,587
48 Buffalo 1,565
49 Hartford 1,515
50 Milwaukee 1,455
Developed Land per Capita
Developed acres per capita, 2021
Source: MRLS Consortium, National Land Cover Database; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1 Birmingham 0.40
2 Kansas City 0.32
3 Memphis 0.32
4 Pittsburgh 0.32
5 Oklahoma City 0.31
6 St. Louis 0.31
7 Nashville 0.30
8 Charlotte 0.29
9 Richmond 0.29
10 Louisville 0.28
11 Indianapolis 0.28
12 Cleveland 0.26
13 Jacksonville 0.26
14 Cincinnati 0.26
15 Columbus 0.25
16 Minneapolis 0.25
17 Hartford 0.24
18 Atlanta 0.24
19 Detroit 0.23
20 Raleigh 0.23
21 San Antonio 0.23
22 Milwaukee 0.22
23 Virginia Beach 0.22
24 Portland 0.22
25 Riverside 0.21
26 New Orleans 0.21
27 Buffalo 0.21
28 Houston 0.21
29 Orlando 0.20
30 Tampa 0.20
31 Providence 0.20
32 Austin 0.19
33 Dallas 0.19
34 Denver 0.19
Peer Average 0.18
35 Baltimore 0.18
36 Seattle 0.18
37 Sacramento 0.18
38 Phoenix 0.18
39 Salt Lake City 0.17
40 Chicago 0.17
41 Philadelphia 0.17
42 Boston 0.17
43 Washington, D.C. 0.16
44 San Diego 0.15
45 Miami 0.13
46 Las Vegas 0.13
47 San Jose 0.12
48 San Francisco 0.11
49 New York 0.10
50 Los Angeles 0.09
Change in Developed Land per Capita
Percent change in developed acres per capita, 2016-2021
Source: MRLS Consortium, National Land Cover Database; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1 Austin 7.6
2 Dallas 5.7
3 Houston 5.0
4 Raleigh 4.8
5 Phoenix 4.5
6 Las Vegas 4.4
7 Sacramento 4.1
8 San Antonio 4.0
9 Jacksonville 3.9
10 Denver 3.8
11 Salt Lake City 3.3
12 Orlando 3.1
13 Nashville 3.1
14 Oklahoma City 2.6
15 Charlotte 2.4
16 Indianapolis 2.3
17 Atlanta 2.2
Peer Average 2.0
18 Richmond 1.9
19 Washington, D.C. 1.9
20 Tampa 1.8
21 Columbus 1.7
22 Riverside 1.5
23 Louisville 1.5
24 Memphis 1.4
25 Kansas City 1.4
26 Cincinnati 1.3
27 New Orleans 1.2
28 Minneapolis 1.2
29 Portland 1.1
30 Virginia Beach 1.0
31 Miami 1.0
32 Baltimore 1.0
33 Seattle 1.0
34 Birmingham 1.0
35 Pittsburgh 0.9
36 Milwaukee 0.9
37 Providence 0.8
38 St. Louis 0.8
39 Philadelphia 0.7
40 San Jose 0.7
41 San Diego 0.7
42 Boston 0.7
43 Buffalo 0.6
44 Los Angeles 0.6
45 Hartford 0.6
46 Chicago 0.5
47 Detroit 0.5
48 Cleveland 0.5
49 San Francisco 0.4
50 New York 0.3
Rural Land Area
Percent of total land area in square miles, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1 Salt Lake City 95.8
2 Riverside 95.3
3 Las Vegas 94.2
4 Denver 91.6
5 Portland 91.3
6 Oklahoma City 90.9
7 Phoenix 90.8
8 San Antonio 90.1
9 Sacramento 88.8
10 Kansas City 88.5
11 Richmond 88.3
12 Memphis 88.1
13 Birmingham 87.9
14 San Jose 87.8
15 New Orleans 87.1
16 Columbus 86.9
17 St. Louis 86.5
18 Louisville 85.9
19 Nashville 85.8
20 Minneapolis 83.6
21 Austin 83.2
22 Virginia Beach 83.1
23 San Diego 82.8
24 Seattle 81.6
25 Indianapolis 81.2
Peer Average 81.0
26 Cincinnati 80.6
27 Pittsburgh 80.3
28 Charlotte 77.7
29 Jacksonville 77.0
30 Buffalo 76.2
31 Miami 75.3
32 Washington, D.C. 75.2
33 Dallas 73.9
34 Houston 73.4
35 Orlando 72.6
36 Raleigh 71.0
37 Atlanta 67.9
38 Baltimore 67.9
39 San Francisco 65.4
40 Chicago 63.1
41 Milwaukee 62.8
42 Cleveland 61.9
43 Detroit 61.5
44 Los Angeles 61.1
45 Hartford 60.8
46 Providence 58.4
47 Philadelphia 56.9
48 Tampa 54.1
49 New York 48.1
50 Boston 45.8

The St. Louis region has a relatively large amount of farmland compared to the peer regions. A majority of this land is used for crops while the remainder is woodland, pasture, and other land. Farmland is an important piece of the region’s environmental health as well as the economy.

Farmland
Acres of land in farms in thousands, 2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1 Dallas 4,082
2 San Antonio 3,657
3 Kansas City 3,126
4 St. Louis 2,780
5 Oklahoma City 2,509
6 Minneapolis 2,492
7 Denver 2,489
8 Houston 2,218
9 Chicago 2,147
10 Nashville 1,831
11 Austin 1,669
12 Columbus 1,666
13 Memphis 1,623
14 Indianapolis 1,603
15 Phoenix 1,595
16 Cincinnati 1,198
17 Washington, D.C. 1,147
Peer Average 1,136
18 Louisville 1,127
19 Sacramento 929
20 Charlotte 885
21 Atlanta 872
22 Orlando 853
23 San Jose 808
24 Pittsburgh 790
25 Richmond 669
26 Philadelphia 656
27 Portland 597
28 Miami 573
29 Detroit 550
30 San Francisco 525
31 Baltimore 520
32 Birmingham 510
33 Tampa 425
34 Salt Lake City 411
35 Raleigh 368
36 Virginia Beach 363
37 Riverside 332
38 Cleveland 310
39 Buffalo 283
40 New Orleans 263
41 San Diego 222
42 Boston 171
43 Seattle 151
44 Hartford 100
45 Los Angeles 90
46 Providence 89
Change in Farmland
Percent change in acres, 2012-2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1 Providence 20.6
2 New Orleans 14.5
3 Baltimore 5.8
4 Louisville 5.5
5 Virginia Beach 4.2
Peer Average 3.9
6 Memphis 3.1
7 Richmond 3.1
8 Cleveland 2.0
9 Atlanta 1.9
10 Oklahoma City 1.7
11 San Antonio 0.4
12 Philadelphia 0.4
13 San Diego 0.3
14 Sacramento 0.2
15 Dallas 0.2
16 San Francisco 0.1
17 Kansas City 0.1
18 Orlando -0.0
19 Denver -0.1
20 Birmingham -0.7
21 Buffalo -0.8
22 Detroit -1.4
23 Cincinnati -1.5
24 Nashville -2.0
25 San Jose -3.1
26 Pittsburgh -3.3
27 Salt Lake City -3.4
28 Phoenix -3.4
29 Washington, D.C. -3.8
30 Chicago -3.8
31 Minneapolis -4.1
32 St. Louis -4.6
33 Columbus -4.6
34 Austin -4.8
35 Indianapolis -5.1
36 Tampa -5.6
37 Charlotte -5.7
38 Miami -6.0
39 Raleigh -7.0
40 Portland -7.3
41 Seattle -9.4
42 Boston -10.3
43 Houston -17.2
44 Hartford -20.6
45 Riverside -21.2
46 Los Angeles -40.7
Organic Farms
Number of farms using organic practices, 2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1 San Diego 358
2 Riverside 228
3 Minneapolis 164
4 Sacramento 156
5 Portland 137
6 New York 123
7 San Francisco 99
8 Boston 93
9 San Jose 92
10 Columbus 86
11 Philadelphia 85
12 Seattle 81
13 Washington, D.C. 68
Peer Average 51
14 Cleveland 49
15 Chicago 49
16 Miami 45
17 Los Angeles 40
18 Pittsburgh 39
19 Providence 38
20 Buffalo 38
21 Detroit 35
22 Kansas City 30
23 Baltimore 29
24 Tampa 28
25 Cincinnati 26
26 Atlanta 25
27 Denver 24
28 Milwaukee 24
29 Nashville 23
30 Orlando 23
31 St. Louis 22
32 Indianapolis 22
33 Phoenix 22
34 Hartford 21
35 Raleigh 21
36 Houston 20
37 Austin 20
38 Dallas 15
39 Salt Lake City 11
40 Richmond 10
41 Charlotte 10
42 Virginia Beach 9
43 San Antonio 8
44 Louisville 8
45 Jacksonville 6
46 Memphis 4
47 Birmingham 3
48 Oklahoma City 2
49 Las Vegas 1
50 New Orleans 1

Housing

When it comes to housing, St. Louis is one of the most affordable large metropolitan regions in the country. However, black families are less likely than white families to own a home, more likely to be housing cost-burdened, and much more likely to live in areas of concentrated poverty. The region is also one of the most racially segregated among the peers. Where one lives is an important factor in many aspects of life including access to jobs and amenities, quality of schools, and exposure to crime. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The St. Louis region continues to have some of the lowest priced housing among the peer regions, even with an increase in prices that was similar to the national average over the past five years. The rate of homeownership in the region is one of the highest among the peers. However, black households are nearly twice as likely to rent as white households. Relative to the peers, the region has a high vacancy rate and a low rate of new housing starts.

Homeownership
Owner-occupied units as a percent of all occupied housing units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25003)
1 Detroit 71.5
2 Minneapolis 70.5
3 Pittsburgh 70.5
4 St. Louis 69.7
5 Birmingham 69.5
6 Louisville 69.2
7 Cincinnati 69.1
8 Raleigh 67.8
9 Salt Lake City 67.6
10 Richmond 67.6
11 Indianapolis 67.5
12 Baltimore 67.3
13 Jacksonville 67.2
14 Tampa 67.0
15 Philadelphia 66.9
16 Phoenix 66.7
17 Cleveland 66.6
18 Atlanta 66.5
19 Hartford 66.5
20 Buffalo 66.1
21 New Orleans 65.9
22 Charlotte 65.8
23 Riverside 65.8
24 Chicago 65.4
25 Kansas City 65.3
United States 65.2
26 Nashville 65.0
27 Denver 64.5
28 Virginia Beach 64.2
29 Washington, D.C. 63.9
30 San Antonio 63.5
31 Oklahoma City 63.3
32 Sacramento 62.8
33 Providence 62.8
34 Orlando 61.9
35 Portland 61.6
36 Boston 61.5
37 Columbus 61.2
38 Memphis 60.8
39 Houston 60.5
40 Dallas 60.2
41 Milwaukee 60.1
42 Miami 59.9
43 Seattle 59.8
44 Austin 58.8
45 Las Vegas 57.8
46 San Francisco 56.2
47 San Jose 54.9
48 San Diego 54.5
49 New York 51.7
50 Los Angeles 47.9
Racial Disparity in Homeownership
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, owner-occupied units as a percent of all occupied units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Milwaukee 2.69
2 Minneapolis 2.50
3 Portland 2.35
4 Pittsburgh 2.16
5 Columbus 2.10
6 Seattle 2.09
7 Cincinnati 2.08
8 Las Vegas 2.06
9 San Diego 2.05
10 Louisville 1.97
11 New York 1.95
12 Cleveland 1.90
13 Oklahoma City 1.89
14 San Francisco 1.88
15 Kansas City 1.84
16 Buffalo 1.83
17 Phoenix 1.82
18 Chicago 1.81
19 Boston 1.81
20 Indianapolis 1.81
21 Los Angeles 1.80
22 Dallas 1.77
23 St. Louis 1.75
24 Detroit 1.73
25 Charlotte 1.71
26 Houston 1.68
27 Sacramento 1.68
28 Memphis 1.68
29 Hartford 1.67
30 Riverside 1.67
United States 1.65
31 Baltimore 1.64
32 Nashville 1.64
33 San Antonio 1.63
34 Denver 1.63
35 Providence 1.62
36 Tampa 1.58
37 Virginia Beach 1.58
38 Miami 1.57
39 Philadelphia 1.56
40 Jacksonville 1.55
41 Austin 1.55
42 Birmingham 1.54
43 Orlando 1.53
44 New Orleans 1.52
45 Raleigh 1.49
46 Atlanta 1.45
47 Richmond 1.40
48 Washington, D.C. 1.36
Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
In thousands of dollars, 2018
Source: National Association of Realtors
1 San Jose 1,340.0
2 San Francisco 987.5
3 San Diego 634.0
4 Seattle 501.4
5 Boston 477.4
6 Denver 449.9
7 Washington, D.C. 424.0
8 New York 410.0
9 Portland 395.7
10 Sacramento 365.0
11 Riverside 360.0
12 Miami 350.0
13 Salt Lake City 331.7
14 Austin 315.9
15 Providence 292.5
16 Las Vegas 288.8
17 Baltimore 285.6
18 Raleigh 283.6
19 Minneapolis 273.4
20 Phoenix 269.8
21 Orlando 265.0
United States 261.6
22 Nashville 260.5
23 Dallas 260.0
24 Chicago 259.4
25 Richmond 258.8
26 Milwaukee 250.3
27 Jacksonville 247.0
28 Charlotte 241.5
29 Houston 238.8
30 Tampa 235.0
31 Hartford 235.0
32 Philadelphia 229.0
33 San Antonio 228.1
34 Atlanta 219.9
35 Virginia Beach 219.0
36 New Orleans 210.1
37 Birmingham 207.3
38 Kansas City 206.5
39 Columbus 201.8
40 Indianapolis 187.1
41 Louisville 180.1
42 Memphis 177.9
43 St. Louis 177.5
44 Cincinnati 174.3
45 Oklahoma City 159.5
46 Cleveland 153.3
47 Buffalo 152.8
Change in Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
Percent change, 2013-2018, adjusted to 2018 dollars
Source: National Association of Realtors; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 San Jose 59.4
2 Las Vegas 54.2
3 Orlando 53.3
4 Tampa 52.7
5 Denver 48.7
6 Atlanta 46.2
7 Jacksonville 42.5
8 Sacramento 41.4
9 Riverside 38.3
10 Seattle 38.3
11 Portland 38.3
12 Dallas 37.4
13 Nashville 37.0
14 San Francisco 36.8
15 Phoenix 36.3
16 Raleigh 33.6
17 Salt Lake City 33.4
18 Miami 32.0
19 Austin 31.5
20 Columbus 31.1
21 Minneapolis 29.3
22 Charlotte 28.6
23 Memphis 27.5
24 Indianapolis 27.0
25 San Diego 26.7
26 Chicago 25.8
27 Kansas City 23.8
28 San Antonio 23.8
United States 22.9
29 St. Louis 22.6
30 Houston 22.2
31 Cleveland 20.8
32 Louisville 19.8
33 Cincinnati 19.3
34 New Orleans 18.3
35 Boston 17.8
36 Providence 17.6
37 Birmingham 16.5
38 Richmond 15.7
39 Milwaukee 15.7
40 Buffalo 8.2
41 Virginia Beach 5.3
42 Baltimore 5.2
43 Washington, D.C. 3.0
44 New York -2.9
45 Oklahoma City -3.3
46 Philadelphia -3.6
47 Hartford -4.0
Housing Units
Housing units per 1,000 population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002,B03002)
1 Pittsburgh 482.8
2 Cleveland 471.2
3 Buffalo 466.6
4 New Orleans 465.8
5 Tampa 459.7
6 St. Louis 454.6
7 Milwaukee 447.3
8 Birmingham 445.1
9 Louisville 443.4
10 Detroit 440.9
11 Miami 437.1
12 Jacksonville 436.9
13 Providence 436.8
14 Kansas City 434.6
15 Nashville 434.6
16 Austin 432.9
17 Denver 432.4
18 Hartford 432.2
19 Memphis 431.7
United States 431.4
20 Cincinnati 428.9
21 Columbus 428.5
22 Indianapolis 428.4
23 Virginia Beach 427.6
24 Oklahoma City 427.0
25 Richmond 425.3
26 Portland 424.6
27 Seattle 423.8
28 Baltimore 423.6
29 Charlotte 423.4
30 Philadelphia 422.1
31 Boston 421.2
32 Minneapolis 420.6
33 Chicago 420.3
34 Raleigh 415.5
35 Orlando 414.8
36 New York 411.6
37 Phoenix 411.4
38 San Francisco 410.0
39 Las Vegas 409.4
40 Washington, D.C. 400.0
41 Atlanta 399.9
42 San Antonio 398.2
43 Sacramento 395.5
44 Houston 393.8
45 Dallas 389.8
46 San Diego 380.7
47 Salt Lake City 376.0
48 Los Angeles 372.0
49 San Jose 370.6
50 Riverside 345.0
Change in Housing Units
Percent change in housing units per 1,000 population, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002,B03002)
1 Austin 8.6
2 Los Angeles 7.4
3 San Jose 6.8
4 Nashville 5.3
5 Chicago 5.2
6 Denver 5.0
7 Salt Lake City 4.8
8 San Francisco 4.6
9 Virginia Beach 4.4
10 Milwaukee 4.4
11 San Antonio 4.3
12 Portland 4.2
13 New York 4.2
14 Philadelphia 4.1
15 Memphis 3.8
16 New Orleans 3.6
17 Charlotte 3.5
18 Boston 3.5
19 Raleigh 3.5
20 Washington, D.C. 3.5
21 Hartford 3.4
22 San Diego 3.3
23 Pittsburgh 3.3
24 Houston 3.3
25 St. Louis 3.2
26 Minneapolis 3.1
27 Louisville 2.5
28 Baltimore 2.3
United States 2.2
29 Miami 2.0
30 Buffalo 1.9
31 Cleveland 1.8
32 Richmond 1.8
33 Seattle 1.8
34 Dallas 1.7
35 Oklahoma City 1.6
36 Kansas City 1.3
37 Providence 0.9
38 Columbus 0.8
39 Birmingham 0.6
40 Indianapolis 0.6
41 Detroit 0.5
42 Atlanta 0.1
43 Cincinnati -0.1
44 Jacksonville -0.2
45 Riverside -0.3
46 Sacramento -0.6
47 Phoenix -2.0
48 Orlando -3.1
49 Las Vegas -3.7
50 Tampa -4.0
Vacancy Rate
Vacant units as a percent of all housing units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002)
1 New Orleans 13.9
2 Miami 12.6
3 Tampa 12.1
4 Birmingham 10.7
5 Riverside 10.3
6 Pittsburgh 9.9
7 Las Vegas 9.8
8 Memphis 9.7
United States 9.7
9 Raleigh 9.3
10 Oklahoma City 8.6
11 Phoenix 8.4
12 Cleveland 8.3
13 Jacksonville 8.2
14 St. Louis 8.2
15 Orlando 8.0
16 Detroit 8.0
17 San Antonio 8.0
18 Sacramento 7.4
19 San Francisco 7.4
20 New York 7.4
21 Virginia Beach 7.4
22 Houston 7.2
23 Indianapolis 7.1
24 Atlanta 7.1
25 Providence 7.0
26 Charlotte 6.9
27 Buffalo 6.7
28 Columbus 6.6
29 Kansas City 6.6
30 Nashville 6.5
31 Hartford 6.4
32 Baltimore 6.2
33 Milwaukee 6.2
34 Chicago 6.1
35 Dallas 6.1
36 San Diego 6.0
37 Los Angeles 6.0
38 Louisville 6.0
39 Salt Lake City 5.9
40 Cincinnati 5.8
41 San Jose 5.8
42 Seattle 5.7
43 Philadelphia 5.7
44 Boston 5.6
45 Richmond 5.6
46 Denver 5.2
47 Portland 5.0
48 Washington, D.C. 5.0
49 Austin 4.6
50 Minneapolis 4.5
Change in Vacancy Rate
Percentage point change in vacant units as a percent of all housing units, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002)
1 San Jose 2.2
2 Raleigh 2.1
3 San Francisco 1.3
4 Pittsburgh -0.2
5 New Orleans -0.5
6 Minneapolis -0.6
7 Milwaukee -0.8
8 Denver -0.8
9 Hartford -1.1
10 Boston -1.2
11 Portland -1.2
12 Seattle -1.3
13 New York -1.7
14 San Diego -1.7
15 San Antonio -1.9
16 Washington, D.C. -2.0
17 Dallas -2.2
18 Birmingham -2.2
19 St. Louis -2.4
20 Nashville -2.4
21 Oklahoma City -2.4
22 Virginia Beach -2.5
23 Sacramento -2.5
24 Salt Lake City -2.7
25 Memphis -2.7
26 Charlotte -2.8
United States -2.8
27 Philadelphia -2.9
28 Baltimore -3.0
29 Kansas City -3.0
30 Buffalo -3.1
31 Providence -3.2
32 Columbus -3.3
33 Louisville -3.4
34 Chicago -3.6
35 Cleveland -3.7
36 Austin -3.8
37 Indianapolis -3.8
38 Houston -4.0
39 Riverside -4.2
40 Atlanta -4.5
41 Detroit -4.6
42 Tampa -4.6
43 Cincinnati -4.6
44 Richmond -5.3
45 Miami -5.4
46 Las Vegas -5.9
47 Phoenix -6.3
48 Jacksonville -7.4
49 Orlando -10.1
Housing Permits
New permitted units per 1,000 units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey and American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25001)
1 Austin 42.5
2 Raleigh 36.2
3 Nashville 32.8
4 Jacksonville 32.6
5 Houston 26.8
6 Dallas 25.8
7 Orlando 25.7
8 Charlotte 23.9
9 San Antonio 23.5
10 Phoenix 23.3
11 Salt Lake City 21.7
12 Tampa 20.1
13 Atlanta 19.6
14 Richmond 18.6
15 Denver 18.6
16 Seattle 15.9
17 Minneapolis 15.5
18 Indianapolis 14.1
19 Las Vegas 14.0
20 Columbus 13.3
21 Washington, D.C. 12.8
22 Portland 12.3
23 Kansas City 11.8
United States 11.7
24 San Jose 11.5
25 Sacramento 11.4
26 Oklahoma City 11.2
27 Riverside 10.5
28 Louisville 9.7
29 Birmingham 8.4
30 Virginia Beach 8.2
31 San Diego 7.6
32 Memphis 7.5
33 Miami 7.5
34 New York 7.3
35 New Orleans 7.2
36 St. Louis 7.2
37 Boston 7.1
38 Los Angeles 6.8
39 Cincinnati 6.4
40 San Francisco 6.0
41 Philadelphia 5.5
42 Baltimore 5.5
43 Pittsburgh 5.0
44 Milwaukee 4.6
45 Chicago 4.5
46 Detroit 4.2
47 Cleveland 3.8
48 Hartford 3.7
49 Buffalo 3.0
50 Providence 2.9
Change in Housing Permits
Percent change in new permitted units, 2017-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
1 San Antonio 94.5
2 Jacksonville 78.8
3 Houston 78.6
4 Tampa 64.1
5 Phoenix 61.3
6 Austin 58.7
7 Minneapolis 57.4
8 Birmingham 54.7
9 Raleigh 52.1
10 Orlando 50.4
11 Richmond 47.3
12 Atlanta 42.2
13 Indianapolis 40.8
14 New Orleans 40.5
15 Salt Lake City 37.1
16 Nashville 37.1
17 Columbus 36.9
18 Pittsburgh 30.9
United States 29.9
19 Oklahoma City 27.5
20 Hartford 27.2
21 St. Louis 25.2
22 Dallas 25.0
23 New York 19.0
24 Charlotte 18.8
25 Washington, D.C. 18.6
26 Cleveland 15.7
27 Riverside 14.1
28 Kansas City 13.9
29 Sacramento 13.6
30 Memphis 11.5
31 Philadelphia 6.4
32 Providence 5.6
33 Los Angeles 4.6
34 Denver 3.3
35 Miami 1.5
36 Virginia Beach 0.4
37 Boston -2.1
38 Seattle -2.5
39 Buffalo -3.6
40 Baltimore -3.7
41 San Jose -3.9
42 Cincinnati -4.6
43 Louisville -4.9
44 Las Vegas -7.2
45 San Diego -10.5
46 Milwaukee -13.5
47 Portland -18.8
48 Chicago -20.3
49 Detroit -21.3
50 San Francisco -33.9

Despite relatively affordable housing, St. Louis has a substantial number of homeowners as well as renters paying more than 30 percent of their income on housing. A larger proportion of black owners and renters are cost-burdened compared to their white counterparts.

Housing Cost-Burdened Owners
Owners paying at least 30% of income on housing as a percent of all homeowners, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25091)
1 Miami 33.7
2 Los Angeles 33.6
3 Riverside 32.4
4 San Diego 32.1
5 New York 31.9
6 San Francisco 28.8
7 Sacramento 27.7
8 Boston 26.5
9 Orlando 26.4
10 San Jose 26.0
11 Portland 25.7
12 Tampa 25.7
13 Las Vegas 25.7
14 Chicago 25.0
15 Virginia Beach 24.9
16 Seattle 24.9
17 Providence 24.8
18 New Orleans 24.7
19 San Antonio 24.7
20 Denver 24.2
21 Houston 23.8
22 Dallas 23.7
23 Philadelphia 23.2
24 Hartford 23.0
25 Baltimore 22.8
United States 22.8
26 Jacksonville 21.9
27 Washington, D.C. 21.9
28 Austin 21.9
29 Detroit 21.3
30 Memphis 21.0
31 Milwaukee 20.7
32 Phoenix 20.5
33 Kansas City 20.5
34 Atlanta 20.4
35 Minneapolis 20.1
36 Nashville 20.1
37 Cleveland 20.0
38 Oklahoma City 19.7
39 Salt Lake City 19.3
40 Richmond 19.3
41 Buffalo 19.1
42 Louisville 18.8
43 Columbus 18.4
44 Charlotte 18.3
45 Birmingham 17.7
46 St. Louis 17.7
47 Indianapolis 17.7
48 Cincinnati 17.6
49 Pittsburgh 17.2
50 Raleigh 17.0
Racial Disparity in Housing Cost-Burdened Owners
Ratio of percent of black to percent of white owners paying at least 30% of income on housing, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Milwaukee 1.98
2 Raleigh 1.86
3 Indianapolis 1.70
4 Kansas City 1.70
5 Cleveland 1.68
6 Denver 1.65
7 Pittsburgh 1.65
8 Memphis 1.65
9 Boston 1.61
10 Richmond 1.58
11 Detroit 1.57
12 Orlando 1.57
13 Cincinnati 1.53
14 San Francisco 1.51
15 Virginia Beach 1.50
16 Hartford 1.49
17 Baltimore 1.47
18 Charlotte 1.45
19 St. Louis 1.45
20 Columbus 1.44
21 Atlanta 1.42
22 Chicago 1.42
23 Minneapolis 1.40
United States 1.39
24 San Diego 1.38
25 New Orleans 1.37
26 Birmingham 1.36
27 Philadelphia 1.36
28 Dallas 1.36
29 Buffalo 1.35
30 Nashville 1.34
31 New York 1.33
32 Washington, D.C. 1.33
33 Houston 1.33
34 Oklahoma City 1.32
35 Miami 1.32
36 Los Angeles 1.30
37 San Antonio 1.29
38 Las Vegas 1.28
39 Jacksonville 1.25
40 Phoenix 1.23
41 Louisville 1.23
42 Riverside 1.22
43 Portland 1.17
44 Tampa 1.17
45 Seattle 1.16
46 Austin 1.16
47 Sacramento 1.16
48 Providence 0.98
Housing Cost-Burdened Renters
Renters paying at least 30% of income on housing as a percent of all renters, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25070)
1 Miami 64.6
2 Orlando 60.6
3 Riverside 60.2
4 Sacramento 59.1
5 Las Vegas 58.3
6 San Diego 58.3
7 Los Angeles 58.2
8 New Orleans 58.2
9 Tampa 57.6
10 Virginia Beach 55.7
11 San Antonio 55.4
12 Birmingham 54.2
13 Memphis 53.9
14 Phoenix 53.9
15 Richmond 53.7
16 Houston 53.5
17 Dallas 53.5
18 Boston 53.3
19 Jacksonville 53.2
20 Atlanta 53.2
21 Hartford 53.0
22 Baltimore 53.0
23 Portland 52.6
24 New York 52.6
25 Denver 52.0
United States 51.9
26 Philadelphia 51.8
27 Detroit 51.7
28 Nashville 51.2
29 Minneapolis 51.0
30 Indianapolis 50.5
31 Chicago 50.4
32 Cleveland 50.1
33 Oklahoma City 50.1
34 Seattle 50.0
35 Charlotte 49.9
36 Buffalo 49.7
37 Milwaukee 49.5
38 Salt Lake City 49.2
39 Louisville 49.1
40 San Francisco 48.9
41 Providence 48.6
42 Austin 48.5
43 Raleigh 48.3
44 Washington, D.C. 47.8
45 Columbus 47.3
46 Kansas City 46.7
47 St. Louis 46.6
48 Cincinnati 46.5
49 San Jose 45.7
50 Pittsburgh 43.2
Racial Disparity in Housing Cost-Burdened Renters
Ratio of percent of black to percent of white renters paying at least 30% of income on housing, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 San Francisco 1.43
2 Cincinnati 1.43
3 Raleigh 1.42
4 Indianapolis 1.39
5 Hartford 1.39
6 Buffalo 1.38
7 Atlanta 1.33
8 Charlotte 1.33
9 Oklahoma City 1.33
10 Phoenix 1.32
11 Seattle 1.31
12 Dallas 1.30
13 San Antonio 1.30
14 Chicago 1.30
15 Pittsburgh 1.29
16 Kansas City 1.28
17 Richmond 1.28
18 Denver 1.28
19 Boston 1.25
20 San Diego 1.24
21 Washington, D.C. 1.24
22 Houston 1.23
23 St. Louis 1.22
24 Tampa 1.21
25 Minneapolis 1.21
United States 1.21
26 Philadelphia 1.20
27 New Orleans 1.20
28 Las Vegas 1.20
29 Miami 1.20
30 Sacramento 1.19
31 Memphis 1.19
32 Baltimore 1.19
33 Milwaukee 1.19
34 Virginia Beach 1.18
35 Orlando 1.17
36 New York 1.16
37 Columbus 1.16
38 Austin 1.16
39 Cleveland 1.16
40 Los Angeles 1.15
41 Detroit 1.14
42 Riverside 1.10
43 Nashville 1.09
44 Portland 1.09
45 Birmingham 1.08
46 Louisville 1.08
47 Jacksonville 1.04
48 Providence 0.85
Median Monthly Housing Costs
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25105)
1 San Jose 2,724
2 San Francisco 2,473
3 San Diego 2,153
4 Boston 2,006
5 Los Angeles 1,988
6 Washington, D.C. 1,985
7 Seattle 1,962
8 New York 1,861
9 Denver 1,799
10 Sacramento 1,755
11 Riverside 1,732
12 Austin 1,695
13 Portland 1,659
14 Miami 1,609
15 Baltimore 1,550
16 Dallas 1,540
17 Minneapolis 1,498
18 Salt Lake City 1,485
19 Orlando 1,481
20 Atlanta 1,474
21 Hartford 1,466
22 Phoenix 1,443
23 Las Vegas 1,442
24 Chicago 1,438
25 Raleigh 1,434
26 Philadelphia 1,433
27 Providence 1,424
28 Virginia Beach 1,420
29 Nashville 1,375
30 Houston 1,375
31 Jacksonville 1,351
32 Richmond 1,335
33 Tampa 1,327
34 San Antonio 1,282
35 Charlotte 1,280
United States 1,268
36 Columbus 1,246
37 Kansas City 1,217
38 Milwaukee 1,177
39 Indianapolis 1,135
40 New Orleans 1,133
41 Detroit 1,123
42 Memphis 1,120
43 Cincinnati 1,103
44 St. Louis 1,102
45 Oklahoma City 1,074
46 Louisville 1,073
47 Cleveland 1,038
48 Birmingham 1,032
49 Buffalo 1,016
50 Pittsburgh 973
Median Monthly Rent
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25064)
1 San Jose 2,601
2 San Francisco 2,300
3 San Diego 2,045
4 Los Angeles 1,887
5 Washington, D.C. 1,864
6 Boston 1,859
7 Seattle 1,848
8 Denver 1,749
9 Miami 1,712
10 Riverside 1,707
11 Sacramento 1,699
12 New York 1,685
13 Phoenix 1,616
14 Orlando 1,611
15 Austin 1,599
16 Portland 1,555
17 Atlanta 1,549
18 Las Vegas 1,485
19 Tampa 1,477
20 Dallas 1,467
21 Baltimore 1,461
22 Jacksonville 1,443
23 Salt Lake City 1,431
24 Raleigh 1,424
25 Nashville 1,413
26 Virginia Beach 1,365
27 Philadelphia 1,358
28 Charlotte 1,355
29 Minneapolis 1,355
30 Houston 1,317
United States 1,300
31 Richmond 1,298
32 Chicago 1,294
33 Hartford 1,268
34 San Antonio 1,263
35 Providence 1,201
36 Columbus 1,186
37 Kansas City 1,157
38 New Orleans 1,148
39 Memphis 1,132
40 Detroit 1,121
41 Indianapolis 1,092
42 Birmingham 1,082
43 Milwaukee 1,054
44 St. Louis 1,036
45 Louisville 1,029
46 Oklahoma City 1,027
47 Cincinnati 996
48 Buffalo 980
49 Cleveland 970
50 Pittsburgh 964
Housing Affordability
Median housing costs as a percent of median household income, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25105, B19013)
1 Miami 27.3
2 Los Angeles 27.2
3 San Diego 26.1
4 Riverside 25.1
5 Orlando 24.7
6 Las Vegas 24.4
7 New York 24.4
8 Sacramento 23.6
9 San Francisco 23.2
10 Boston 23.1
11 Tampa 23.0
12 Virginia Beach 22.9
13 Dallas 22.3
14 Portland 22.3
15 New Orleans 22.1
16 Houston 22.0
17 Seattle 22.0
18 San Jose 22.0
19 Denver 21.8
20 San Antonio 21.8
21 Austin 21.5
22 Memphis 21.0
23 Jacksonville 20.9
24 Providence 20.9
25 Phoenix 20.9
26 Atlanta 20.8
27 Chicago 20.8
28 Nashville 20.6
29 Baltimore 20.6
30 Hartford 20.5
31 Philadelphia 20.4
United States 20.4
32 Washington, D.C. 20.3
33 Milwaukee 19.9
34 Charlotte 19.9
35 Columbus 19.7
36 Richmond 19.7
37 Minneapolis 19.7
38 Oklahoma City 19.4
39 Kansas City 19.4
40 Salt Lake City 19.4
41 Cleveland 19.1
42 Detroit 18.9
43 Raleigh 18.6
44 Louisville 18.5
45 Birmingham 18.4
46 Indianapolis 18.0
47 Buffalo 17.7
48 St. Louis 17.7
49 Cincinnati 17.6
50 Pittsburgh 16.5
Housing Plus Transportation Affordability
Transportation and housing costs as a percent of median household income, 2015-2019
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
1 Miami 58
2 Riverside 57
3 Los Angeles 55
4 Orlando 54
5 Memphis 54
6 New Orleans 54
7 Tampa 53
8 San Diego 53
9 Las Vegas 51
10 Sacramento 51
11 Jacksonville 50
12 Birmingham 50
13 San Antonio 50
14 Phoenix 49
15 Oklahoma City 49
16 Cleveland 49
17 Louisville 48
18 Detroit 48
19 Houston 48
20 Charlotte 48
21 Virginia Beach 48
Peer Average 48
22 Philadelphia 47
23 Portland 47
24 Providence 47
25 Atlanta 47
26 Nashville 47
27 Buffalo 47
28 Milwaukee 47
29 Chicago 47
30 Dallas 47
31 New York 46
32 Richmond 46
33 St. Louis 46
34 Cincinnati 46
35 Austin 46
36 Columbus 46
37 Pittsburgh 46
38 Indianapolis 46
39 Kansas City 46
40 Hartford 45
41 Salt Lake City 45
42 Denver 44
43 Seattle 44
44 Boston 44
45 Raleigh 43
46 Baltimore 43
47 San Francisco 42
48 San Jose 42
49 Minneapolis 42
50 Washington, D.C. 39

St. Louis is one of the most racially segregated regions among the peers. The dissimilarity index is a standard measure of segregation. A score of 0 would mean a region is completely integrated and a score of 100 would mean a community is completely segregated. Black residents are much more likely to live in areas of concentrated poverty—where 40 percent or more of the residents live in poverty. See Where We Stand 7th Edition, Update 3 and Update 4 for further discussion.

Racial Segregation
Black-White segregation scores based on the dissimilarity index, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B03002)
1 Milwaukee 78.7
2 New York 75.3
3 Chicago 74.2
4 Cleveland 73.1
5 Detroit 72.1
6 St. Louis 70.6
7 Buffalo 69.3
8 Philadelphia 66.8
9 Cincinnati 66.4
10 Los Angeles 65.7
United States 65.6
11 Pittsburgh 64.8
12 Miami 64.6
13 Hartford 64.5
14 Boston 63.7
15 Indianapolis 63.6
16 Denver 63.3
17 Birmingham 62.9
18 Columbus 62.7
19 New Orleans 61.9
20 Baltimore 61.9
21 Washington, D.C. 61.1
22 Memphis 61.0
23 Atlanta 60.4
24 San Francisco 59.9
25 Houston 59.9
26 Louisville 57.8
27 Kansas City 57.7
28 Sacramento 57.7
29 Providence 56.2
30 Minneapolis 56.1
31 Salt Lake City 55.3
32 Dallas 54.8
33 Jacksonville 54.7
34 San Diego 54.2
35 Orlando 53.3
36 Tampa 53.2
37 Nashville 52.9
38 Seattle 52.6
39 Charlotte 52.6
40 Richmond 52.3
41 Oklahoma City 51.5
42 Portland 50.7
43 Phoenix 50.3
44 San Antonio 49.7
45 San Jose 49.7
46 Austin 48.5
47 Virginia Beach 48.2
48 Riverside 48.1
49 Raleigh 42.9
50 Las Vegas 42.3
Concentrated Poverty
Percent of poor residents living in census tracts with a poverty rate of 40% or more, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B17001)
1 Memphis 23.2
2 Milwaukee 20.9
3 Detroit 20.3
4 Cleveland 20.2
5 Buffalo 18.8
6 Cincinnati 17.9
7 New Orleans 17.1
8 Philadelphia 14.8
9 Birmingham 13.7
10 Louisville 13.5
11 New York 13.2
12 Columbus 13.2
13 Houston 10.9
14 Baltimore 9.1
United States 9.0
15 Hartford 8.9
16 Chicago 8.6
17 Indianapolis 8.5
18 Richmond 8.3
19 Jacksonville 8.2
20 St. Louis 8.2
21 Oklahoma City 8.1
22 Austin 7.5
23 Pittsburgh 7.1
24 Dallas 6.9
25 Minneapolis 6.9
26 San Antonio 6.2
27 Atlanta 5.7
28 Virginia Beach 5.6
29 Miami 5.3
30 Kansas City 4.6
31 Sacramento 4.5
32 Charlotte 4.1
33 Las Vegas 4.0
34 Nashville 3.9
35 Phoenix 3.9
36 Tampa 3.8
37 Los Angeles 3.4
38 Boston 3.4
39 San Diego 3.3
40 San Francisco 3.3
41 Orlando 3.2
42 Raleigh 2.8
43 Providence 2.5
44 Washington, D.C. 1.8
45 Seattle 1.7
46 Portland 1.2
47 Riverside 1.0
48 San Jose 0.6
49 Denver 0.3
50 Salt Lake City 0.2
Racial Disparity in Concentrated Poverty
Ratio of black to non-Hispanic white residents, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B17001, B17001B, B17001H)
1 Nashville 24.36
2 Denver 19.03
3 St. Louis 15.39
4 Jacksonville 9.88
5 Chicago 9.00
6 Kansas City 8.71
7 Miami 8.62
8 Birmingham 7.24
9 Hartford 6.97
10 New Orleans 6.68
11 San Jose 6.41
12 Buffalo 6.34
13 Memphis 6.31
14 Baltimore 5.82
15 Virginia Beach 5.49
16 Cleveland 5.12
17 Tampa 4.90
18 Houston 4.63
19 Riverside 4.61
20 Louisville 4.57
21 Dallas 4.52
22 Milwaukee 4.42
23 San Antonio 4.06
24 Richmond 4.00
25 Phoenix 3.88
26 Philadelphia 3.73
27 Atlanta 3.73
28 Charlotte 3.69
29 Detroit 3.66
30 Providence 3.35
31 Boston 3.32
United States 3.01
32 Indianapolis 2.96
33 Pittsburgh 2.91
34 Cincinnati 2.89
35 Orlando 2.83
36 Las Vegas 2.77
37 Los Angeles 2.39
38 Oklahoma City 2.39
39 Washington, D.C. 2.15
40 Minneapolis 2.00
41 Columbus 1.79
42 New York 1.44
43 Seattle 1.07
44 Portland 0.89
45 Austin 0.79
46 San Diego 0.54
47 Sacramento 0.42
48 San Francisco 0.40
49 Raleigh 0.28
50 Salt Lake City 0.00

Transportation

The region’s transportation network provides assets important to the growth of St. Louis, including an extensive road network—serving residents, businesses, and freight—and low congestion relative to the peer regions. The region’s challenges in this section include relatively high crash fatalities and lack of access for non-auto commuters. For further discussion, see the performance indicators in the Connected Theme on OneSTL. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

St. Louis has an extensive road network with a larger number of lane miles per square mile than the average for the peer regions. Residents in St. Louis drive more miles, on average, than their counterparts in most of the peer regions. The average vehicle miles traveled decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic and has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. The fourth table indicates St. Louis has a relatively large percentage of bridge deck area that is in poor or worse condition.

Road Network
Freeway lane miles per urbanized area square mile, 2020
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Salt Lake City 4.0
2 Los Angeles 2.9
3 Baltimore 2.5
4 San Jose 2.5
5 Dallas 2.4
6 San Antonio 2.4
7 Houston 2.1
8 Washington, D.C. 2.1
9 Austin 2.0
10 San Diego 2.0
11 San Francisco 1.9
12 Cleveland 1.8
13 Miami 1.8
14 Kansas City 1.8
15 St. Louis 1.8
16 Riverside 1.7
17 Denver 1.7
18 Richmond 1.6
19 New York 1.6
20 Milwaukee 1.5
21 Sacramento 1.5
22 Seattle 1.5
Peer Average 1.4
23 Columbus 1.4
24 Orlando 1.4
25 Cincinnati 1.4
26 Phoenix 1.4
27 Birmingham 1.4
28 Hartford 1.4
29 Louisville 1.3
30 New Orleans 1.3
31 Oklahoma City 1.3
32 Jacksonville 1.3
33 Detroit 1.3
34 Minneapolis 1.3
35 Portland 1.2
36 Charlotte 1.2
37 Nashville 1.2
38 Providence 1.1
39 Indianapolis 1.1
40 Buffalo 1.1
41 Philadelphia 1.1
42 Memphis 1.1
43 Boston 1.0
44 Pittsburgh 1.0
45 Las Vegas 1.0
46 Tampa 0.9
47 Atlanta 0.8
48 Chicago 0.8
49 Raleigh 0.8
50 Virginia Beach 0.6
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Average daily VMT per capita on freeways and arterials, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Nashville 26.6
2 Birmingham 24.2
3 Memphis 20.7
4 Kansas City 20.3
5 Richmond 20.2
6 Atlanta 19.8
7 St. Louis 19.5
8 Jacksonville 19.5
9 Raleigh 18.9
10 Charlotte 18.5
11 San Antonio 18.1
12 Oklahoma City 18.1
13 Houston 18.0
14 Dallas 17.7
15 Indianapolis 17.3
16 Cincinnati 16.9
17 Orlando 16.9
18 Hartford 16.5
19 Milwaukee 16.4
20 Minneapolis 16.3
21 Denver 16.2
22 Columbus 16.2
23 Virginia Beach 16.1
Peer Average 16.0
24 Riverside 16.0
25 Phoenix 15.9
26 Austin 15.9
27 Tampa 15.9
28 Salt Lake City 15.8
29 Detroit 15.7
30 San Diego 15.6
31 Los Angeles 15.4
32 Cleveland 15.3
33 Boston 15.3
34 Baltimore 15.1
35 Sacramento 14.3
36 Buffalo 13.7
37 Louisville 13.7
38 Miami 13.7
39 Washington, D.C. 13.5
40 Providence 13.4
41 Pittsburgh 13.2
42 Seattle 13.1
43 Chicago 12.2
44 Las Vegas 12.0
45 Philadelphia 12.0
46 San Francisco 11.9
47 San Jose 11.8
48 Portland 11.7
49 New Orleans 11.1
50 New York 9.0
Change in Vehicle Miles Traveled
Percent change in average daily VMT per capita, 2000-2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Raleigh 39.3
2 Nashville 11.1
3 Buffalo 6.9
4 Memphis 6.6
5 Charlotte 5.1
6 Birmingham 1.3
7 Tampa 0.6
8 Salt Lake City -2.1
9 San Antonio -2.2
10 Cleveland -2.6
11 Milwaukee -3.5
12 Cincinnati -5.1
13 Las Vegas -6.6
14 Phoenix -7.3
15 St. Louis -8.2
16 Jacksonville -8.4
17 Richmond -9.5
18 Riverside -9.6
19 Boston -9.7
20 Kansas City -9.8
21 Austin -10.8
22 New Orleans -12.2
23 Miami -12.2
24 Philadelphia -12.3
25 Atlanta -12.8
Peer Average -12.9
26 Virginia Beach -13.1
27 Hartford -13.4
28 Sacramento -14.0
29 Baltimore -15.3
30 Columbus -15.6
31 Denver -16.3
32 Houston -16.8
33 New York -16.9
34 Pittsburgh -17.6
35 Detroit -19.0
36 Chicago -19.2
37 Providence -20.2
38 Minneapolis -20.3
39 San Diego -20.6
40 Orlando -20.9
41 San Francisco -21.0
42 Dallas -23.5
43 Washington, D.C. -24.6
44 Los Angeles -24.9
45 Portland -25.0
46 Indianapolis -25.1
47 Oklahoma City -26.4
48 Seattle -33.5
49 Louisville -37.6
50 San Jose -40.7
Deficient Bridges
Percent of total bridge deck area, 2019
Source: FHWA, National Bridge Inventory
1 Providence 19.0
2 San Francisco 14.7
3 New York 12.6
4 Boston 12.4
5 Chicago 12.2
6 San Jose 11.4
7 New Orleans 10.9
8 Hartford 10.6
9 Birmingham 9.0
10 Detroit 8.9
11 St. Louis 8.8
12 Louisville 8.5
13 Philadelphia 7.5
14 Buffalo 7.5
15 Charlotte 6.4
16 Cleveland 6.4
17 Oklahoma City 6.3
18 Pittsburgh 6.0
19 Kansas City 6.0
20 Virginia Beach 6.0
United States 5.9
21 Seattle 5.6
22 Denver 5.5
23 Riverside 5.3
24 Nashville 5.0
25 Richmond 4.8
26 Raleigh 4.7
27 Milwaukee 4.6
28 Baltimore 4.6
29 Memphis 4.5
30 Los Angeles 4.3
31 Indianapolis 3.7
32 Minneapolis 3.7
33 Portland 3.6
34 San Diego 3.4
35 Cincinnati 3.4
36 Washington, D.C. 3.2
37 Columbus 3.0
38 Sacramento 3.0
39 Dallas 2.0
40 Miami 1.5
41 Atlanta 1.4
42 Jacksonville 0.9
43 Houston 0.9
44 Orlando 0.7
45 Salt Lake City 0.7
46 Las Vegas 0.5
47 Tampa 0.5
48 Phoenix 0.4
49 San Antonio 0.4
50 Austin 0.1

The metrics in this section reflect traffic congestion, the efficiency of the system and freight movement, and protecting the environment. Typically, all of the measures indicate St. Louis has relatively little congestion compared to the peer regions. The data for 2020 show a bit of a different story, but it is too soon to know if this is a change in the trend or a reflection of what happened in one year. The last four tables in this section are measures the state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and transit agencies are required to track, according to federal transportation legislation. The truck travel time reliability is a metric that lacks an intuitive interpretation, but it indicates the region’s highway system is more reliable for moving freight than many of the peers. See Where We Stand 8th Edition, Update 7 for further discussion.

Annual Delay per Auto Traveler
Average hours lost due to congestion per auto traveler, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 New York 56
2 Boston 50
3 Houston 49
4 San Francisco 46
5 Los Angeles 46
6 Washington, D.C. 42
7 Austin 41
8 Dallas 40
9 Chicago 39
10 Sacramento 38
11 Philadelphia 37
12 Atlanta 37
13 Detroit 35
14 Oklahoma City 35
15 Kansas City 34
16 St. Louis 33
17 Providence 33
18 San Antonio 32
19 Minneapolis 32
20 Seattle 31
21 San Jose 31
22 Portland 31
23 Hartford 31
Peer Average 31
24 Buffalo 29
25 Milwaukee 29
26 Cleveland 29
27 Nashville 28
28 Memphis 28
29 Columbus 27
30 Baltimore 27
31 Miami 27
32 Salt Lake City 26
33 Denver 26
34 Indianapolis 26
35 Cincinnati 26
36 New Orleans 26
37 Riverside 25
38 Pittsburgh 25
39 Phoenix 25
40 Richmond 24
41 San Diego 24
42 Charlotte 24
43 Birmingham 23
44 Orlando 22
45 Louisville 22
46 Virginia Beach 22
47 Jacksonville 21
48 Las Vegas 18
49 Tampa 18
50 Raleigh 17
Change in Annual Delay per Auto Traveler
Change in average hours lost due to congestion per auto traveler, 2010-2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Richmond -4.0
2 Kansas City -6.0
3 Houston -6.0
4 Oklahoma City -8.0
5 Providence -8.0
6 Austin -8.0
7 Sacramento -8.0
8 San Antonio -10.0
9 St. Louis -10.0
10 Salt Lake City -10.0
11 Dallas -10.0
12 Cleveland -10.0
13 Milwaukee -11.0
14 Buffalo -12.0
15 Birmingham -12.0
16 Memphis -12.0
17 Philadelphia -13.0
18 Pittsburgh -14.0
19 Columbus -14.0
20 Cincinnati -15.0
21 Louisville -15.0
22 Boston -15.0
23 Minneapolis -15.0
24 Hartford -15.0
25 Virginia Beach -16.0
26 Indianapolis -16.0
27 Detroit -16.0
28 Raleigh -17.0
29 Nashville -18.0
Peer Average -18.7
30 New Orleans -19.0
31 Jacksonville -20.0
32 Chicago -20.0
33 Portland -20.0
34 Baltimore -20.0
35 Charlotte -21.0
36 New York -22.0
37 Atlanta -23.0
38 Tampa -24.0
39 Denver -24.0
40 Phoenix -25.0
41 Orlando -26.0
42 Las Vegas -26.0
43 Miami -28.0
44 San Diego -30.0
45 San Jose -32.0
46 Riverside -33.0
47 Seattle -33.0
48 San Francisco -44.0
49 Washington, D.C. -48.0
50 Los Angeles -51.0
Travel Time Index
Ratio of peak period travel time to free-flow travel time, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 New York 1.17
2 Los Angeles 1.16
3 San Francisco 1.16
4 Houston 1.15
5 Austin 1.13
6 Providence 1.13
7 Washington, D.C. 1.12
8 Detroit 1.12
9 Oklahoma City 1.12
10 Philadelphia 1.12
11 Dallas 1.12
12 San Antonio 1.12
13 San Jose 1.12
14 Boston 1.12
15 Miami 1.11
16 Sacramento 1.11
17 New Orleans 1.11
18 Seattle 1.11
19 Minneapolis 1.11
20 Portland 1.10
21 San Diego 1.10
22 Atlanta 1.10
23 Chicago 1.10
24 Kansas City 1.10
Peer Average 1.09
25 Denver 1.09
26 Memphis 1.08
27 St. Louis 1.08
28 Cleveland 1.08
29 Riverside 1.08
30 Columbus 1.08
31 Pittsburgh 1.08
32 Phoenix 1.08
33 Buffalo 1.08
34 Tampa 1.08
35 Hartford 1.07
36 Orlando 1.07
37 Milwaukee 1.07
38 Richmond 1.07
39 Baltimore 1.07
40 Las Vegas 1.07
41 Virginia Beach 1.06
42 Nashville 1.06
43 Charlotte 1.06
44 Cincinnati 1.06
45 Salt Lake City 1.06
46 Indianapolis 1.06
47 Jacksonville 1.06
48 Birmingham 1.05
49 Louisville 1.05
50 Raleigh 1.05
Commuter Stress Index
Congestion experienced by travelers in peak direction at peak times, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Los Angeles 1.21
2 New York 1.21
3 San Francisco 1.18
4 Houston 1.16
5 Providence 1.15
6 Washington, D.C. 1.14
7 Austin 1.14
8 Dallas 1.14
9 Sacramento 1.13
10 San Antonio 1.13
11 Detroit 1.13
12 Philadelphia 1.13
13 Oklahoma City 1.13
14 Boston 1.13
15 Miami 1.12
16 San Jose 1.12
17 Seattle 1.12
18 Minneapolis 1.12
19 Portland 1.11
20 San Diego 1.11
21 New Orleans 1.11
22 Atlanta 1.11
23 Chicago 1.11
24 Kansas City 1.11
Peer Average 1.11
25 Denver 1.10
26 Phoenix 1.09
27 Riverside 1.09
28 Buffalo 1.09
29 Baltimore 1.09
30 Jacksonville 1.09
31 Tampa 1.09
32 Cleveland 1.09
33 Hartford 1.09
34 Pittsburgh 1.09
35 Columbus 1.09
36 Memphis 1.08
37 Richmond 1.08
38 St. Louis 1.08
39 Orlando 1.08
40 Virginia Beach 1.07
41 Charlotte 1.07
42 Nashville 1.07
43 Cincinnati 1.07
44 Salt Lake City 1.07
45 Milwaukee 1.07
46 Indianapolis 1.07
47 Las Vegas 1.07
48 Birmingham 1.06
49 Louisville 1.06
50 Raleigh 1.05
Congestion Costs
Average annual costs per auto traveler, in 2020 dollars, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 New York 1,322
2 San Francisco 1,301
3 Los Angeles 1,142
4 Boston 1,103
5 Houston 1,097
6 Austin 945
7 Washington, D.C. 905
8 Atlanta 869
9 Chicago 852
10 Dallas 848
11 Sacramento 800
12 Philadelphia 789
13 St. Louis 719
14 San Jose 712
15 Detroit 710
16 Kansas City 694
17 Portland 690
18 Cleveland 686
19 Seattle 685
20 San Antonio 682
Peer Average 672
21 San Diego 665
22 Nashville 659
23 Oklahoma City 656
24 Buffalo 649
25 Columbus 645
26 Providence 630
27 Minneapolis 620
28 Cincinnati 608
29 Miami 608
30 Hartford 606
31 Milwaukee 602
32 New Orleans 597
33 Charlotte 585
34 Pittsburgh 552
35 Baltimore 549
36 Denver 545
37 Salt Lake City 544
38 Birmingham 521
39 Riverside 511
40 Phoenix 489
41 Indianapolis 487
42 Richmond 482
43 Orlando 471
44 Jacksonville 448
45 Memphis 427
46 Tampa 401
47 Virginia Beach 399
48 Louisville 386
49 Las Vegas 363
50 Raleigh 361
Truck Congestion Costs
Average annual costs per 1,000 vehicle miles traveled, in millions of dollars, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1 San Francisco 8.6
2 New Orleans 8.3
3 New York 7.6
4 San Jose 6.2
5 Oklahoma City 5.4
6 Chicago 5.3
7 Portland 4.8
8 Houston 4.3
9 Austin 4.3
10 St. Louis 4.2
11 Kansas City 4.2
12 Detroit 4.0
13 Los Angeles 3.9
14 Philadelphia 3.8
15 Boston 3.8
16 Cleveland 3.4
17 Memphis 3.4
Peer Average 3.4
18 Sacramento 3.3
19 San Antonio 3.3
20 Seattle 3.2
21 Milwaukee 3.2
22 Dallas 3.2
23 Louisville 3.1
24 Buffalo 3.1
25 Hartford 3.0
26 Washington, D.C. 3.0
27 Indianapolis 2.9
28 Nashville 2.9
29 Providence 2.9
30 Columbus 2.9
31 Baltimore 2.8
32 Riverside 2.7
33 Pittsburgh 2.7
34 Salt Lake City 2.6
35 Denver 2.5
36 Minneapolis 2.5
37 Atlanta 2.5
38 Miami 2.5
39 Phoenix 2.4
40 Cincinnati 2.3
41 San Diego 2.1
42 Orlando 2.1
43 Las Vegas 2.1
44 Charlotte 2.0
45 Birmingham 1.8
46 Richmond 1.7
47 Tampa 1.7
48 Virginia Beach 1.6
49 Jacksonville 1.3
50 Raleigh 1.1
Peak Hour Excessive Delay
Hours per capita spent on roads with more than normal delay during evening rush hour (3-7 p.m.), 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Los Angeles 32.7
2 Nashville 21.0
3 New York 20.6
4 Seattle 18.9
5 San Francisco 18.3
6 Riverside 16.6
7 Atlanta 14.4
8 Baltimore 13.9
9 San Jose 13.7
10 Houston 13.5
11 Philadelphia 13.1
12 Washington, D.C. 13.1
13 Chicago 12.1
14 San Diego 11.9
15 Denver 11.7
16 Dallas 11.4
17 Austin 11.3
18 San Antonio 10.6
Peer Average 10.3
19 Charlotte 10.0
20 Detroit 9.8
21 Pittsburgh 9.3
22 Las Vegas 9.1
23 Memphis 9.1
24 Sacramento 9.0
25 Louisville 8.4
26 Miami 8.3
27 Buffalo 8.1
28 Portland 7.8
29 Orlando 7.4
30 Cincinnati 6.8
31 Providence 6.7
32 St. Louis 6.6
33 Tampa 6.5
34 Hartford 5.7
35 Virginia Beach 5.2
36 Cleveland 5.0
37 Raleigh 5.0
38 Jacksonville 4.7
39 Phoenix 4.2
40 Columbus 3.6
41 Kansas City 3.5
42 Minneapolis 3.2
43 Indianapolis 3.0
Interstate Travel Time Reliability
Percent of person-miles traveled on interstates that are reliable, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Cleveland 98.9
2 Memphis 98.7
3 Richmond 98.7
4 Buffalo 98.6
5 St. Louis 98.0
6 Columbus 97.3
7 Kansas City 97.0
8 Louisville 96.9
9 Birmingham 96.5
10 Raleigh 96.2
11 Salt Lake City 94.8
12 Hartford 94.6
13 Pittsburgh 94.5
14 Detroit 93.5
15 Jacksonville 92.0
16 Minneapolis 90.9
17 Cincinnati 90.6
18 Charlotte 90.6
19 Sacramento 90.1
20 Providence 89.8
21 Virginia Beach 89.2
22 Baltimore 87.6
23 Milwaukee 87.6
24 Indianapolis 87.5
25 Oklahoma City 85.2
26 Nashville 84.3
27 San Jose 84.2
Peer Average 83.4
28 Miami 80.1
29 San Diego 79.9
30 Philadelphia 79.8
31 San Antonio 79.2
32 New York 78.6
33 New Orleans 77.9
34 Boston 77.4
35 Houston 75.9
36 Las Vegas 75.7
37 Riverside 75.4
38 Tampa 75.3
39 Chicago 74.4
40 Dallas 74.2
41 San Francisco 73.0
42 Washington, D.C. 70.7
43 Atlanta 70.6
44 Portland 69.3
45 Austin 68.8
46 Denver 68.8
47 Seattle 65.4
48 Orlando 63.3
49 Phoenix 59.5
50 Los Angeles 53.0
Non-Interstate Travel Time Reliability
Percent of person-miles traveled on non-interstates that are reliable, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Oklahoma City 97.7
2 Miami 97.6
3 Raleigh 96.0
4 Orlando 95.9
5 Buffalo 95.8
6 Tampa 94.7
7 Memphis 94.7
8 Indianapolis 94.7
9 Minneapolis 94.6
10 Jacksonville 94.4
11 Kansas City 94.1
12 Denver 93.9
13 Virginia Beach 93.8
14 Chicago 93.5
15 Hartford 93.3
16 Columbus 93.2
17 Detroit 93.0
18 Cleveland 93.0
19 St. Louis 92.9
20 Las Vegas 92.8
21 Philadelphia 92.8
22 Providence 92.0
23 Milwaukee 91.9
24 Pittsburgh 91.8
25 Cincinnati 90.7
26 Washington, D.C. 90.7
27 Baltimore 90.4
28 Nashville 89.6
Peer Average 89.5
29 Austin 89.0
30 Phoenix 88.5
31 Atlanta 88.4
32 Salt Lake City 88.3
33 Sacramento 88.0
34 Houston 87.3
35 Portland 86.3
36 Charlotte 85.8
37 New Orleans 85.6
38 Louisville 85.5
39 Birmingham 85.4
40 Boston 84.8
41 Richmond 84.6
42 Dallas 84.1
43 San Jose 83.9
44 New York 83.6
45 San Francisco 82.7
46 San Diego 82.4
47 Seattle 82.1
48 San Antonio 78.5
49 Riverside 76.9
50 Los Angeles 76.0
Truck Travel Time Reliability Index
2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Seattle 2.47
2 Washington, D.C. 2.43
3 Los Angeles 2.37
4 Orlando 2.36
5 Phoenix 2.28
6 Portland 2.19
7 Atlanta 2.17
8 Houston 2.13
9 New York 2.06
10 Riverside 2.05
11 Dallas 2.04
12 New Orleans 2.04
13 San Francisco 2.03
14 Miami 1.99
15 San Diego 1.97
16 Denver 1.94
17 Austin 1.90
18 Virginia Beach 1.87
19 Boston 1.85
20 Memphis 1.85
21 Chicago 1.84
22 Philadelphia 1.76
Peer Average 1.76
23 Oklahoma City 1.75
24 San Jose 1.74
25 Tampa 1.70
26 San Antonio 1.68
27 Las Vegas 1.68
28 Baltimore 1.68
29 Sacramento 1.66
30 Nashville 1.65
31 Cincinnati 1.61
32 Louisville 1.58
33 Providence 1.57
34 Detroit 1.54
35 Milwaukee 1.53
36 Indianapolis 1.52
37 Charlotte 1.52
38 Minneapolis 1.51
39 Jacksonville 1.50
40 Birmingham 1.48
41 Salt Lake City 1.44
42 Raleigh 1.42
43 Hartford 1.40
44 Pittsburgh 1.39
45 Kansas City 1.36
46 St. Louis 1.33
47 Columbus 1.28
48 Richmond 1.26
49 Buffalo 1.24
50 Cleveland 1.23

Each year, thousands of people die in motor vehicle crashes in the United States. Based on data for urbanized areas, St. Louis has one of the higher overall crash fatality rates among the peers. The region’s fatality rate due to speed is particularly high relative to the peers. The region is below the national average on crash fatalities associated with distracted driving as well as those that involve drugs and alcohol. See Where We Stand 7th Edition Update, 9 for further discussion.

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2018
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Las Vegas 1.88
2 Memphis 1.43
3 Tampa 1.38
4 Miami 1.34
5 Louisville 1.20
6 Riverside 1.10
7 Phoenix 1.06
8 Orlando 1.06
9 Jacksonville 1.04
10 New Orleans 1.02
11 Philadelphia 0.96
12 San Antonio 0.87
13 Dallas 0.86
14 Atlanta 0.82
15 St. Louis 0.81
16 Charlotte 0.80
17 Sacramento 0.80
18 Houston 0.79
19 Birmingham 0.79
20 Virginia Beach 0.79
United States 0.79
21 Oklahoma City 0.78
22 Hartford 0.76
23 Portland 0.76
24 Indianapolis 0.76
25 Kansas City 0.74
26 Baltimore 0.74
27 Denver 0.74
28 Pittsburgh 0.74
29 San Diego 0.72
30 Los Angeles 0.72
31 Milwaukee 0.70
32 Chicago 0.69
33 Columbus 0.68
34 San Jose 0.68
35 Detroit 0.68
36 Cincinnati 0.67
37 Austin 0.64
38 New York 0.63
39 Richmond 0.62
40 Seattle 0.61
41 Washington, D.C. 0.60
42 Providence 0.59
43 Salt Lake City 0.58
44 Cleveland 0.52
45 San Francisco 0.48
46 Nashville 0.45
47 Raleigh 0.42
48 Minneapolis 0.40
49 Buffalo 0.35
50 Boston 0.35
Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Speed
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2018
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Las Vegas 0.39
2 Milwaukee 0.28
3 St. Louis 0.26
4 Riverside 0.24
5 Oklahoma City 0.23
6 Providence 0.23
7 Kansas City 0.23
8 Virginia Beach 0.22
9 Phoenix 0.21
10 Charlotte 0.21
11 Memphis 0.21
12 Seattle 0.20
13 Philadelphia 0.20
14 Denver 0.20
15 Dallas 0.20
16 Chicago 0.18
17 Pittsburgh 0.18
18 Cleveland 0.17
19 Portland 0.17
20 Hartford 0.16
21 Birmingham 0.16
22 Los Angeles 0.15
United States 0.15
23 Baltimore 0.15
24 San Diego 0.15
25 San Antonio 0.15
26 Atlanta 0.15
27 Salt Lake City 0.15
28 Cincinnati 0.14
29 Austin 0.14
30 Columbus 0.14
31 Washington, D.C. 0.13
32 Detroit 0.13
33 Sacramento 0.12
34 Indianapolis 0.12
35 Minneapolis 0.12
36 San Jose 0.11
37 Miami 0.11
38 Raleigh 0.11
39 Houston 0.10
40 Richmond 0.10
41 San Francisco 0.10
42 New York 0.10
43 Buffalo 0.09
44 Tampa 0.08
45 New Orleans 0.08
46 Boston 0.08
47 Louisville 0.07
48 Jacksonville 0.06
49 Orlando 0.06
50 Nashville 0.03
Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Distracted Drivers
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2018
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Louisville 0.22
2 San Antonio 0.18
3 Orlando 0.14
4 New Orleans 0.12
5 Oklahoma City 0.12
6 Seattle 0.12
7 Austin 0.12
8 Tampa 0.12
9 Charlotte 0.10
10 Dallas 0.10
11 Phoenix 0.09
12 New York 0.08
13 Philadelphia 0.08
14 San Jose 0.07
United States 0.07
15 Cincinnati 0.07
16 Miami 0.07
17 Washington, D.C. 0.07
18 Virginia Beach 0.07
19 Kansas City 0.06
20 Riverside 0.06
21 Las Vegas 0.06
22 St. Louis 0.06
23 Houston 0.06
24 Baltimore 0.06
25 Salt Lake City 0.05
26 Columbus 0.05
27 Atlanta 0.05
28 Richmond 0.05
29 Boston 0.05
30 San Diego 0.04
31 Sacramento 0.04
32 Portland 0.04
33 Birmingham 0.04
34 Milwaukee 0.04
35 Detroit 0.04
36 Buffalo 0.04
37 Pittsburgh 0.04
38 Jacksonville 0.04
39 Providence 0.04
40 Memphis 0.03
41 Minneapolis 0.03
42 Los Angeles 0.03
43 Chicago 0.03
44 Raleigh 0.02
45 Hartford 0.02
46 San Francisco 0.02
47 Denver 0.02
48 Nashville 0.02
49 Indianapolis 0.01
50 Cleveland 0.01
Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Drugs or Alcohol
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2018
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1 Las Vegas 0.60
2 Jacksonville 0.54
3 Riverside 0.44
4 New Orleans 0.40
5 San Antonio 0.35
6 Denver 0.34
7 Houston 0.34
8 Tampa 0.34
9 Philadelphia 0.33
10 Charlotte 0.32
11 Dallas 0.29
12 Orlando 0.29
13 Cincinnati 0.27
14 Oklahoma City 0.26
15 Phoenix 0.25
United States 0.25
16 Sacramento 0.25
17 Miami 0.25
18 Baltimore 0.24
19 Detroit 0.23
20 Milwaukee 0.23
21 San Diego 0.22
22 Nashville 0.21
23 Los Angeles 0.20
24 Pittsburgh 0.19
25 St. Louis 0.19
26 San Jose 0.19
27 Richmond 0.18
28 Virginia Beach 0.17
29 Kansas City 0.17
30 New York 0.17
31 Washington, D.C. 0.16
32 Indianapolis 0.16
33 Columbus 0.16
34 Cleveland 0.16
35 San Francisco 0.16
36 Austin 0.16
37 Birmingham 0.15
38 Salt Lake City 0.15
39 Portland 0.14
40 Seattle 0.13
41 Memphis 0.13
42 Hartford 0.13
43 Chicago 0.13
44 Louisville 0.12
45 Providence 0.12
46 Raleigh 0.10
47 Minneapolis 0.09
48 Atlanta 0.09
49 Boston 0.07
50 Buffalo 0.04

The St. Louis transit system ranks about in the middle among the peers for total ridership, the utility of the system, and the amount of funding spent on the system. Regions with more extensive transit systems tend to be more densely populated. The range among the peer regions is considerable on these metrics. For further discussion, see the Transit Ridership performance indicator on OneSTL.

Transit Ridership
Annual transit boardings per capita, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1 New York 144.2
2 San Francisco 53.6
3 Boston 47.5
4 Seattle 36.7
5 Washington, D.C. 36.7
Peer Average 35.1
6 Chicago 33.0
7 Philadelphia 32.7
8 Los Angeles 29.0
9 Portland 26.8
10 Salt Lake City 26.7
11 Baltimore 23.8
12 Denver 22.9
13 San Diego 21.0
14 Pittsburgh 19.3
15 Las Vegas 19.2
16 Minneapolis 15.7
17 Milwaukee 15.2
18 Miami 14.6
19 New Orleans 14.4
20 Buffalo 13.9
21 San Antonio 12.6
22 Hartford 12.3
23 Cleveland 11.5
24 Austin 11.3
25 Atlanta 10.6
26 Houston 9.9
27 San Jose 9.7
28 Charlotte 9.5
29 Orlando 9.5
30 St. Louis 9.1
31 Phoenix 9.0
32 Richmond 8.5
33 Dallas 8.3
34 Providence 8.0
35 Kansas City 7.5
36 Cincinnati 7.5
37 Tampa 7.4
38 Sacramento 6.7
39 Columbus 6.6
40 Raleigh 6.6
41 Nashville 5.7
42 Louisville 5.6
43 Jacksonville 4.9
44 Virginia Beach 4.5
45 Riverside 4.2
46 Detroit 3.7
47 Indianapolis 3.6
48 Memphis 2.8
49 Oklahoma City 2.7
50 Birmingham 2.4
Change in Transit Ridership
Percent change in annual transit boardings, 2019-2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1 Richmond -7.5
2 Kansas City -19.7
3 Oklahoma City -20.6
4 Raleigh -24.0
5 Tampa -26.6
6 New Orleans -27.3
7 Cincinnati -28.7
8 Miami -28.9
9 Salt Lake City -29.4
10 Orlando -33.6
11 San Diego -33.9
12 Austin -34.3
13 Los Angeles -34.6
14 New York -34.7
15 Hartford -35.6
16 Las Vegas -35.9
17 Houston -36.3
18 Nashville -36.4
19 Milwaukee -36.8
20 Dallas -38.2
21 Indianapolis -38.8
Peer Average -40.0
22 Cleveland -40.3
23 San Antonio -40.9
24 Providence -41.1
25 Denver -41.8
26 Seattle -42.3
27 Philadelphia -43.6
28 Boston -44.7
29 Birmingham -45.0
30 Buffalo -45.1
31 Sacramento -45.8
32 Baltimore -46.0
33 Columbus -46.8
34 Charlotte -47.2
35 Jacksonville -47.4
36 Chicago -48.3
37 Portland -48.8
38 St. Louis -49.2
39 Pittsburgh -49.5
40 Minneapolis -50.0
41 Phoenix -50.5
42 San Jose -51.3
43 Virginia Beach -51.5
44 Riverside -52.4
45 Washington, D.C. -53.7
46 Louisville -53.8
47 Memphis -54.0
48 Atlanta -56.5
49 San Francisco -58.0
50 Detroit -60.4
Change in Transit Ridership
Percent change in annual transit boardings, 2021-2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1 San Francisco 70.9
2 Washington, D.C. 69.4
3 Boston 67.0
4 Philadelphia 61.4
5 Raleigh 55.2
6 New Orleans 50.3
7 San Jose 47.3
8 Nashville 45.6
9 San Diego 44.6
10 Charlotte 43.1
11 Pittsburgh 42.4
12 Sacramento 40.9
13 Los Angeles 33.8
Peer Average 33.8
14 New York 33.6
15 Seattle 33.5
16 Salt Lake City 31.2
17 Riverside 30.8
18 Houston 27.5
19 Chicago 26.1
20 Denver 25.6
21 Portland 23.6
22 Minneapolis 23.2
23 Las Vegas 22.9
24 Providence 22.2
25 Austin 21.5
26 Baltimore 20.2
27 Cleveland 20.2
28 Orlando 19.3
29 Oklahoma City 17.7
30 Milwaukee 17.6
31 Kansas City 17.3
32 Dallas 17.2
33 Buffalo 16.2
34 Miami 15.6
35 Detroit 14.6
36 Louisville 13.4
37 Columbus 12.7
38 Indianapolis 10.9
39 Birmingham 10.6
40 Atlanta 10.4
41 Hartford 10.4
42 Richmond 10.1
43 St. Louis 7.1
44 Cincinnati 6.6
45 San Antonio 4.7
46 Jacksonville 3.2
47 Memphis 1.4
48 Virginia Beach -1.2
49 Tampa -4.0
50 Phoenix -30.7
Transit Utility
Ratio of annual passenger miles traveled per square mile of urbanized land area, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1 New York 4,435,759
2 San Francisco 2,054,293
3 Los Angeles 922,432
4 Salt Lake City 817,160
5 Seattle 766,160
6 Chicago 710,556
7 Washington, D.C. 672,071
Peer Average 621,556
8 San Diego 615,043
9 Denver 570,175
10 Boston 532,121
11 Baltimore 464,310
12 Philadelphia 443,795
13 Portland 434,995
14 Miami 430,311
15 Las Vegas 382,402
16 San Jose 327,420
17 Minneapolis 211,300
18 Houston 203,988
19 San Antonio 200,034
20 Austin 173,966
21 New Orleans 172,253
22 Dallas 168,385
23 Orlando 167,651
24 Phoenix 156,793
25 Milwaukee 154,485
26 Pittsburgh 150,178
27 Sacramento 139,303
28 Hartford 138,615
29 Atlanta 134,973
30 Cleveland 134,850
31 St. Louis 131,275
32 Buffalo 123,411
33 Tampa 116,672
34 Riverside 115,544
35 Providence 105,287
36 Charlotte 93,238
37 Cincinnati 87,378
38 Columbus 87,308
39 Richmond 85,266
40 Virginia Beach 72,957
41 Detroit 72,417
42 Nashville 64,441
43 Kansas City 62,923
44 Jacksonville 58,738
45 Louisville 53,901
46 Indianapolis 46,018
47 Raleigh 42,369
48 Memphis 31,943
49 Oklahoma City 29,795
50 Birmingham 24,442
Transit Expenditures
Annual operating expenses per capita, in dollars, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1 New York 870
2 San Francisco 730
3 Washington, D.C. 532
4 Seattle 511
5 Baltimore 411
6 Boston 409
7 Salt Lake City 357
8 Chicago 312
Peer Average 299
9 Portland 291
10 Pittsburgh 279
11 Philadelphia 276
12 Los Angeles 254
13 Denver 248
14 San Jose 231
15 Hartford 209
16 Minneapolis 200
17 New Orleans 169
18 Miami 169
19 Austin 158
20 Cleveland 153
21 Buffalo 146
22 San Diego 142
23 St. Louis 137
24 Charlotte 136
25 Sacramento 134
26 Milwaukee 132
27 Dallas 123
28 Atlanta 119
29 Houston 115
30 Orlando 114
31 Las Vegas 114
32 San Antonio 112
33 Jacksonville 102
34 Phoenix 101
35 Providence 99
36 Cincinnati 99
37 Louisville 94
38 Columbus 94
39 Tampa 76
40 Kansas City 76
41 Nashville 71
42 Virginia Beach 70
43 Riverside 70
44 Indianapolis 67
45 Richmond 62
46 Detroit 61
47 Raleigh 57
48 Memphis 57
49 Birmingham 45
50 Oklahoma City 37

The measures in this section indicate that St. Louis is about average with respect to how efficiently people can reach destinations when considering time, distance, and cost. The region has shorter than average commute times, a higher Walk Score for the city of St. Louis than is average among the largest cities of the peer regions, and below average number of flight departures. Residents in St. Louis who do not have access to a vehicle are limited in the destinations they can reach. Black households are far more likely to have this barrier. For further discussion see the Employment Transit Access and the Residential Transit Access performance indicators on OneSTL.

No-Vehicle Households
Households without access to a vehicle as a percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25045)
1 New York 30.5
2 Chicago 12.6
3 Boston 12.5
4 Philadelphia 12.3
5 San Francisco 11.8
6 Buffalo 11.5
7 Washington, D.C. 10.3
8 Baltimore 10.1
9 Hartford 9.7
10 Providence 9.7
11 Pittsburgh 9.6
12 Milwaukee 9.5
13 New Orleans 9.1
14 Cleveland 9.0
15 Seattle 8.7
United States 8.3
16 Miami 8.1
17 Portland 7.9
18 Memphis 7.9
19 Detroit 7.8
20 Los Angeles 7.7
21 Las Vegas 7.7
22 St. Louis 7.5
23 Minneapolis 7.0
24 Cincinnati 6.9
25 Louisville 6.8
26 San Jose 6.3
27 Columbus 6.3
28 Richmond 6.2
29 Indianapolis 6.1
30 Virginia Beach 6.1
31 Kansas City 6.0
32 Houston 5.9
33 Denver 5.9
34 Sacramento 5.8
35 San Antonio 5.7
36 Tampa 5.7
37 Jacksonville 5.4
38 Orlando 5.4
39 Atlanta 5.3
40 Oklahoma City 5.2
41 San Diego 5.1
42 Birmingham 5.1
43 Austin 4.8
44 Dallas 4.8
45 Phoenix 4.7
46 Salt Lake City 4.7
47 Charlotte 4.3
48 Riverside 4.3
49 Raleigh 4.1
50 Nashville 4.0
Racial Disparity in No-Vehicle Households
Ratio of non-Hispanic Black to non-Hispanic White, percent of households without access to a vehicle, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Cincinnati 4.52
2 Hartford 4.15
3 St. Louis 4.02
4 Pittsburgh 3.92
5 Buffalo 3.89
6 Minneapolis 3.81
7 Denver 3.59
8 Milwaukee 3.58
9 Louisville 3.54
10 Indianapolis 3.50
11 Charlotte 3.46
12 Detroit 3.42
13 Cleveland 3.37
14 Baltimore 3.37
15 Nashville 3.34
16 Virginia Beach 3.33
17 Memphis 3.33
18 New Orleans 3.30
19 Philadelphia 3.29
20 Kansas City 3.29
21 Jacksonville 3.26
22 Richmond 3.00
23 Birmingham 2.97
24 Orlando 2.94
25 Boston 2.88
26 Dallas 2.83
27 Chicago 2.77
28 Columbus 2.72
United States 2.72
29 Atlanta 2.65
30 San Antonio 2.64
31 Oklahoma City 2.61
32 Houston 2.54
33 Portland 2.54
34 Las Vegas 2.48
35 Phoenix 2.46
36 Raleigh 2.44
37 Seattle 2.40
38 Los Angeles 2.39
39 Riverside 2.38
40 San Diego 2.30
41 Sacramento 2.21
42 Austin 2.16
43 San Francisco 2.10
44 Tampa 2.04
45 Washington, D.C. 2.00
46 New York 2.00
47 Miami 1.73
48 Providence 1.72
Average Commute Time
In minutes, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08013, B08302)
1 New York 35.8
2 Riverside 32.6
3 Washington, D.C. 32.3
4 Atlanta 30.9
5 San Francisco 30.2
6 Chicago 30.2
7 Boston 30.1
8 Houston 30.0
9 Miami 29.5
10 Los Angeles 29.2
11 Baltimore 29.0
12 Philadelphia 28.6
13 Seattle 28.5
14 Tampa 28.5
15 Orlando 28.4
16 Dallas 27.7
17 Nashville 27.1
18 San Antonio 27.0
19 Sacramento 26.8
20 Denver 26.8
21 Birmingham 26.7
22 Raleigh 26.6
23 Austin 26.4
United States 26.4
24 Providence 26.4
25 New Orleans 26.4
26 Pittsburgh 26.3
27 Charlotte 26.3
28 Detroit 26.0
29 Jacksonville 25.8
30 San Jose 25.8
31 Phoenix 25.8
32 Indianapolis 25.6
33 San Diego 25.5
34 Cincinnati 25.2
35 Virginia Beach 24.9
36 St. Louis 24.8
37 Portland 24.8
38 Richmond 24.8
39 Las Vegas 24.6
40 Hartford 24.5
41 Cleveland 24.2
42 Oklahoma City 24.1
43 Minneapolis 24.0
44 Memphis 23.9
45 Louisville 23.8
46 Columbus 23.5
47 Kansas City 22.8
48 Salt Lake City 22.8
49 Milwaukee 22.5
50 Buffalo 21.8
Transportation Expenses
As a percent of median household income, 2011-2015
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
1 Memphis 27
2 Riverside 27
3 Birmingham 26
4 Oklahoma City 26
5 Orlando 26
6 Louisville 25
7 New Orleans 25
8 Indianapolis 25
9 Nashville 25
10 Charlotte 25
11 San Antonio 25
12 Tampa 25
13 Miami 24
14 Cleveland 24
15 Phoenix 24
16 Jacksonville 24
17 Las Vegas 24
18 Buffalo 24
19 Sacramento 24
20 Salt Lake City 23
21 Pittsburgh 23
22 St. Louis 23
23 Atlanta 23
24 Cincinnati 23
25 Kansas City 23
26 Columbus 23
27 Detroit 23
28 Milwaukee 22
29 Raleigh 22
30 Los Angeles 22
31 San Diego 22
32 Houston 22
33 Portland 22
34 Dallas 22
Peer Average 21
35 Virginia Beach 21
36 Richmond 21
37 Austin 21
38 Providence 21
39 Minneapolis 20
40 Denver 20
41 Philadelphia 20
42 Chicago 20
43 Hartford 19
44 Seattle 19
45 Baltimore 18
46 Boston 17
47 San Francisco 16
48 San Jose 16
49 New York 15
50 Washington, D.C. 14
Walk Score of Largest City
2018
Source: Walk Score
1 New York 89.2
2 San Francisco 86.0
3 Boston 80.9
4 Miami 79.2
5 Philadelphia 79.0
6 Providence 79.0
7 Chicago 77.8
8 Washington, D.C. 77.3
9 Seattle 73.1
10 Hartford 71.0
11 Baltimore 69.4
12 Minneapolis 69.2
13 Buffalo 67.8
14 Los Angeles 67.4
15 Portland 64.7
16 St. Louis 64.5
17 Milwaukee 62.1
18 Pittsburgh 61.9
Peer Average 61.6
19 Denver 60.5
20 Cleveland 59.5
21 New Orleans 57.6
22 Salt Lake City 57.0
23 Detroit 55.4
24 Richmond 51.4
25 San Diego 50.9
26 San Jose 50.5
27 Cincinnati 50.4
28 Tampa 50.0
29 Atlanta 49.2
30 Houston 48.7
31 Sacramento 47.1
32 Dallas 46.2
33 Orlando 42.1
34 Riverside 41.3
35 Las Vegas 41.1
36 Phoenix 40.8
37 Columbus 40.7
38 Austin 40.3
39 San Antonio 37.6
40 Memphis 36.8
41 Birmingham 35.4
42 Kansas City 34.2
43 Louisville 33.3
44 Oklahoma City 33.1
45 Virginia Beach 32.9
46 Raleigh 30.1
47 Indianapolis 29.8
48 Nashville 28.3
49 Jacksonville 26.8
50 Charlotte 25.9
Daily Flight Departures
Average number of scheduled passenger departures from area airports, 2018
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Statistics
1 New York 1,572
2 Chicago 1,403
3 Atlanta 1,175
4 Dallas 1,081
5 Los Angeles 1,034
6 Miami 836
7 Denver 777
8 Houston 751
9 San Francisco 721
10 Charlotte 713
11 Washington, D.C. 684
12 Seattle 599
13 Phoenix 537
14 Boston 532
15 Detroit 515
16 Minneapolis 512
17 Philadelphia 481
18 Las Vegas 469
19 Orlando 440
Peer Average 401
20 Salt Lake City 350
21 Baltimore 324
22 San Diego 274
23 Portland 268
24 Memphis 264
25 St. Louis 252
26 Tampa 248
27 Nashville 216
28 Raleigh 190
29 Indianapolis 190
30 Louisville 185
31 Austin 185
32 San Jose 181
33 Pittsburgh 170
34 Kansas City 162
35 Cincinnati 156
36 New Orleans 156
37 Sacramento 153
38 Cleveland 147
39 Columbus 141
40 Riverside 124
41 San Antonio 122
42 Milwaukee 110
43 Jacksonville 96
44 Hartford 92
45 Providence 92
46 Buffalo 88
47 Virginia Beach 84
48 Richmond 84
49 Oklahoma City 71
50 Birmingham 58
Change in Daily Flight Departures
Percent change, 2013-2018
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Statistics
1 San Jose 49.4
2 Seattle 44.1
3 Boston 27.4
4 Austin 26.1
5 Orlando 22.5
6 Sacramento 21.3
7 Miami 19.2
8 Tampa 17.2
9 San Diego 17.1
10 Nashville 16.6
11 Portland 14.4
12 New Orleans 14.3
13 Los Angeles 12.7
14 Pittsburgh 12.1
15 Raleigh 11.8
16 Louisville 10.7
17 San Francisco 10.6
18 Jacksonville 9.2
19 Las Vegas 9.1
20 St. Louis 9.0
21 Indianapolis 8.4
22 Richmond 7.6
23 Providence 7.1
24 Riverside 7.1
25 Baltimore 5.7
26 Columbus 5.6
27 Salt Lake City 5.3
Peer Average 4.3
28 New York 4.0
29 Birmingham 3.5
30 Dallas 3.4
31 Chicago 0.1
32 Denver -0.4
33 Charlotte -1.1
34 Phoenix -1.5
35 San Antonio -1.8
36 Cincinnati -2.0
37 Hartford -2.0
38 Atlanta -3.0
39 Kansas City -3.5
40 Oklahoma City -3.9
41 Washington, D.C. -5.8
42 Houston -6.4
43 Memphis -6.6
44 Minneapolis -6.9
45 Detroit -8.5
46 Milwaukee -11.3
47 Virginia Beach -11.7
48 Buffalo -13.0
49 Philadelphia -14.6
50 Cleveland -34.2

The most popular mode of commuting to work in all of the peer regions is by car. Providing more transportation choices can have environmental benefits, increase physical activity, and reduce traffic congestion. The St. Louis region’s long-range transportation plan includes a goal to increase non-single occupancy travel (SOV); St. Louis has a lower rate on this metric than many of the peer regions. See the Transportation Choice performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Workers Who Commute by Driving Alone
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1 Birmingham 77.4
2 Oklahoma City 77.2
3 Virginia Beach 76.1
4 Memphis 76.1
5 Riverside 73.9
6 Louisville 73.7
7 St. Louis 73.6
8 Providence 73.5
9 New Orleans 73.5
10 Kansas City 73.1
11 Detroit 72.6
12 Indianapolis 72.6
13 Milwaukee 72.6
14 Cincinnati 72.5
15 Buffalo 72.4
16 Cleveland 72.1
17 Houston 71.4
18 Hartford 70.2
19 Las Vegas 70.0
20 Columbus 69.7
21 Nashville 69.5
22 Jacksonville 69.4
23 Dallas 69.2
24 Richmond 69.1
25 Miami 68.8
26 San Antonio 68.7
United States 68.7
27 Pittsburgh 68.3
28 Baltimore 67.9
29 Orlando 67.5
30 Minneapolis 66.4
31 Tampa 66.4
32 Atlanta 66.1
33 Charlotte 66.0
34 Sacramento 66.0
35 San Diego 65.8
36 Salt Lake City 65.6
37 Los Angeles 65.2
38 Raleigh 63.9
39 Phoenix 63.8
40 Philadelphia 63.4
41 Denver 63.0
42 Chicago 62.9
43 Portland 60.8
44 Austin 60.3
45 San Jose 59.8
46 Boston 57.4
47 Seattle 57.0
48 Washington, D.C. 55.6
49 San Francisco 49.7
50 New York 44.7
Workers Who Commute by Carpool
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1 San Antonio 11.4
2 Riverside 11.2
3 Salt Lake City 10.7
4 Houston 10.6
5 Las Vegas 10.5
6 Phoenix 9.8
7 Los Angeles 9.7
8 Memphis 9.6
9 Miami 9.3
10 Orlando 9.3
11 Dallas 9.1
12 Indianapolis 9.0
13 Sacramento 9.0
14 San Jose 8.9
15 Louisville 8.8
16 Oklahoma City 8.7
United States 8.6
17 Atlanta 8.6
18 San Diego 8.5
19 Birmingham 8.4
20 Charlotte 8.3
21 New Orleans 8.2
22 Tampa 8.2
23 Jacksonville 8.2
24 Providence 8.2
25 San Francisco 8.2
26 Virginia Beach 8.1
27 Seattle 8.0
28 Chicago 7.9
29 Cincinnati 7.9
30 Buffalo 7.8
31 Hartford 7.7
32 Washington, D.C. 7.7
33 Richmond 7.6
34 Nashville 7.6
35 Columbus 7.6
36 Milwaukee 7.5
37 Denver 7.4
38 Detroit 7.3
39 Portland 7.3
40 Baltimore 7.2
41 Minneapolis 7.0
42 Austin 7.0
43 Cleveland 6.9
44 Pittsburgh 6.8
45 Philadelphia 6.8
46 Raleigh 6.6
47 New York 6.5
48 Boston 6.4
49 Kansas City 6.4
50 St. Louis 6.3
Workers Who Commute by Public Transportation
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1 New York 23.8
2 Boston 8.0
3 San Francisco 7.8
4 Chicago 7.0
5 Washington, D.C. 6.0
6 Philadelphia 5.7
7 Seattle 4.6
8 Baltimore 3.2
9 Los Angeles 3.1
United States 3.1
10 Pittsburgh 3.0
11 Portland 2.9
12 Buffalo 2.6
13 Hartford 2.4
14 Miami 2.4
15 Las Vegas 2.3
16 Denver 2.2
17 San Diego 2.0
18 San Jose 2.0
19 Minneapolis 2.0
20 Milwaukee 1.8
21 Cleveland 1.7
22 New Orleans 1.6
23 Salt Lake City 1.6
24 San Antonio 1.4
25 Houston 1.4
26 Atlanta 1.4
27 Providence 1.4
28 Cincinnati 1.3
29 St. Louis 1.2
30 Columbus 1.2
31 Austin 1.1
32 Orlando 1.0
33 Sacramento 0.9
34 Phoenix 0.9
35 Detroit 0.8
36 Charlotte 0.8
37 Riverside 0.7
38 Louisville 0.7
39 Richmond 0.7
40 Nashville 0.7
41 Virginia Beach 0.7
42 Tampa 0.7
43 Dallas 0.6
44 Indianapolis 0.6
45 Kansas City 0.5
46 Jacksonville 0.5
47 Birmingham 0.5
48 Raleigh 0.4
49 Oklahoma City 0.4
50 Memphis 0.3
Workers Who Work at Home
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1 Austin 28.0
2 San Francisco 27.0
3 Raleigh 26.1
4 Washington, D.C. 25.4
5 Seattle 25.4
6 San Jose 24.4
7 Denver 23.7
8 Portland 23.3
9 Charlotte 22.3
10 Phoenix 21.7
11 Tampa 21.2
12 Atlanta 21.0
13 Minneapolis 20.9
14 Boston 20.8
15 Sacramento 19.8
16 Nashville 19.4
17 Orlando 19.1
18 Salt Lake City 18.9
19 Jacksonville 18.9
20 Richmond 18.7
21 Philadelphia 18.6
22 San Diego 18.6
23 Columbus 18.4
24 Dallas 18.3
25 Baltimore 18.1
26 Kansas City 17.7
27 Chicago 17.4
28 Pittsburgh 17.4
29 Los Angeles 17.2
30 Hartford 16.6
31 Detroit 16.4
32 New York 16.3
33 St. Louis 16.0
34 Cleveland 15.5
United States 15.2
35 Cincinnati 15.1
36 Indianapolis 15.1
37 Miami 14.9
38 San Antonio 14.8
39 Milwaukee 14.6
40 Louisville 13.7
41 Houston 13.0
42 Las Vegas 12.9
43 Buffalo 12.8
44 Providence 12.7
45 Birmingham 11.8
46 Riverside 11.3
47 New Orleans 11.3
48 Virginia Beach 11.1
49 Memphis 11.1
50 Oklahoma City 10.7
Workers Who Commute by Walking or Biking
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1 New York 6.3
2 Boston 5.5
3 San Francisco 5.5
4 Portland 4.5
5 Seattle 4.0
6 Philadelphia 3.8
7 New Orleans 3.5
8 San Diego 3.5
9 San Jose 3.4
10 Pittsburgh 3.3
11 Washington, D.C. 3.2
12 Chicago 3.2
13 Buffalo 2.9
14 Los Angeles 2.9
United States 2.9
15 Sacramento 2.7
16 Cleveland 2.6
17 Providence 2.6
18 Milwaukee 2.6
19 Virginia Beach 2.5
20 Denver 2.4
21 Richmond 2.4
22 Minneapolis 2.4
23 Salt Lake City 2.2
24 Miami 2.2
25 Austin 2.1
26 Baltimore 2.1
27 Hartford 2.0
28 San Antonio 2.0
29 Cincinnati 1.9
30 St. Louis 1.9
31 Columbus 1.9
32 Phoenix 1.8
33 Oklahoma City 1.8
34 Tampa 1.7
35 Raleigh 1.6
36 Detroit 1.6
37 Indianapolis 1.6
38 Memphis 1.6
39 Riverside 1.6
40 Jacksonville 1.5
41 Orlando 1.5
42 Louisville 1.5
43 Las Vegas 1.5
44 Dallas 1.4
45 Charlotte 1.4
46 Atlanta 1.3
47 Houston 1.3
48 Nashville 1.3
49 Kansas City 1.2
50 Birmingham 1.1
Non-Single Occupancy Vehicle Travel
Percent of workers commuting by all modes except driving alone by car, van, or truck, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1 New York 52.9
2 San Francisco 48.4
3 Washington, D.C. 42.4
4 Seattle 41.9
5 Boston 40.7
6 San Jose 38.8
7 Austin 38.2
8 Portland 37.9
9 Denver 35.8
10 Chicago 35.6
11 Philadelphia 34.9
12 Raleigh 34.8
13 Phoenix 34.2
14 Salt Lake City 33.4
15 Los Angeles 33.0
16 Charlotte 32.8
17 San Diego 32.7
18 Sacramento 32.4
19 Minneapolis 32.3
20 Atlanta 32.2
21 Tampa 31.8
22 Orlando 30.9
23 Pittsburgh 30.6
24 Baltimore 30.6
United States 29.8
25 San Antonio 29.6
26 Dallas 29.4
27 Richmond 29.4
28 Jacksonville 29.1
29 Columbus 29.1
30 Nashville 29.0
31 Hartford 28.8
32 Miami 28.8
33 Las Vegas 27.2
34 Cleveland 26.8
35 Milwaukee 26.4
36 Houston 26.3
37 Indianapolis 26.3
38 Cincinnati 26.2
39 Buffalo 26.2
40 Detroit 26.1
41 Kansas City 25.7
42 St. Louis 25.4
43 Providence 24.9
44 Riverside 24.8
45 Louisville 24.7
46 New Orleans 24.6
47 Memphis 22.6
48 Virginia Beach 22.4
49 Birmingham 21.8
50 Oklahoma City 21.5

Education

A quality workforce begins with an excellent education system. This section documents that the region is about average on measures related to the competitiveness of the region’s primary and secondary school system. Regarding the adult population, the region is relatively well educated. See page 60 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The St. Louis region is about average among the peer regions regarding the amount of education spending per pupil in primary schools. Nationwide, less than 10 percent of funding for schools is from federal sources. There is a wide range in the amount of funding from state and local sources among the peer regions. St. Louis is just below the national average on state funding per pupil and just above average on local funding per pupil. See Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 2 for further discussion.

Education Spending
Total spending per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1 New York 26,857
2 Philadelphia 23,498
3 Buffalo 22,387
4 Hartford 22,071
5 Pittsburgh 20,346
6 Boston 19,888
7 Providence 18,315
8 Chicago 18,041
9 Cleveland 17,791
10 Washington, D.C. 17,183
11 Minneapolis 16,772
12 Baltimore 16,350
13 San Jose 16,182
14 San Francisco 15,659
15 New Orleans 15,514
16 Seattle 15,143
17 Columbus 14,958
18 Detroit 14,758
19 Los Angeles 14,586
United States 14,551
20 Portland 14,466
21 Austin 14,396
22 Cincinnati 14,331
23 San Diego 14,254
24 Milwaukee 14,230
25 Riverside 13,970
26 St. Louis 13,906
27 Sacramento 13,802
28 Houston 12,902
29 Louisville 12,555
30 Kansas City 12,299
31 Dallas 12,297
32 Virginia Beach 12,126
33 Indianapolis 12,052
34 Denver 11,975
35 San Antonio 11,897
36 Atlanta 11,715
37 Nashville 11,329
38 Richmond 11,305
39 Birmingham 11,221
40 Memphis 10,877
41 Raleigh 10,840
42 Charlotte 10,680
43 Orlando 10,664
44 Las Vegas 10,528
45 Miami 10,461
46 Tampa 10,132
47 Jacksonville 9,731
48 Phoenix 8,851
49 Salt Lake City 8,753
50 Oklahoma City 8,649
Change in Education Spending
Percent change in dollars per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Chicago 28.1
2 Portland 23.9
3 Hartford 22.1
4 Pittsburgh 20.9
5 Philadelphia 18.4
6 Seattle 16.9
7 Cleveland 16.7
8 Buffalo 16.2
9 New York 15.4
10 Nashville 14.3
11 San Jose 11.2
12 Minneapolis 10.7
13 Salt Lake City 10.7
14 Houston 10.6
15 Boston 10.4
16 St. Louis 8.8
17 Riverside 8.6
18 Providence 8.5
19 Memphis 7.7
20 Los Angeles 5.7
United States 4.3
21 San Francisco 4.3
22 Austin 2.9
23 Milwaukee 2.6
24 Baltimore 2.4
25 Louisville 2.4
26 Dallas 1.9
27 Cincinnati 1.9
28 Sacramento 1.5
29 Columbus 1.3
30 San Diego 0.6
31 Denver 0.5
32 Washington, D.C. -0.6
33 Detroit -2.7
34 Kansas City -3.3
35 San Antonio -3.8
36 Charlotte -4.8
37 Raleigh -5.6
38 Virginia Beach -6.2
39 New Orleans -8.3
40 Atlanta -9.5
41 Richmond -10.7
42 Birmingham -11.5
43 Oklahoma City -12.0
44 Indianapolis -12.3
45 Orlando -15.0
46 Jacksonville -15.1
47 Las Vegas -15.1
48 Tampa -16.2
49 Phoenix -17.4
50 Miami -28.2
Education Curriculum Spending
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1 New York 23,648
2 Hartford 19,274
3 Buffalo 19,184
4 Philadelphia 18,537
5 Boston 17,302
6 Pittsburgh 16,376
7 Providence 15,871
8 Chicago 15,582
9 Cleveland 14,751
10 Washington, D.C. 14,264
11 Baltimore 14,234
12 Columbus 12,814
13 Minneapolis 12,140
14 San Jose 12,135
15 Milwaukee 11,947
16 St. Louis 11,916
United States 11,910
17 San Francisco 11,883
18 Los Angeles 11,850
19 Seattle 11,657
20 New Orleans 11,589
21 Riverside 11,555
22 Cincinnati 11,441
23 Detroit 11,416
24 Portland 11,392
25 San Diego 11,122
26 Sacramento 10,910
27 Virginia Beach 10,611
28 Louisville 10,470
29 Richmond 10,004
30 Kansas City 9,974
31 Atlanta 9,881
32 Indianapolis 9,688
33 Denver 9,567
34 Birmingham 9,217
35 Nashville 8,976
36 Memphis 8,956
37 Miami 8,864
38 Austin 8,844
39 Houston 8,780
40 San Antonio 8,745
41 Dallas 8,652
42 Las Vegas 8,585
43 Charlotte 8,493
44 Tampa 8,420
45 Orlando 8,376
46 Jacksonville 8,303
47 Raleigh 8,280
48 Phoenix 7,447
49 Oklahoma City 6,933
50 Salt Lake City 6,812
Change in Education Curriculum Spending
Percent change in dollars per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Chicago 36.0
2 Hartford 27.6
3 Philadelphia 24.1
4 Pittsburgh 23.4
5 Seattle 23.3
6 Riverside 22.7
7 Buffalo 20.3
8 New York 18.9
9 Portland 16.0
10 Cleveland 15.3
11 St. Louis 13.9
12 San Jose 12.3
13 San Francisco 11.7
14 Minneapolis 11.7
15 Salt Lake City 11.1
16 Boston 11.0
17 Los Angeles 10.8
18 Nashville 9.6
19 Baltimore 9.2
20 Columbus 9.0
21 Sacramento 8.7
22 Providence 8.2
United States 7.5
23 Memphis 6.8
24 Houston 4.4
25 San Diego 3.7
26 Cincinnati 3.4
27 Louisville 3.2
28 Washington, D.C. 2.1
29 Denver 1.9
30 Dallas 1.7
31 Austin 0.1
32 San Antonio -0.2
33 Charlotte -1.2
34 Kansas City -1.4
35 Milwaukee -2.0
36 Richmond -3.0
37 Detroit -3.3
38 Las Vegas -3.4
39 Virginia Beach -4.0
40 Birmingham -4.7
41 Indianapolis -4.9
42 Atlanta -5.0
43 Raleigh -5.2
44 Phoenix -5.6
45 Tampa -6.6
46 Orlando -6.8
47 Oklahoma City -9.4
48 Jacksonville -9.6
49 New Orleans -11.3
50 Miami -13.5
State Funding per Pupil
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1 Buffalo 13,019
2 Hartford 9,779
3 Minneapolis 9,756
4 New York 9,524
5 Riverside 9,522
6 Los Angeles 8,840
7 Detroit 8,555
8 Seattle 8,546
9 Philadelphia 8,415
10 Sacramento 8,257
11 Providence 8,018
12 Pittsburgh 7,968
13 Indianapolis 7,950
14 Baltimore 7,363
15 Chicago 7,117
16 Portland 7,055
17 Milwaukee 6,823
18 Boston 6,737
United States 6,726
19 San Diego 6,445
20 Las Vegas 6,391
21 Kansas City 6,374
22 San Francisco 6,011
23 Louisville 6,007
24 St. Louis 5,833
25 Birmingham 5,712
26 Cincinnati 5,645
27 Charlotte 5,621
28 Cleveland 5,595
29 Virginia Beach 5,592
30 Raleigh 5,578
31 Richmond 5,347
32 Washington, D.C. 5,166
33 Atlanta 5,087
34 Denver 4,933
35 Memphis 4,864
36 New Orleans 4,850
37 Jacksonville 4,750
38 Tampa 4,702
39 Columbus 4,658
40 Orlando 4,367
41 Nashville 4,357
42 San Jose 4,253
43 Salt Lake City 4,234
44 San Antonio 3,992
45 Oklahoma City 3,888
46 Dallas 3,688
47 Phoenix 3,658
48 Houston 3,323
49 Miami 3,271
50 Austin 2,446
Change in State Funding per Pupil
Percent change in state funding per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Chicago 67.9
2 Indianapolis 36.1
3 Pittsburgh 33.1
4 Hartford 31.6
5 Buffalo 23.2
6 Seattle 21.9
7 Philadelphia 20.5
8 St. Louis 17.8
9 Nashville 17.2
10 Portland 15.5
11 Dallas 15.3
12 Kansas City 14.2
13 Memphis 11.1
14 Sacramento 10.8
15 Riverside 10.6
16 Washington, D.C. 10.2
17 Baltimore 9.8
18 Minneapolis 7.7
19 Las Vegas 7.1
20 Louisville 6.4
21 Cincinnati 5.4
22 Providence 4.3
23 New York 4.3
24 Detroit 4.0
United States 3.9
25 Milwaukee 3.7
26 Denver 1.6
27 Los Angeles 1.5
28 New Orleans 1.0
29 Charlotte -1.6
30 Atlanta -2.5
31 Salt Lake City -2.7
32 Raleigh -4.3
33 Cleveland -4.6
34 Houston -5.6
35 Boston -5.7
36 San Diego -6.6
37 Richmond -8.3
38 Birmingham -8.5
39 San Francisco -10.3
40 Virginia Beach -12.0
41 Austin -12.4
42 San Jose -12.5
43 San Antonio -14.2
44 Columbus -15.7
45 Oklahoma City -15.8
46 Jacksonville -20.7
47 Orlando -21.8
48 Tampa -23.0
49 Miami -24.2
50 Phoenix -27.5
Local Funding per Pupil
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1 New York 15,884
2 Philadelphia 13,357
3 Hartford 12,723
4 Boston 12,605
5 Pittsburgh 11,293
6 Washington, D.C. 10,880
7 San Jose 10,720
8 Cleveland 10,420
9 Chicago 10,328
10 Austin 10,083
11 Columbus 9,489
12 Providence 9,136
13 San Francisco 8,678
14 New Orleans 8,666
15 Buffalo 8,397
16 Baltimore 7,970
17 St. Louis 7,704
18 Cincinnati 7,510
19 Dallas 7,066
20 Houston 6,836
United States 6,656
21 San Diego 6,517
22 Milwaukee 6,515
23 Denver 6,216
24 San Antonio 6,024
25 Miami 6,016
26 Atlanta 6,002
27 Portland 5,751
28 Kansas City 5,750
29 Seattle 5,489
30 Louisville 5,439
31 Richmond 5,380
32 Orlando 5,368
33 Detroit 5,338
34 Virginia Beach 5,287
35 Nashville 5,215
36 Minneapolis 5,103
37 Los Angeles 4,874
38 Birmingham 4,593
39 Sacramento 4,541
40 Phoenix 4,509
41 Indianapolis 4,330
42 Oklahoma City 4,136
43 Memphis 4,107
44 Tampa 4,015
45 Jacksonville 3,938
46 Salt Lake City 3,704
47 Charlotte 3,535
48 Riverside 3,448
49 Las Vegas 2,936
50 Raleigh 2,666
Change in Local Funding per Pupil
Percent change in local funding per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Los Angeles 42.4
2 San Jose 31.7
3 San Francisco 31.2
4 New York 27.4
5 Portland 24.6
6 Boston 22.2
7 Hartford 21.9
8 Buffalo 21.7
9 Philadelphia 20.4
10 Seattle 18.4
11 Providence 15.2
12 San Diego 15.2
13 Cleveland 14.3
14 Chicago 14.0
15 St. Louis 12.3
16 Columbus 10.5
17 Pittsburgh 10.5
18 Salt Lake City 10.4
19 San Antonio 8.7
20 Austin 8.1
21 Minneapolis 7.5
22 Nashville 7.4
United States 6.8
23 Riverside 5.5
24 Denver 5.0
25 Houston 4.5
26 Louisville 3.7
27 Cincinnati 0.8
28 Milwaukee -0.9
29 Sacramento -1.1
30 New Orleans -1.4
31 Virginia Beach -1.7
32 Baltimore -2.5
33 Memphis -3.7
34 Washington, D.C. -3.8
35 Phoenix -4.1
36 Oklahoma City -4.9
37 Dallas -5.8
38 Detroit -6.1
39 Richmond -7.9
40 Kansas City -9.1
41 Birmingham -9.3
42 Orlando -11.3
43 Atlanta -16.1
44 Indianapolis -17.9
45 Miami -18.3
46 Jacksonville -21.6
47 Charlotte -23.9
48 Tampa -26.0
49 Las Vegas -32.1
50 Raleigh -57.8

Assessing and comparing the quality of schools is challenging due to the many factors that can affect student success, as well as the multitude of ways states assess the quality of their schools. This section provides rankings for metrics that are associated with the quality of school instruction. St. Louis ranks competitively on these measures collectively, but the learning experiences of schools vary considerably within the region. See Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 3 for further discussion.

Pupil-Teacher Ratio
2018-2019
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1 San Diego 24.4
2 Phoenix 24.0
3 Los Angeles 23.8
4 Riverside 23.7
5 San Jose 22.9
6 Sacramento 22.9
7 Salt Lake City 22.8
8 Las Vegas 22.5
9 San Francisco 22.5
10 Portland 19.4
11 Seattle 18.8
12 Columbus 18.7
13 New Orleans 18.6
14 Miami 18.4
15 Indianapolis 18.2
16 Detroit 18.1
17 Denver 17.8
18 Oklahoma City 17.8
19 Jacksonville 17.7
20 Cincinnati 17.7
21 Cleveland 17.4
22 Birmingham 17.3
23 Orlando 17.0
24 Tampa 16.7
25 Louisville 16.7
26 Memphis 16.7
27 Minneapolis 16.4
28 Milwaukee 16.3
29 Charlotte 16.3
30 Houston 16.0
United States 16.0
31 Raleigh 16.0
32 San Antonio 15.9
33 Richmond 15.8
34 Nashville 15.7
35 Atlanta 15.5
36 Chicago 15.4
37 Dallas 15.2
38 Baltimore 15.2
39 Virginia Beach 15.1
40 Austin 15.0
41 St. Louis 14.7
42 Kansas City 14.6
43 Washington, D.C. 14.6
44 Pittsburgh 14.1
45 Philadelphia 14.0
46 Providence 13.5
47 Buffalo 13.1
48 New York 12.9
49 Boston 12.8
50 Hartford 12.8
New Teachers
Teachers in their first or second year of teaching as a percent of all teachers, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1 Memphis 51.7
2 Indianapolis 21.4
3 Orlando 20.9
4 San Antonio 20.1
5 Denver 19.0
6 Phoenix 18.8
7 Jacksonville 18.6
8 Dallas 16.2
9 Oklahoma City 15.6
10 Washington, D.C. 15.6
11 New Orleans 15.5
12 Houston 15.4
13 Salt Lake City 15.3
14 Baltimore 15.0
15 Nashville 14.5
16 Columbus 14.3
17 San Francisco 14.0
18 Milwaukee 13.7
19 Minneapolis 13.6
20 Tampa 13.5
21 Kansas City 13.1
Peer Average 13.1
22 Chicago 13.0
23 Austin 12.8
24 San Jose 12.4
25 Boston 12.3
26 Virginia Beach 12.2
27 Richmond 12.2
28 Cincinnati 12.2
29 Cleveland 12.0
30 Philadelphia 11.8
31 Las Vegas 11.3
32 New York 11.3
33 Riverside 11.3
34 St. Louis 11.0
35 San Diego 10.9
36 Atlanta 10.9
37 Louisville 10.8
38 Seattle 10.7
39 Hartford 10.7
40 Buffalo 10.0
41 Birmingham 9.9
42 Sacramento 9.6
43 Portland 9.4
44 Los Angeles 9.1
45 Detroit 9.0
46 Providence 9.0
47 Pittsburgh 7.4
48 Charlotte 7.1
49 Miami 6.3
50 Raleigh 6.2
Relative Wages for Elementary, Middle, and High School Teachers
Ratio of average teacher wage to the average wage of all occupations, 2019
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1 Riverside 1.74
2 Virginia Beach 1.44
3 Los Angeles 1.43
4 Buffalo 1.41
5 Pittsburgh 1.37
6 Cleveland 1.35
7 Providence 1.35
8 Detroit 1.32
9 Sacramento 1.32
10 Portland 1.30
11 New York 1.29
12 Jacksonville 1.29
13 San Diego 1.27
14 Columbus 1.26
15 Tampa 1.25
16 Philadelphia 1.25
17 Chicago 1.24
18 Las Vegas 1.24
19 Cincinnati 1.24
20 Memphis 1.23
21 Hartford 1.22
Peer Average 1.21
22 San Antonio 1.20
23 Baltimore 1.20
24 Orlando 1.19
25 Boston 1.18
26 Salt Lake City 1.16
27 Louisville 1.16
28 Milwaukee 1.16
29 San Francisco 1.14
30 Minneapolis 1.13
31 Washington, D.C. 1.12
32 Atlanta 1.11
33 St. Louis 1.11
34 Richmond 1.11
35 Indianapolis 1.10
36 New Orleans 1.10
37 Houston 1.09
38 Dallas 1.09
39 Birmingham 1.09
40 Miami 1.09
41 Kansas City 1.09
42 Nashville 1.08
43 Austin 1.06
44 Seattle 1.04
45 San Jose 1.03
46 Oklahoma City 0.98
47 Charlotte 0.97
48 Raleigh 0.96
49 Denver 0.96
50 Phoenix 0.93
Absent Teachers
Teachers who were absent more than 10 school days during the school year as a percent of all teachers, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1 Las Vegas 58.6
2 Baltimore 38.5
3 Providence 38.0
4 Virginia Beach 37.3
5 Columbus 36.8
6 Cleveland 35.5
7 Buffalo 35.2
8 Louisville 35.1
9 Hartford 34.1
10 Pittsburgh 34.1
11 Richmond 33.8
12 Raleigh 33.7
13 Birmingham 33.6
14 Seattle 33.2
15 Charlotte 31.6
16 Minneapolis 31.6
17 Oklahoma City 31.3
18 Riverside 30.5
19 Philadelphia 29.4
20 Cincinnati 29.3
21 Portland 29.3
22 Memphis 29.2
23 Atlanta 29.1
24 Kansas City 29.0
25 Houston 28.5
26 Nashville 28.5
27 Miami 27.8
28 Washington, D.C. 27.7
Peer Average 27.4
29 Chicago 27.1
30 New Orleans 26.8
31 Denver 25.7
32 San Diego 25.2
33 New York 25.2
34 San Jose 25.0
35 St. Louis 25.0
36 Boston 24.5
37 Dallas 24.2
38 San Francisco 24.1
39 Indianapolis 24.0
40 Detroit 23.6
41 Tampa 23.5
42 Phoenix 23.5
43 Jacksonville 23.1
44 San Antonio 21.9
45 Milwaukee 21.1
46 Austin 20.4
47 Los Angeles 19.7
48 Salt Lake City 19.5
49 Sacramento 17.5
50 Orlando 11.1

School districts in the St. Louis region are highly segregated, and as a result learning experiences vary considerably by race. The region has a high rate of out of school suspension, and low rate of students enrolled in Advanced Placement courses. The region has fewer students who are chronically absent than most of the peer regions, but there is a wide disparity between races on this metric as well. For a further discussion of learning environments in the St. Louis region, see Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 3.

Segregation of School Districts
Black-white student segregation, based on the dissimilarity index, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1 Cleveland 78.8
2 Milwaukee 77.9
3 Chicago 73.2
4 Buffalo 72.4
5 Detroit 71.2
6 St. Louis 70.6
7 Cincinnati 70.4
8 Indianapolis 69.8
9 Pittsburgh 69.4
10 Boston 68.0
11 New York 67.3
12 Philadelphia 65.1
13 Memphis 61.5
14 Hartford 61.3
15 Columbus 61.2
16 San Francisco 60.9
17 Denver 60.5
18 Birmingham 59.7
Peer Average 59.5
19 Kansas City 58.5
20 Los Angeles 58.3
21 Providence 55.9
22 Oklahoma City 55.6
23 Minneapolis 55.3
24 Nashville 54.4
25 Washington, D.C. 54.3
26 Dallas 52.8
27 Sacramento 51.6
28 New Orleans 50.7
29 Louisville 50.7
30 Houston 49.8
31 Seattle 46.7
32 Baltimore 44.7
33 Jacksonville 43.4
34 Portland 43.0
35 Atlanta 42.9
36 Phoenix 42.6
37 San Diego 42.1
38 Riverside 40.5
39 Virginia Beach 40.0
40 Charlotte 39.4
41 San Antonio 38.0
42 Austin 37.7
43 Richmond 37.2
44 San Jose 35.3
45 Salt Lake City 30.5
46 Orlando 27.7
47 Tampa 25.4
48 Miami 19.8
49 Raleigh 12.1
50 Las Vegas 0.0
Days of School Missed due to Out-of-School Suspension
Days missed per student, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1 Memphis 0.80
2 Virginia Beach 0.61
3 Buffalo 0.59
4 Richmond 0.57
5 St. Louis 0.50
6 Cleveland 0.50
7 Oklahoma City 0.43
8 Columbus 0.39
9 Charlotte 0.39
10 Raleigh 0.39
11 Detroit 0.38
12 New Orleans 0.38
13 Kansas City 0.36
14 Atlanta 0.35
15 Louisville 0.35
16 Las Vegas 0.32
17 Orlando 0.30
18 Birmingham 0.28
19 Milwaukee 0.28
20 Indianapolis 0.25
21 Philadelphia 0.25
22 Phoenix 0.25
23 Cincinnati 0.25
24 Nashville 0.23
25 Seattle 0.23
26 Jacksonville 0.22
Peer Average 0.22
27 Tampa 0.21
28 Pittsburgh 0.21
29 Baltimore 0.20
30 Washington, D.C. 0.20
31 Hartford 0.18
32 Sacramento 0.18
33 Houston 0.17
34 New York 0.17
35 Dallas 0.17
36 Providence 0.16
37 Riverside 0.16
38 San Antonio 0.16
39 Denver 0.14
40 Chicago 0.14
41 Minneapolis 0.14
42 Portland 0.13
43 San Diego 0.13
44 Austin 0.12
45 Boston 0.11
46 San Francisco 0.10
47 Miami 0.07
48 San Jose 0.07
49 Salt Lake City 0.07
50 Los Angeles 0.06
Chronic Absenteeism
Students who have missed 15 days of school or more as a percent of all students, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1 Washington, D.C. 25.6
2 Seattle 24.9
3 Portland 24.0
4 Buffalo 22.7
5 Milwaukee 21.5
6 Las Vegas 21.1
7 Louisville 20.9
8 Baltimore 20.9
9 Denver 20.6
10 Cleveland 20.6
11 Detroit 20.4
12 Jacksonville 19.8
13 Tampa 19.8
14 Orlando 19.8
15 Columbus 19.2
16 New York 18.9
17 Providence 18.7
18 Philadelphia 17.8
19 Pittsburgh 17.1
20 Phoenix 16.8
21 Chicago 16.4
22 New Orleans 16.4
23 Cincinnati 15.9
Peer Average 15.8
24 Miami 15.2
25 Salt Lake City 15.0
26 Virginia Beach 14.9
27 Birmingham 14.1
28 Sacramento 14.1
29 Nashville 14.1
30 St. Louis 13.7
31 Minneapolis 13.4
32 Riverside 13.1
33 Boston 13.0
34 Austin 12.9
35 Atlanta 12.7
36 Hartford 12.6
37 San Antonio 12.6
38 Kansas City 12.3
39 Oklahoma City 12.1
40 Indianapolis 11.9
41 Raleigh 11.8
42 Charlotte 11.8
43 San Francisco 11.7
44 Los Angeles 11.5
45 Dallas 11.4
46 San Diego 11.3
47 Houston 10.9
48 San Jose 10.2
49 Memphis 9.6
50 Richmond 9.6
Advanced Placement Enrollment
Percent of high-school students enrolled in advanced placement courses, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1 Orlando 31.4
2 San Jose 29.6
3 Washington, D.C. 28.3
4 San Diego 27.0
5 Austin 26.8
6 Baltimore 25.7
7 Atlanta 25.5
8 Dallas 25.5
9 Tampa 25.5
10 San Francisco 25.0
11 Houston 24.7
12 Milwaukee 24.5
13 Virginia Beach 23.7
14 Los Angeles 23.6
15 Louisville 23.6
16 Chicago 23.2
17 Miami 22.9
18 Jacksonville 22.5
19 San Antonio 22.0
20 Raleigh 21.7
21 Seattle 21.1
22 Richmond 20.5
Peer Average 20.4
23 Minneapolis 19.8
24 Sacramento 19.7
25 Riverside 19.2
26 Denver 19.1
27 Portland 18.3
28 Oklahoma City 18.3
29 Las Vegas 17.4
30 Boston 17.3
31 Indianapolis 17.1
32 Charlotte 17.0
33 Birmingham 16.9
34 Nashville 16.8
35 Cincinnati 16.5
36 Detroit 16.4
37 Buffalo 16.1
38 Kansas City 16.1
39 Hartford 16.0
40 St. Louis 16.0
41 New York 15.8
42 Pittsburgh 15.4
43 Philadelphia 14.9
44 Salt Lake City 14.2
45 Phoenix 13.7
46 New Orleans 13.5
47 Providence 13.2
48 Columbus 12.9
49 Cleveland 11.6
50 Memphis 7.8

Relative to the peer regions, St. Louis has an above average proportion of children enrolled in preschool, a small (and shrinking) adult population that does not have a high school diploma, and is about average on adults with a high school diploma or equivalent as the highest level of education.

Children Enrolled in Preschool
Percent of 3- and 4-year olds, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B14003)
1 New York 67.9
2 Hartford 64.2
3 Boston 60.4
4 Miami 59.9
5 San Francisco 59.7
6 San Jose 58.6
7 New Orleans 57.3
8 Portland 54.8
9 Providence 54.5
10 Birmingham 53.5
11 Denver 53.4
12 Philadelphia 53.3
13 Austin 53.0
14 St. Louis 52.8
15 Chicago 52.4
16 Atlanta 52.0
17 Orlando 51.3
18 Baltimore 51.1
19 Los Angeles 51.1
20 Cleveland 51.0
21 San Diego 50.8
22 Cincinnati 49.8
23 Washington, D.C. 49.8
24 Salt Lake City 49.0
25 Indianapolis 48.6
26 Tampa 48.4
27 Milwaukee 47.9
28 Raleigh 47.3
29 Buffalo 47.0
30 Detroit 47.0
31 Seattle 46.9
United States 46.7
32 Richmond 46.5
33 Memphis 45.6
34 Sacramento 45.6
35 Houston 45.6
36 Minneapolis 45.3
37 Jacksonville 44.9
38 Pittsburgh 44.6
39 Dallas 44.6
40 Charlotte 44.0
41 Virginia Beach 43.5
42 Nashville 42.7
43 Kansas City 41.6
44 San Antonio 41.2
45 Columbus 41.1
46 Louisville 37.5
47 Oklahoma City 37.3
48 Riverside 34.2
49 Phoenix 33.5
50 Las Vegas 32.9
No High School Diploma or Equivalent
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Los Angeles 18.0
2 Riverside 17.5
3 Houston 14.9
4 Las Vegas 13.2
5 Miami 13.0
6 New York 12.5
7 Dallas 12.2
8 San Antonio 11.6
9 San Jose 11.2
10 New Orleans 10.9
11 Providence 10.8
12 Phoenix 10.6
13 San Francisco 10.6
United States 10.4
14 San Diego 10.3
15 Chicago 10.3
16 Oklahoma City 10.0
17 Memphis 9.6
18 Birmingham 9.6
19 Sacramento 9.4
20 Orlando 9.4
21 Indianapolis 9.2
22 Salt Lake City 8.9
23 Detroit 8.8
24 Tampa 8.7
25 Atlanta 8.5
26 Charlotte 8.5
27 Louisville 8.2
28 Cleveland 8.1
29 Austin 7.9
30 Columbus 7.9
31 Washington, D.C. 7.9
32 Boston 7.8
33 Baltimore 7.7
34 Philadelphia 7.7
35 Denver 7.6
36 Hartford 7.6
37 Nashville 7.6
38 Virginia Beach 7.6
39 Cincinnati 7.5
40 Jacksonville 7.5
41 Buffalo 7.4
42 Portland 7.3
43 Richmond 7.1
44 Seattle 6.9
45 Milwaukee 6.8
46 St. Louis 6.7
47 Kansas City 6.6
48 Raleigh 6.6
49 Minneapolis 5.8
50 Pittsburgh 4.8
Change in No High School Diploma or Equivalent
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Minneapolis -0.9
2 Portland -1.3
3 Seattle -1.3
4 Boston -1.5
5 Columbus -1.5
6 San Francisco -1.5
7 Indianapolis -1.9
8 Salt Lake City -1.9
9 Washington, D.C. -2.0
10 Kansas City -2.1
11 Buffalo -2.1
12 Oklahoma City -2.2
13 Las Vegas -2.3
14 Miami -2.4
15 Hartford -2.4
16 Denver -2.5
17 Sacramento -2.5
18 Virginia Beach -2.6
19 New York -2.7
20 Chicago -2.9
21 Detroit -2.9
22 Baltimore -2.9
23 San Jose -2.9
24 Orlando -3.0
25 Tampa -3.0
26 Phoenix -3.1
27 Pittsburgh -3.1
28 Cincinnati -3.1
29 Philadelphia -3.2
30 Los Angeles -3.2
United States -3.3
31 Milwaukee -3.3
32 Cleveland -3.4
33 Raleigh -3.5
34 St. Louis -3.5
35 San Diego -3.6
36 Louisville -3.7
37 Atlanta -3.7
38 Jacksonville -3.8
39 Birmingham -3.8
40 Charlotte -3.8
41 Riverside -3.9
42 Austin -3.9
43 Dallas -3.9
44 Houston -4.0
45 Memphis -4.2
46 Providence -4.2
47 Nashville -4.2
48 New Orleans -4.3
49 San Antonio -4.7
50 Richmond -5.5
Racial Disparity in Education
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, adults aged 25 and older, with less than a high-school diploma, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Minneapolis 6.16
2 Denver 4.78
3 Milwaukee 4.07
4 Miami 3.58
5 Hartford 3.49
6 Buffalo 3.32
7 Seattle 3.25
8 San Francisco 3.14
9 Boston 2.92
10 New York 2.78
11 Austin 2.78
12 Washington, D.C. 2.73
13 Chicago 2.66
14 Orlando 2.65
15 Columbus 2.56
16 Raleigh 2.55
17 Cleveland 2.52
18 San Diego 2.51
19 Richmond 2.26
20 New Orleans 2.24
21 St. Louis 2.24
22 Philadelphia 2.19
23 Phoenix 2.15
24 Indianapolis 2.13
25 Nashville 2.08
26 Kansas City 2.02
27 Las Vegas 2.02
United States 2.00
28 Cincinnati 1.98
29 Houston 1.97
30 Los Angeles 1.95
31 Pittsburgh 1.95
32 Jacksonville 1.89
33 San Antonio 1.89
34 Dallas 1.87
35 Virginia Beach 1.87
36 Sacramento 1.85
37 Tampa 1.76
38 Louisville 1.75
39 Detroit 1.75
40 Portland 1.73
41 Baltimore 1.68
42 Memphis 1.58
43 Oklahoma City 1.53
44 Charlotte 1.50
45 Providence 1.47
46 Atlanta 1.44
47 Birmingham 1.37
48 Riverside 1.25
High School Diploma or Equivalent as Highest Educational Attainment
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Pittsburgh 31.3
2 Cincinnati 28.7
3 Memphis 28.6
4 Louisville 28.0
5 Las Vegas 27.9
6 Cleveland 27.8
7 Tampa 27.5
8 Riverside 27.3
9 Providence 27.2
10 Birmingham 26.9
11 Columbus 26.8
12 Philadelphia 26.8
13 Buffalo 26.4
14 Hartford 26.3
United States 26.1
15 Detroit 25.9
16 Oklahoma City 25.8
17 Indianapolis 25.6
18 Virginia Beach 25.6
19 Miami 25.6
20 Jacksonville 25.5
21 Milwaukee 25.4
22 Nashville 25.3
23 Kansas City 25.0
24 New Orleans 25.0
25 San Antonio 24.9
26 St. Louis 24.8
27 Orlando 24.6
28 Richmond 24.5
29 Baltimore 23.6
30 Atlanta 23.3
31 Phoenix 23.1
32 New York 23.0
33 Charlotte 23.0
34 Chicago 23.0
35 Salt Lake City 22.9
36 Houston 22.8
37 Dallas 21.6
38 Sacramento 21.0
39 Boston 20.9
40 Minneapolis 20.1
41 Portland 20.0
42 Los Angeles 19.7
43 Seattle 18.4
44 Denver 18.3
45 San Diego 18.0
46 Raleigh 17.8
47 Washington, D.C. 17.4
48 Austin 16.0
49 San Francisco 14.7
50 San Jose 13.2

The region is relatively well educated and is experiencing above average increases in the college education levels of adults. A larger proportion of the St. Louis adult population has an associate degree, bachelor’s degree, or advanced degree than those in many of the peer regions. The region is below the national average on percentage of adults enrolled in college, which is in part due to the large senior population in the region. See the College Attainment performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Enrollment in College or Graduate School
Percent of adults aged 18 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B14004)
1 San Diego 10.2
2 San Jose 10.2
3 Sacramento 10.0
4 Boston 9.9
5 Los Angeles 9.7
6 Hartford 9.6
7 Riverside 9.5
8 Washington, D.C. 9.2
9 Providence 9.2
10 Oklahoma City 9.1
11 Baltimore 9.0
12 Orlando 9.0
13 Austin 9.0
14 Raleigh 8.8
15 San Francisco 8.8
16 Salt Lake City 8.7
17 San Antonio 8.6
18 Philadelphia 8.6
19 Virginia Beach 8.4
20 New York 8.4
21 Atlanta 8.4
22 Buffalo 8.1
23 Cincinnati 8.1
United States 8.1
24 Richmond 7.9
25 Dallas 7.9
26 Chicago 7.8
27 Columbus 7.8
28 Milwaukee 7.6
29 Phoenix 7.6
30 Birmingham 7.6
31 Memphis 7.6
32 Miami 7.6
33 New Orleans 7.5
34 Houston 7.5
35 Nashville 7.4
36 Minneapolis 7.3
37 Seattle 7.3
38 Tampa 7.2
39 Pittsburgh 7.1
40 St. Louis 7.0
41 Cleveland 7.0
42 Denver 6.8
43 Indianapolis 6.7
44 Kansas City 6.6
45 Detroit 6.6
46 Portland 6.6
47 Jacksonville 6.6
48 Louisville 6.5
49 Charlotte 6.3
50 Las Vegas 6.2
Some College, No Degree as Highest Educational Attainment
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Sacramento 23.6
2 Las Vegas 23.5
3 Virginia Beach 22.8
4 Riverside 22.6
5 Portland 22.4
6 New Orleans 22.4
7 Oklahoma City 22.3
8 Phoenix 22.2
9 Detroit 21.8
10 Memphis 21.8
11 San Antonio 21.6
12 St. Louis 21.1
13 Salt Lake City 21.0
14 Kansas City 20.9
15 San Diego 20.7
16 Jacksonville 20.1
17 Birmingham 20.1
18 Louisville 20.0
19 Milwaukee 19.4
20 Cleveland 19.4
21 Dallas 19.3
United States 19.1
22 Houston 19.1
23 Seattle 18.9
24 Richmond 18.8
25 Nashville 18.8
26 Tampa 18.7
27 Minneapolis 18.6
28 Charlotte 18.4
29 Cincinnati 18.4
30 Indianapolis 18.2
31 Atlanta 18.2
32 Chicago 18.2
33 Buffalo 18.1
34 Columbus 18.0
35 Los Angeles 17.7
36 Austin 17.6
37 Orlando 17.6
38 Baltimore 17.5
39 Denver 17.2
40 Providence 17.1
41 Hartford 16.2
42 Philadelphia 16.0
43 Raleigh 15.4
44 Pittsburgh 15.0
45 Miami 15.0
46 San Francisco 14.6
47 Washington, D.C. 14.4
48 New York 13.9
49 San Jose 13.2
50 Boston 13.0
Racial Disparity in College Attendance
Ratio of non-Hispanic white to black adults, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002B, B15002H)
1 Milwaukee 1.49
2 Miami 1.48
3 Salt Lake City 1.43
4 Hartford 1.36
5 Richmond 1.33
6 Minneapolis 1.32
7 New York 1.31
8 Denver 1.30
9 Orlando 1.29
10 Columbus 1.28
11 Buffalo 1.27
12 New Orleans 1.27
13 Philadelphia 1.25
14 Memphis 1.24
15 Washington, D.C. 1.24
16 Chicago 1.24
17 Detroit 1.24
18 San Francisco 1.23
19 Baltimore 1.23
20 St. Louis 1.23
21 Providence 1.22
22 Boston 1.22
23 Indianapolis 1.22
24 Raleigh 1.21
25 Jacksonville 1.21
26 Las Vegas 1.21
27 Cleveland 1.21
United States 1.19
28 Kansas City 1.19
29 Los Angeles 1.18
30 Dallas 1.17
31 Seattle 1.17
32 Virginia Beach 1.17
33 Cincinnati 1.16
34 Tampa 1.16
35 Nashville 1.16
36 San Jose 1.16
37 Houston 1.16
38 Phoenix 1.16
39 Birmingham 1.16
40 Sacramento 1.15
41 Oklahoma City 1.13
42 Austin 1.13
43 San Diego 1.13
44 San Antonio 1.12
45 Pittsburgh 1.12
46 Portland 1.11
47 Atlanta 1.11
48 Louisville 1.11
49 Charlotte 1.08
50 Riverside 1.05
Racial Disparity in College Graduation
Ratio of non-Hispanic white to black adults, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002B, B15002H)
1 Milwaukee 1.68
2 Detroit 1.39
3 Buffalo 1.37
4 Salt Lake City 1.37
5 Philadelphia 1.36
6 St. Louis 1.35
7 Chicago 1.34
8 Louisville 1.33
9 San Francisco 1.33
10 Cleveland 1.33
11 Providence 1.31
12 Hartford 1.31
13 Pittsburgh 1.31
14 San Diego 1.30
15 New Orleans 1.29
16 Jacksonville 1.28
17 Los Angeles 1.26
18 Denver 1.25
19 Seattle 1.25
20 San Jose 1.24
21 Cincinnati 1.24
22 Richmond 1.24
23 Columbus 1.24
24 Memphis 1.24
25 New York 1.23
26 Kansas City 1.23
27 Raleigh 1.23
28 Las Vegas 1.22
29 Minneapolis 1.22
30 Washington, D.C. 1.21
31 Oklahoma City 1.21
32 Baltimore 1.21
33 Indianapolis 1.19
United States 1.19
34 Miami 1.19
35 Houston 1.18
36 Virginia Beach 1.18
37 Birmingham 1.17
38 Dallas 1.17
39 Charlotte 1.17
40 Sacramento 1.16
41 Boston 1.15
42 Austin 1.14
43 Portland 1.13
44 San Antonio 1.13
45 Atlanta 1.13
46 Nashville 1.12
47 Riverside 1.10
48 Phoenix 1.10
49 Orlando 1.10
50 Tampa 1.05
Associate Degree as Highest Educational Attainment
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Buffalo 12.0
2 Orlando 11.4
3 Pittsburgh 10.8
4 Jacksonville 10.5
5 Minneapolis 10.4
6 Tampa 10.1
7 Sacramento 9.7
8 Virginia Beach 9.4
9 Charlotte 9.4
10 Miami 9.4
11 Raleigh 9.3
12 Salt Lake City 9.3
13 St. Louis 9.3
14 Phoenix 9.3
15 San Antonio 9.2
16 Milwaukee 9.1
17 Detroit 8.9
18 Seattle 8.9
United States 8.8
19 Portland 8.6
20 Cleveland 8.5
21 Riverside 8.5
22 Louisville 8.5
23 Cincinnati 8.5
24 Indianapolis 8.4
25 Las Vegas 8.3
26 Providence 8.3
27 Hartford 8.2
28 Atlanta 8.2
29 Memphis 8.2
30 San Diego 8.0
31 Oklahoma City 7.8
32 Kansas City 7.8
33 Richmond 7.5
34 Dallas 7.5
35 Birmingham 7.4
36 Chicago 7.4
37 Denver 7.4
38 Columbus 7.3
39 Nashville 7.2
40 Houston 7.2
41 Philadelphia 7.1
42 Los Angeles 7.0
43 New Orleans 6.9
44 Boston 6.8
45 Baltimore 6.8
46 New York 6.7
47 San Jose 6.6
48 San Francisco 6.6
49 Austin 6.4
50 Washington, D.C. 5.9
Change in Associate Degree as Highest Educational Attainment
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Los Angeles 3.0
2 San Antonio 1.4
3 Jacksonville 1.3
4 Charlotte 1.3
5 Orlando 1.3
6 Nashville 1.2
7 Atlanta 1.2
8 Houston 1.1
9 New Orleans 1.1
10 St. Louis 1.1
11 Memphis 1.1
12 Pittsburgh 1.0
13 Dallas 0.9
14 Tampa 0.9
United States 0.8
15 Las Vegas 0.8
16 Louisville 0.8
17 Phoenix 0.8
18 Salt Lake City 0.8
19 Oklahoma City 0.7
20 Cleveland 0.7
21 Raleigh 0.6
22 Buffalo 0.6
23 Milwaukee 0.6
24 Detroit 0.6
25 Riverside 0.6
26 Indianapolis 0.6
27 Richmond 0.6
28 Chicago 0.5
29 Minneapolis 0.5
30 Cincinnati 0.4
31 Philadelphia 0.4
32 Miami 0.4
33 Baltimore 0.3
34 Sacramento 0.3
35 Washington, D.C. 0.3
36 New York 0.2
37 Virginia Beach 0.2
38 Kansas City 0.1
39 Portland 0.0
40 Hartford 0.0
41 Austin -0.2
42 Birmingham -0.2
43 Columbus -0.2
44 Seattle -0.3
45 Denver -0.3
46 Boston -0.4
47 Providence -0.5
48 San Francisco -0.6
49 San Jose -0.7
50 San Diego -2.1
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 San Jose 55.8
2 Washington, D.C. 54.5
3 San Francisco 53.6
4 Austin 52.1
5 Boston 51.4
6 Raleigh 50.8
7 Denver 49.4
8 Seattle 46.9
9 Minneapolis 45.1
10 Baltimore 44.4
11 New York 43.9
12 San Diego 43.0
13 Philadelphia 42.3
14 Richmond 42.1
15 Atlanta 41.8
16 Portland 41.7
17 Hartford 41.6
18 Chicago 41.1
19 Nashville 41.1
20 Charlotte 40.7
21 Columbus 40.0
22 Kansas City 39.7
23 Dallas 39.4
24 Milwaukee 39.3
25 Indianapolis 38.5
26 St. Louis 38.1
27 Pittsburgh 38.1
28 Salt Lake City 37.9
29 Los Angeles 37.6
30 Miami 37.0
31 Orlando 36.9
32 Cincinnati 36.9
33 Providence 36.7
34 Jacksonville 36.5
35 Sacramento 36.2
36 Cleveland 36.1
37 Houston 36.0
38 Buffalo 36.0
39 Birmingham 36.0
United States 35.7
40 Louisville 35.3
41 Tampa 35.0
42 Phoenix 34.9
43 New Orleans 34.7
44 Virginia Beach 34.7
45 Detroit 34.5
46 Oklahoma City 34.0
47 San Antonio 32.7
48 Memphis 31.9
49 Las Vegas 27.1
50 Riverside 24.1
Change in Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 Austin 11.5
2 Denver 9.5
3 Richmond 9.5
4 San Jose 9.3
5 Orlando 9.2
6 Seattle 9.1
7 Raleigh 8.8
8 Louisville 8.7
9 San Francisco 8.6
10 Nashville 8.5
11 Boston 8.5
12 Jacksonville 8.5
13 Philadelphia 8.3
14 San Diego 8.3
15 Birmingham 8.1
16 New Orleans 8.0
17 Baltimore 8.0
18 Tampa 7.9
19 Dallas 7.8
20 Cleveland 7.7
21 Miami 7.6
22 Pittsburgh 7.6
23 St. Louis 7.4
24 Cincinnati 7.3
25 Providence 7.3
26 Charlotte 7.2
27 New York 7.0
28 Milwaukee 6.8
United States 6.6
29 Portland 6.5
30 Atlanta 6.5
31 Houston 6.4
32 Indianapolis 6.4
33 Chicago 6.3
34 Washington, D.C. 6.3
35 Buffalo 6.3
36 Detroit 6.3
37 Kansas City 6.2
38 San Antonio 6.1
39 Sacramento 5.9
40 Columbus 5.9
41 Los Angeles 5.8
42 Virginia Beach 5.8
43 Memphis 5.7
44 Oklahoma City 5.6
45 Minneapolis 5.6
46 Phoenix 5.6
47 Salt Lake City 5.5
48 Las Vegas 5.0
49 Hartford 5.0
50 Riverside 4.5
Advanced Degrees
Adults with a post-graduate degree as a percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 San Jose 27.7
2 Washington, D.C. 27.2
3 Boston 23.9
4 San Francisco 23.6
5 Baltimore 20.1
6 Austin 19.4
7 Seattle 19.2
8 Raleigh 19.0
9 New York 18.8
10 Hartford 18.5
11 Philadelphia 18.1
12 Denver 18.0
13 San Diego 17.0
14 Chicago 16.6
15 Atlanta 16.4
16 Richmond 16.4
17 Portland 16.2
18 Buffalo 16.2
19 Minneapolis 16.0
20 St. Louis 15.5
21 Kansas City 15.4
22 Pittsburgh 15.1
23 Columbus 14.9
24 Cleveland 14.7
25 Cincinnati 14.6
26 Nashville 14.6
27 Louisville 14.5
28 Milwaukee 14.5
29 Dallas 14.4
30 Virginia Beach 14.3
31 Miami 14.3
32 New Orleans 14.2
33 Providence 14.2
34 Birmingham 14.1
United States 14.0
35 Charlotte 14.0
36 Detroit 14.0
37 Indianapolis 13.8
38 Los Angeles 13.7
39 Salt Lake City 13.7
40 Houston 13.4
41 Sacramento 13.3
42 Phoenix 12.9
43 Tampa 12.8
44 Jacksonville 12.8
45 Orlando 12.7
46 Memphis 12.3
47 San Antonio 12.2
48 Oklahoma City 12.0
49 Las Vegas 9.3
50 Riverside 8.9
Change in Advanced Degrees
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1 San Jose 7.0
2 Austin 6.1
3 San Francisco 5.9
4 Seattle 5.6
5 Raleigh 4.9
6 Boston 4.8
7 New Orleans 4.8
8 Philadelphia 4.7
9 Louisville 4.4
10 Baltimore 4.2
11 Richmond 4.1
12 Jacksonville 4.0
13 Washington, D.C. 4.0
14 Nashville 3.9
15 Dallas 3.9
16 St. Louis 3.8
17 Denver 3.8
18 Virginia Beach 3.8
19 Cincinnati 3.8
20 Atlanta 3.8
21 San Diego 3.7
22 Cleveland 3.7
23 New York 3.6
24 Miami 3.6
25 Charlotte 3.5
26 Tampa 3.5
27 Kansas City 3.3
28 Pittsburgh 3.3
29 Birmingham 3.3
30 Orlando 3.3
31 Milwaukee 3.3
32 Chicago 3.3
33 Portland 3.2
United States 3.1
34 Houston 3.1
35 Buffalo 3.1
36 Memphis 3.1
37 Sacramento 2.9
38 Detroit 2.9
39 Minneapolis 2.9
40 Columbus 2.8
41 Providence 2.8
42 Los Angeles 2.7
43 San Antonio 2.5
44 Indianapolis 2.5
45 Oklahoma City 2.3
46 Phoenix 2.3
47 Hartford 2.2
48 Riverside 2.1
49 Las Vegas 1.9
50 Salt Lake City 1.8
Racial Disparity in Higher Education
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, adults aged 25 and older, with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Milwaukee 3.21
2 Buffalo 2.22
3 Miami 2.13
4 San Francisco 2.01
5 Hartford 2.00
6 Cleveland 1.97
7 Detroit 1.97
8 Philadelphia 1.94
9 Chicago 1.91
10 Jacksonville 1.87
11 New York 1.86
12 Denver 1.85
13 Richmond 1.85
14 St. Louis 1.82
15 Providence 1.80
16 Cincinnati 1.80
17 Louisville 1.77
18 Pittsburgh 1.77
19 Memphis 1.77
20 Raleigh 1.77
21 Kansas City 1.77
22 Minneapolis 1.76
23 Columbus 1.74
24 New Orleans 1.73
25 Seattle 1.70
26 San Diego 1.68
27 Los Angeles 1.67
28 Indianapolis 1.67
29 Las Vegas 1.65
30 Washington, D.C. 1.61
31 Baltimore 1.61
32 Orlando 1.58
33 Boston 1.58
34 Virginia Beach 1.56
35 Birmingham 1.56
United States 1.56
36 Dallas 1.55
37 Oklahoma City 1.51
38 San Antonio 1.51
39 Houston 1.49
40 Nashville 1.42
41 Sacramento 1.42
42 Charlotte 1.41
43 Atlanta 1.40
44 Austin 1.40
45 Tampa 1.37
46 Phoenix 1.37
47 Portland 1.25
48 Riverside 1.24

A fairly large percentage of adults in the St. Louis region have degrees in science, engineering, and related fields, but the proportion is small relative to the peer regions. Further, there is evidence that there is already a growing shortage of qualified workers in this field. The region has relatively high proportions of adults with degrees in the business and education fields and is below average on percentage with degrees in arts, humanities, and other similar fields.

Degrees in Science, Engineering, and Related Fields
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1 San Jose 65.6
2 San Francisco 56.3
3 Seattle 55.3
4 San Diego 52.4
5 Washington, D.C. 52.3
6 Raleigh 51.2
7 Sacramento 50.9
8 Boston 50.6
9 Houston 50.4
10 Portland 49.2
11 Baltimore 49.1
12 Denver 49.1
13 Hartford 49.0
14 Austin 47.6
15 Richmond 46.8
16 Pittsburgh 46.7
17 Los Angeles 46.5
18 Philadelphia 46.4
19 Detroit 46.4
20 Salt Lake City 46.2
21 Columbus 46.2
22 Virginia Beach 46.2
United States 46.1
23 Riverside 45.8
24 New York 45.2
25 Tampa 45.2
26 Indianapolis 45.1
27 Cincinnati 45.1
28 Minneapolis 45.1
29 Cleveland 44.8
30 Atlanta 44.8
31 New Orleans 44.8
32 Providence 44.7
33 Chicago 44.7
34 San Antonio 44.5
35 Phoenix 44.3
36 Dallas 44.2
37 Miami 44.0
38 Buffalo 43.6
39 St. Louis 43.4
40 Milwaukee 43.3
41 Orlando 42.8
42 Las Vegas 42.7
43 Jacksonville 42.3
44 Louisville 42.3
45 Charlotte 41.5
46 Birmingham 41.4
47 Kansas City 40.6
48 Memphis 40.2
49 Nashville 40.1
50 Oklahoma City 39.0
Degrees in Business
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1 Charlotte 26.6
2 Memphis 26.1
3 Miami 25.7
4 Dallas 25.0
5 Orlando 24.9
6 Las Vegas 24.4
7 Nashville 24.2
8 Atlanta 24.0
9 Jacksonville 23.6
10 Tampa 23.5
11 Birmingham 23.5
12 Phoenix 22.9
13 Houston 22.5
14 Oklahoma City 22.5
15 Detroit 22.2
16 San Antonio 22.1
17 Kansas City 21.8
18 St. Louis 21.7
19 Chicago 21.1
20 Columbus 21.1
21 Riverside 20.9
22 Louisville 20.8
23 Cincinnati 20.7
24 Cleveland 20.5
25 Milwaukee 20.4
26 Minneapolis 20.3
27 Philadelphia 20.3
28 Indianapolis 20.1
29 New York 19.8
30 Denver 19.7
United States 19.5
31 Pittsburgh 19.4
32 Raleigh 19.1
33 Salt Lake City 19.1
34 Austin 19.1
35 New Orleans 18.9
36 Richmond 18.8
37 Buffalo 18.7
38 Los Angeles 18.4
39 Virginia Beach 18.1
40 San Diego 18.0
41 Baltimore 17.9
42 Hartford 17.8
43 Providence 17.6
44 Washington, D.C. 17.3
45 Boston 17.1
46 Sacramento 17.0
47 San Francisco 15.7
48 Seattle 15.4
49 Portland 15.0
50 San Jose 14.6
Degrees in Education
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1 Oklahoma City 13.3
2 St. Louis 12.7
3 Buffalo 12.7
4 Birmingham 12.3
5 Kansas City 12.3
6 Pittsburgh 12.2
7 Milwaukee 12.2
8 Memphis 12.2
9 Cleveland 12.1
10 Virginia Beach 11.9
11 Indianapolis 11.4
12 Louisville 11.1
13 San Antonio 11.0
14 Columbus 10.9
15 Cincinnati 10.9
16 Phoenix 10.9
17 New Orleans 10.9
United States 10.7
18 Jacksonville 10.7
19 Providence 10.6
20 Hartford 10.5
21 Detroit 10.4
22 Orlando 10.3
23 Philadelphia 10.2
24 Miami 10.2
25 Las Vegas 10.0
26 Tampa 9.9
27 Chicago 9.8
28 Nashville 9.7
29 Charlotte 9.7
30 Minneapolis 9.5
31 Houston 9.4
32 Salt Lake City 9.4
33 Baltimore 9.2
34 Dallas 9.0
35 Richmond 9.0
36 Atlanta 8.8
37 New York 8.7
38 Riverside 8.4
39 Portland 8.0
40 Raleigh 8.0
41 Austin 7.4
42 Boston 7.2
43 Seattle 6.4
44 Denver 6.3
45 Sacramento 6.1
46 Washington, D.C. 6.0
47 San Diego 5.9
48 Los Angeles 5.5
49 San Francisco 4.1
50 San Jose 3.7
Degrees in Arts, Humanities, and Other Fields
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1 Los Angeles 29.5
2 Portland 27.8
3 Providence 27.1
4 New York 26.3
5 Nashville 26.0
6 Sacramento 26.0
7 Austin 25.9
8 Louisville 25.9
9 Richmond 25.5
10 New Orleans 25.4
11 Salt Lake City 25.3
12 Kansas City 25.3
13 Oklahoma City 25.3
14 Minneapolis 25.1
15 Boston 25.1
16 Buffalo 25.1
17 Riverside 24.9
18 Denver 24.9
19 Washington, D.C. 24.5
20 Chicago 24.4
21 Milwaukee 24.1
22 San Francisco 23.9
23 Virginia Beach 23.8
24 Baltimore 23.7
United States 23.7
25 San Diego 23.7
26 Indianapolis 23.4
27 Jacksonville 23.4
28 Cincinnati 23.3
29 Philadelphia 23.1
30 Seattle 22.9
31 Las Vegas 22.8
32 Birmingham 22.8
33 Hartford 22.7
34 Cleveland 22.6
35 San Antonio 22.4
36 Atlanta 22.3
37 St. Louis 22.3
38 Charlotte 22.2
39 Orlando 22.0
40 Phoenix 21.9
41 Dallas 21.8
42 Raleigh 21.7
43 Columbus 21.7
44 Pittsburgh 21.7
45 Memphis 21.6
46 Tampa 21.4
47 Detroit 21.0
48 Miami 20.1
49 Houston 17.7
50 San Jose 16.2

Income and Economic Opportunity

The income of residents in the St. Louis region is about average among the peer regions, but the low cost of living means residents’ dollars go further in St. Louis than in many other areas of the country. While a smaller proportion of the St. Louis population lives in poverty than in many of the peer regions, racial and other disparities are large in the region and mean there is less opportunity to thrive in the economy for some population groups. See page 25 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The St. Louis region is about the same as the U.S. average on measures of overall income but has relatively high racial disparity in income. When the difference in cost of living among the peer regions is considered, the St. Louis region’s income is able to purchase more goods and services due to relatively low prices. Income consists of earned income (wage and salary, supplements to wages and salaries, and proprietors’/self-employment) and unearned income (transfers and dividends, interest, and rent). The region is about average on unearned income but lags behind on the categories of earned income.

Median Household Income
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19013)
1 San Jose 148,900
2 San Francisco 128,151
3 Washington, D.C. 117,432
4 Seattle 106,909
5 Boston 104,299
6 Denver 98,975
7 San Diego 98,928
8 Austin 94,604
9 Raleigh 92,739
10 Salt Lake City 91,891
11 New York 91,562
12 Minneapolis 91,341
13 Baltimore 90,505
14 Portland 89,312
15 Sacramento 89,237
16 Los Angeles 87,743
17 Hartford 85,723
18 Atlanta 84,876
19 Philadelphia 84,123
20 Chicago 82,914
21 Phoenix 82,884
22 Dallas 82,823
23 Riverside 82,803
24 Providence 81,784
25 Richmond 81,388
26 Nashville 80,034
27 Jacksonville 77,583
28 Charlotte 77,154
29 Indianapolis 75,824
30 Columbus 75,777
31 Kansas City 75,280
32 Cincinnati 75,062
33 Houston 74,863
United States 74,755
34 Virginia Beach 74,556
35 St. Louis 74,531
36 Orlando 71,857
37 Detroit 71,265
38 Milwaukee 70,898
39 Las Vegas 70,797
40 Miami 70,769
41 Pittsburgh 70,607
42 San Antonio 70,538
43 Louisville 69,547
44 Tampa 69,290
45 Buffalo 68,698
46 Birmingham 67,242
47 Oklahoma City 66,301
48 Cleveland 65,198
49 Memphis 64,008
50 New Orleans 61,602
Racial Disparity in Income
Ratio of non-Hispanic white to non-Hispanic black median household income, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 San Francisco 2.26
2 Milwaukee 2.21
3 Buffalo 2.17
4 Chicago 2.05
5 Cleveland 1.99
6 Cincinnati 1.98
7 Philadelphia 1.96
8 Pittsburgh 1.92
9 New Orleans 1.91
10 Detroit 1.87
11 Minneapolis 1.86
12 Oklahoma City 1.83
13 Indianapolis 1.82
14 Los Angeles 1.80
15 Hartford 1.79
16 Memphis 1.79
17 Kansas City 1.79
18 New York 1.79
19 Denver 1.78
20 Baltimore 1.78
21 Birmingham 1.77
22 St. Louis 1.77
23 Houston 1.68
24 Columbus 1.67
25 Raleigh 1.67
26 Boston 1.67
27 Dallas 1.66
28 Virginia Beach 1.66
29 Richmond 1.65
30 Las Vegas 1.62
31 Louisville 1.61
32 Seattle 1.60
33 Charlotte 1.59
34 San Antonio 1.58
35 Miami 1.58
United States 1.57
36 Jacksonville 1.53
37 San Diego 1.53
38 Washington, D.C. 1.51
39 Portland 1.51
40 Nashville 1.50
41 Sacramento 1.48
42 Atlanta 1.47
43 Phoenix 1.46
44 Orlando 1.44
45 Austin 1.34
46 Tampa 1.34
47 Riverside 1.26
48 Providence 1.07
Per Capita Income
In dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4)
1 San Jose 141,516
2 San Francisco 123,736
3 Boston 94,082
4 Seattle 92,113
5 Denver 84,788
6 New York 84,084
7 Washington, D.C. 83,010
8 Miami 77,732
9 Los Angeles 76,445
10 Minneapolis 75,164
11 Austin 75,119
12 San Diego 74,326
13 Nashville 74,035
14 Philadelphia 73,291
15 Chicago 72,512
16 Baltimore 71,420
17 Raleigh 70,628
18 Dallas 70,493
19 Hartford 69,787
20 St. Louis 69,698
21 Portland 69,435
22 Indianapolis 68,719
23 Houston 68,344
24 Richmond 68,205
25 Milwaukee 68,155
26 Sacramento 66,940
27 Pittsburgh 65,792
United States 65,470
28 Cincinnati 65,253
29 Charlotte 65,156
30 Salt Lake City 65,085
31 Atlanta 64,107
32 Providence 63,746
33 Kansas City 63,417
34 Cleveland 62,921
35 Jacksonville 62,729
36 Birmingham 62,262
37 Phoenix 61,840
38 New Orleans 61,801
39 Louisville 61,490
40 Detroit 61,322
41 Columbus 61,228
42 Oklahoma City 60,687
43 Tampa 60,091
44 Las Vegas 59,150
45 Virginia Beach 57,873
46 Memphis 56,440
47 Buffalo 56,414
48 San Antonio 55,180
49 Orlando 53,959
50 Riverside 50,407
Purchasing Power
Personal income per capita adjusted for regional price levels in chained dollars, 2019
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (MARPI)
1 San Jose 82,718
2 San Francisco 71,668
3 Boston 64,783
4 Seattle 62,619
5 Pittsburgh 59,856
6 Denver 59,283
7 Nashville 59,013
8 Hartford 58,377
9 New York 58,355
10 Washington, D.C. 58,205
11 Philadelphia 58,099
12 St. Louis 57,999
13 Minneapolis 57,363
14 Austin 57,297
15 Cincinnati 56,825
16 Indianapolis 56,817
17 Chicago 56,747
18 Milwaukee 56,740
19 Cleveland 56,639
20 Richmond 56,181
21 Baltimore 55,552
22 Birmingham 55,530
23 Raleigh 55,284
24 Kansas City 54,443
25 New Orleans 53,623
26 Louisville 53,433
27 Dallas 53,318
28 Houston 53,173
29 Columbus 52,604
30 Charlotte 52,427
31 Portland 52,426
32 Detroit 52,180
33 Los Angeles 51,566
United States 51,424
34 Providence 51,381
35 Sacramento 51,350
36 Atlanta 51,187
37 Buffalo 50,855
38 Salt Lake City 50,721
39 Miami 50,120
40 Oklahoma City 49,966
41 San Diego 49,642
42 Virginia Beach 49,527
43 Jacksonville 49,477
44 Memphis 49,198
45 San Antonio 47,946
46 Las Vegas 46,273
47 Tampa 45,463
48 Phoenix 44,743
49 Orlando 41,906
50 Riverside 36,155
Average Earnings per Job
In dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4)
1 San Jose 164,396
2 San Francisco 124,167
3 Seattle 103,150
4 Boston 97,533
5 New York 93,485
6 Washington, D.C. 92,321
7 Denver 86,617
8 Hartford 80,637
9 Nashville 80,172
10 Minneapolis 78,695
11 Houston 78,550
12 San Diego 78,488
13 Chicago 78,066
14 Los Angeles 78,053
15 Indianapolis 77,975
16 Philadelphia 77,902
17 Portland 77,792
18 Sacramento 77,513
19 Baltimore 76,896
20 Austin 76,283
21 Charlotte 75,193
22 Dallas 74,414
23 Salt Lake City 73,402
24 Pittsburgh 73,005
25 Raleigh 72,418
26 Detroit 71,701
27 Richmond 71,611
28 Milwaukee 71,601
United States 71,586
29 Kansas City 71,538
30 Cincinnati 70,294
31 St. Louis 69,854
32 Phoenix 69,773
33 Atlanta 68,987
34 Buffalo 68,964
35 Columbus 68,576
36 Providence 68,520
37 Birmingham 67,411
38 Cleveland 67,333
39 Jacksonville 67,010
40 Oklahoma City 65,944
41 Louisville 65,202
42 Virginia Beach 63,682
43 New Orleans 63,375
44 Tampa 63,023
45 Memphis 62,031
46 Las Vegas 61,960
47 Miami 60,347
48 Riverside 60,136
49 San Antonio 59,325
50 Orlando 58,760
Average Wage per Job
In dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4)
1 San Jose 168,183
2 San Francisco 126,019
3 Seattle 100,479
4 Boston 96,341
5 New York 95,390
6 Washington, D.C. 93,880
7 Denver 83,367
8 Austin 83,175
9 Los Angeles 79,609
10 Chicago 78,869
11 San Diego 78,272
12 Houston 76,685
13 Hartford 76,563
14 Dallas 76,110
15 Baltimore 75,980
16 Atlanta 75,864
17 Portland 75,704
18 Philadelphia 75,493
19 Minneapolis 75,099
20 Charlotte 74,188
21 Sacramento 73,857
22 Raleigh 73,162
23 Miami 73,039
24 Detroit 70,859
United States 70,282
25 Salt Lake City 70,080
26 Nashville 70,060
27 Phoenix 69,535
28 Pittsburgh 68,715
29 Richmond 68,144
30 Tampa 67,316
31 Cincinnati 67,183
32 Columbus 67,156
33 Cleveland 67,104
34 Jacksonville 67,032
35 Kansas City 66,913
36 St. Louis 66,560
37 Milwaukee 66,016
38 Indianapolis 65,994
39 Birmingham 64,472
40 Providence 63,865
41 Orlando 63,590
42 Memphis 63,339
43 New Orleans 63,290
44 Las Vegas 62,278
45 Louisville 61,935
46 San Antonio 61,370
47 Virginia Beach 61,311
48 Buffalo 60,955
49 Riverside 58,610
50 Oklahoma City 58,532

In recent years, the St. Louis region experienced a larger increase in per capita income than for the nation as a whole and many peer regions. While the average wage per job in the region has increased, self-employment income has declined. This has resulted in the St. Louis region diverging from the longer-term trend of tracking the United States on average earnings per job, to now being below average. See page 25 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion.

Change in Median Household Income
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19013); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Phoenix 12.9
2 Riverside 11.9
3 Tampa 11.2
4 Jacksonville 10.7
5 Sacramento 10.1
6 Orlando 9.3
7 Miami 9.2
8 Seattle 9.0
9 Atlanta 8.7
10 San Diego 8.7
11 Denver 8.2
12 Salt Lake City 7.6
13 Austin 7.4
14 Raleigh 7.0
15 Indianapolis 6.6
16 San Jose 6.2
17 Birmingham 6.1
18 Charlotte 5.7
19 San Francisco 5.5
20 Memphis 5.2
21 Providence 5.0
22 Los Angeles 5.0
23 Nashville 4.8
24 San Antonio 4.1
25 Cleveland 4.0
26 Portland 4.0
United States 3.8
27 Buffalo 3.8
28 Las Vegas 3.7
29 Dallas 3.0
30 Philadelphia 2.8
31 Detroit 2.2
32 New Orleans 2.1
33 Cincinnati 2.0
34 Boston 1.9
35 New York 1.8
36 Louisville 1.7
37 Chicago 1.5
38 St. Louis 1.4
39 Pittsburgh 1.1
40 Richmond 0.8
41 Hartford 0.5
42 Milwaukee -0.1
43 Minneapolis -0.5
44 Columbus -0.5
45 Kansas City -0.6
46 Oklahoma City -1.3
47 Washington, D.C. -1.3
48 Houston -1.7
49 Baltimore -2.1
50 Virginia Beach -2.8
Change in per Capita Income
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 San Jose 23.2
2 Denver 20.5
3 Miami 17.8
4 San Francisco 15.7
5 Salt Lake City 14.8
6 Phoenix 14.5
7 Nashville 14.3
8 Seattle 13.3
9 Raleigh 13.2
10 St. Louis 13.0
11 Indianapolis 12.4
12 Austin 11.8
13 Oklahoma City 10.5
14 Riverside 10.4
15 Tampa 10.2
16 Jacksonville 10.1
17 Los Angeles 9.9
18 Portland 9.8
19 Dallas 9.3
20 San Diego 9.3
21 Charlotte 9.1
22 Orlando 8.9
23 Louisville 8.8
24 Las Vegas 8.8
25 Birmingham 8.4
26 Boston 8.1
27 Sacramento 7.5
United States 7.5
28 Cincinnati 7.1
29 Milwaukee 7.0
30 Chicago 6.6
31 Richmond 6.5
32 Minneapolis 6.5
33 Providence 6.1
34 Memphis 6.1
35 Houston 6.0
36 Atlanta 5.4
37 New Orleans 4.7
38 Cleveland 4.5
39 Columbus 4.5
40 Detroit 4.2
41 Baltimore 4.0
42 Kansas City 3.9
43 Pittsburgh 3.9
44 Philadelphia 3.2
45 New York 2.6
46 Washington, D.C. 2.4
47 Virginia Beach 2.3
48 Buffalo 1.7
49 San Antonio 1.6
50 Hartford -1.5
Change in Purchasing Power
Percent change in personal income per capita adjusted for regional price levels in chained dollars, 2014-2019
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (MARPI)
1 San Jose 36.5
2 Salt Lake City 20.0
3 San Francisco 18.9
4 Pittsburgh 17.8
5 Austin 16.2
6 Los Angeles 16.1
7 Birmingham 15.4
8 Seattle 15.2
9 Louisville 15.2
10 Nashville 15.2
11 Las Vegas 15.1
12 Riverside 14.9
13 Detroit 14.8
14 Portland 14.5
15 Chicago 14.5
16 Indianapolis 14.4
17 New York 14.2
18 Denver 13.7
19 Raleigh 13.6
20 Buffalo 13.5
21 Charlotte 13.5
22 Miami 13.5
23 Philadelphia 13.0
24 San Diego 12.8
25 Baltimore 12.7
26 Atlanta 12.6
27 St. Louis 12.5
28 Jacksonville 12.5
29 Washington, D.C. 12.4
30 Cincinnati 12.4
31 Orlando 12.4
United States 12.3
32 Tampa 12.3
33 Milwaukee 12.3
34 Memphis 12.3
35 Boston 12.0
36 Cleveland 11.7
37 Phoenix 11.4
38 Virginia Beach 11.3
39 Richmond 11.2
40 Sacramento 11.1
41 New Orleans 11.0
42 Providence 10.8
43 Kansas City 10.4
44 Columbus 10.3
45 Minneapolis 10.1
46 Dallas 9.3
47 San Antonio 8.8
48 Hartford 6.3
49 Oklahoma City 5.0
50 Houston 0.9
Change in Average Earnings per Job
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Denver 11.3
2 San Jose 10.3
3 Seattle 9.8
4 San Francisco 8.7
5 Salt Lake City 5.9
6 Indianapolis 5.7
7 Portland 5.2
8 Raleigh 4.7
9 Phoenix 4.7
10 Nashville 4.1
11 Oklahoma City 3.6
12 Boston 3.1
13 Jacksonville 2.7
14 Tampa 1.9
15 Las Vegas 1.1
16 Austin 1.1
17 Charlotte 0.6
18 Providence 0.3
19 Minneapolis 0.2
20 Buffalo 0.2
21 Orlando -0.2
22 St. Louis -0.3
23 San Diego -0.3
24 Louisville -0.5
United States -0.6
25 Milwaukee -1.1
26 Kansas City -1.2
27 Sacramento -1.3
28 Riverside -1.6
29 Richmond -1.6
30 Miami -1.9
31 Dallas -1.9
32 Cincinnati -2.1
33 Columbus -2.3
34 Birmingham -2.4
35 Virginia Beach -2.9
36 Baltimore -3.1
37 Pittsburgh -3.2
38 Los Angeles -3.2
39 Chicago -3.3
40 Memphis -3.5
41 Washington, D.C. -3.6
42 Detroit -3.8
43 New York -4.4
44 New Orleans -4.6
45 Cleveland -4.7
46 Houston -5.9
47 Atlanta -5.9
48 Hartford -6.0
49 Philadelphia -6.6
50 San Antonio -7.9
Change in Average Wage per Job
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1 Seattle 15.9
2 Austin 15.7
3 San Francisco 15.1
4 San Jose 13.8
5 Miami 11.7
6 Salt Lake City 10.7
7 Denver 9.0
8 Nashville 8.8
9 Raleigh 8.8
10 Tampa 8.6
11 Portland 8.6
12 Orlando 8.3
13 Phoenix 8.1
14 Boston 7.7
15 Charlotte 7.6
16 San Diego 7.4
17 Jacksonville 7.0
18 Las Vegas 5.9
19 Indianapolis 5.8
United States 5.6
20 Buffalo 5.6
21 Riverside 5.5
22 Atlanta 5.4
23 Richmond 5.4
24 Pittsburgh 5.2
25 Sacramento 5.2
26 Dallas 5.0
27 Chicago 4.9
28 Los Angeles 4.8
29 New York 4.6
30 Columbus 4.4
31 San Antonio 4.2
32 St. Louis 4.1
33 Cleveland 4.1
34 Washington, D.C. 3.8
35 Milwaukee 3.8
36 Memphis 3.7
37 Cincinnati 3.6
38 Philadelphia 3.5
39 Louisville 3.5
40 Virginia Beach 3.4
41 Kansas City 3.4
42 Birmingham 3.2
43 Baltimore 3.2
44 Minneapolis 3.0
45 New Orleans 2.7
46 Providence 2.5
47 Detroit 0.7
48 Hartford -0.0
49 Oklahoma City -0.9
50 Houston -0.9

Most of the jobs in the St. Louis region pay what is considered a middle-wage, but that percentage has declined in recent years. High-wage jobs also decreased while low-wage jobs make up an increasing share of the jobs in the region. Nationally, high-wage jobs have increased as a percentage of total jobs, while low- and middle-wage jobs have declined.

Low-Wage Jobs
Percent of jobs that earn less than two-thirds of the national median wage, 2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 Oklahoma City 35.5
2 San Antonio 35.2
3 Las Vegas 34.4
4 Miami 34.1
5 Orlando 33.0
6 Birmingham 32.6
7 Memphis 32.0
8 Riverside 30.0
9 Tampa 29.9
10 New Orleans 29.7
11 Houston 28.8
12 Jacksonville 27.4
13 Dallas 27.4
14 Virginia Beach 27.1
15 Los Angeles 27.0
16 Louisville 26.9
United States 26.6
17 Kansas City 26.4
18 Atlanta 26.4
19 Charlotte 25.8
20 St. Louis 25.6
21 Cleveland 25.3
22 Detroit 24.8
23 Cincinnati 24.7
24 Salt Lake City 24.6
25 Phoenix 24.0
26 Nashville 23.9
27 Columbus 23.6
28 Pittsburgh 23.5
29 Indianapolis 23.3
30 Buffalo 23.2
31 Chicago 22.6
32 Milwaukee 22.5
33 Richmond 22.5
34 San Diego 22.3
35 Sacramento 21.5
36 Raleigh 20.8
37 Philadelphia 20.8
38 New York 20.3
39 Austin 20.2
40 Baltimore 19.9
41 Providence 19.6
42 Denver 18.8
43 Portland 18.8
44 Minneapolis 18.0
45 Hartford 16.4
46 Washington, D.C. 15.7
47 Boston 15.4
48 Seattle 14.3
49 San Francisco 14.2
50 San Jose 11.8
Middle-Wage Jobs
Percent of jobs that earn between two-thirds and two times the national median wage, 2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 Buffalo 65.1
2 Providence 64.2
3 Minneapolis 63.2
4 Hartford 62.5
5 Louisville 62.1
6 Columbus 61.9
7 Pittsburgh 61.9
8 Milwaukee 61.5
9 Denver 61.5
10 Salt Lake City 61.0
11 Virginia Beach 61.0
12 Indianapolis 61.0
13 Phoenix 60.7
14 Portland 60.6
15 Kansas City 60.3
16 Nashville 60.3
17 St. Louis 60.3
18 Cleveland 60.1
19 Richmond 60.1
20 Cincinnati 59.6
21 Philadelphia 59.6
22 Detroit 59.0
23 New Orleans 58.3
24 Chicago 57.8
25 Jacksonville 57.7
26 Birmingham 57.6
27 Baltimore 57.6
28 San Diego 57.1
United States 57.1
29 Memphis 57.1
30 Sacramento 57.0
31 Boston 56.9
32 Riverside 56.5
33 Charlotte 56.4
34 Austin 55.8
35 Atlanta 55.6
36 Raleigh 55.5
37 Tampa 55.5
38 Oklahoma City 55.2
39 Las Vegas 55.2
40 Dallas 54.7
41 Orlando 54.3
42 San Antonio 54.2
43 New York 54.2
44 Houston 54.1
45 Seattle 53.9
46 Los Angeles 52.4
47 Miami 51.8
48 Washington, D.C. 51.1
49 San Francisco 44.9
50 San Jose 42.4
High-Wage Jobs
Percent of jobs that earn over twice the national median wage, 2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 San Jose 45.8
2 San Francisco 40.9
3 Washington, D.C. 33.2
4 Seattle 31.8
5 Boston 27.7
6 New York 25.5
7 Austin 24.0
8 Raleigh 23.6
9 Baltimore 22.5
10 Sacramento 21.5
11 Hartford 21.1
12 San Diego 20.6
13 Los Angeles 20.6
14 Portland 20.6
15 Denver 19.7
16 Philadelphia 19.7
17 Chicago 19.5
18 Minneapolis 18.8
19 Dallas 17.9
20 Atlanta 17.9
21 Charlotte 17.8
22 Richmond 17.4
23 Houston 17.1
United States 16.3
24 Detroit 16.2
25 Providence 16.2
26 Milwaukee 16.0
27 Nashville 15.8
28 Cincinnati 15.7
29 Indianapolis 15.7
30 Phoenix 15.2
31 Jacksonville 14.8
32 Tampa 14.7
33 Pittsburgh 14.6
34 Cleveland 14.6
35 Columbus 14.5
36 Salt Lake City 14.4
37 St. Louis 14.1
38 Miami 14.1
39 Riverside 13.5
40 Kansas City 13.2
41 Orlando 12.8
42 New Orleans 12.0
43 Virginia Beach 11.9
44 Buffalo 11.7
45 Louisville 10.9
46 Memphis 10.9
47 San Antonio 10.7
48 Las Vegas 10.4
49 Birmingham 9.8
50 Oklahoma City 9.3
Change in Low-Wage Jobs
Percentage point difference in low-wage jobs, 2008-2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 Las Vegas 8.3
2 Birmingham 6.2
3 Kansas City 4.5
4 Atlanta 3.7
5 Columbus 3.4
6 Jacksonville 2.8
7 Detroit 2.7
8 Oklahoma City 2.7
9 Philadelphia 2.6
10 Baltimore 2.5
11 St. Louis 2.4
12 Miami 2.2
13 Cincinnati 2.2
14 Hartford 1.9
15 Memphis 1.8
16 Riverside 1.7
17 Sacramento 1.7
18 Minneapolis 1.6
19 Orlando 1.5
20 Louisville 1.4
21 Milwaukee 1.1
22 Boston 1.0
23 Washington, D.C. 0.9
24 Cleveland 0.7
25 San Antonio 0.4
26 Chicago 0.4
27 Tampa 0.4
28 Houston 0.1
29 Charlotte 0.1
30 Richmond 0.0
31 Buffalo -0.1
United States -0.2
32 New York -0.3
33 Virginia Beach -0.4
34 Indianapolis -0.5
35 Providence -0.6
36 Dallas -0.7
37 Raleigh -1.1
38 Nashville -1.2
39 Pittsburgh -1.2
40 San Francisco -1.5
41 San Diego -1.7
42 Seattle -2.7
43 Phoenix -2.8
44 Los Angeles -2.9
45 Portland -3.5
46 Denver -3.7
47 Salt Lake City -4.0
48 San Jose -4.2
49 New Orleans -4.7
50 Austin -8.2
Change in Middle-Wage Jobs
Percentage point difference in middle-wage jobs, 2008-2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 New Orleans 4.9
2 Denver 3.1
3 Salt Lake City 2.8
4 San Diego 2.1
5 Phoenix 2.1
6 Houston 1.9
7 Los Angeles 1.5
8 Austin 1.2
9 Virginia Beach 1.2
10 Detroit 1.0
11 Pittsburgh 0.9
12 Buffalo 0.8
13 Portland 0.7
14 Chicago 0.4
15 Indianapolis 0.3
16 Minneapolis -0.0
17 Hartford -0.1
18 Riverside -0.3
19 Dallas -0.4
United States -0.5
20 Louisville -0.6
21 New York -0.7
22 Memphis -0.7
23 Providence -0.7
24 San Antonio -0.8
25 Richmond -1.0
26 Philadelphia -1.0
27 Kansas City -1.0
28 Nashville -1.2
29 Raleigh -1.2
30 Washington, D.C. -1.3
31 St. Louis -1.4
32 Cleveland -1.5
33 Oklahoma City -1.6
34 Boston -1.6
35 Charlotte -1.6
36 Tampa -1.8
37 Orlando -1.8
38 Miami -2.0
39 Columbus -2.0
40 Birmingham -2.1
41 Cincinnati -2.1
42 San Jose -2.4
43 Atlanta -2.5
44 Milwaukee -2.6
45 Baltimore -2.6
46 Sacramento -3.7
47 Jacksonville -3.9
48 Seattle -5.5
49 Las Vegas -5.7
50 San Francisco -6.9
Change in High-Wage Jobs
Percentage point difference in high-wage jobs, 2008-2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 San Francisco 8.4
2 Seattle 8.2
3 Austin 7.0
4 San Jose 6.7
5 Portland 2.8
6 Nashville 2.4
7 Raleigh 2.3
8 Sacramento 2.0
9 Charlotte 1.5
10 Tampa 1.4
11 Milwaukee 1.4
12 Los Angeles 1.4
13 Providence 1.3
14 Salt Lake City 1.2
15 Dallas 1.1
16 Jacksonville 1.1
17 New York 1.0
18 Richmond 0.9
19 Cleveland 0.9
20 Phoenix 0.8
United States 0.7
21 Boston 0.6
22 Denver 0.6
23 Washington, D.C. 0.4
24 San Antonio 0.3
25 Pittsburgh 0.3
26 Orlando 0.3
27 Indianapolis 0.2
28 Baltimore 0.1
29 Cincinnati -0.0
30 New Orleans -0.1
31 Miami -0.2
32 San Diego -0.4
33 Virginia Beach -0.7
34 Buffalo -0.8
35 Louisville -0.8
36 Chicago -0.9
37 St. Louis -1.0
38 Oklahoma City -1.1
39 Memphis -1.1
40 Atlanta -1.2
41 Columbus -1.4
42 Riverside -1.4
43 Minneapolis -1.6
44 Philadelphia -1.6
45 Hartford -1.8
46 Houston -2.0
47 Las Vegas -2.7
48 Kansas City -3.5
49 Detroit -3.6
50 Birmingham -4.1

The St. Louis region has a lower poverty rate than that of the nation and many of the peer regions, yet there are still a substantial number of people in the region who do not have enough income for what is considered necessary to meet basic needs. The income amount that is considered poverty level varies by household composition. For example, one threshold is $21,811 for a two-adult and one-child household. Non-Hispanic blacks are more likely to be in poverty than non-Hispanic whites as are people with disabilities compared to those without disabilities. These gaps are wider in St. Louis than they are in many of the peer regions. See the Poverty performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Poverty Rate
Individuals living in poverty as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1 New Orleans 15.7
2 Memphis 15.7
3 Oklahoma City 14.4
4 Houston 14.3
5 San Antonio 14.2
6 Birmingham 13.9
7 Detroit 13.8
8 Cleveland 13.7
9 Buffalo 13.5
10 Miami 13.2
11 Las Vegas 13.1
12 Los Angeles 12.9
13 New York 12.8
United States 12.6
14 Columbus 12.4
15 Milwaukee 12.4
16 Tampa 12.3
17 Louisville 12.1
18 Orlando 12.0
19 Riverside 12.0
20 Virginia Beach 11.8
21 Cincinnati 11.8
22 Philadelphia 11.4
23 Pittsburgh 11.2
24 Chicago 11.2
25 Sacramento 11.2
26 Providence 11.0
27 Jacksonville 11.0
28 St. Louis 11.0
29 Indianapolis 10.8
30 Phoenix 10.8
31 Richmond 10.7
32 Kansas City 10.7
33 San Diego 10.6
34 Dallas 10.3
35 Baltimore 10.1
36 Hartford 10.1
37 Atlanta 10.0
38 Nashville 9.8
39 Charlotte 9.8
40 Portland 9.5
41 Austin 9.4
42 San Francisco 9.2
43 Boston 9.2
44 Minneapolis 8.8
45 Seattle 8.6
46 Denver 8.3
47 Washington, D.C. 7.9
48 Raleigh 7.9
49 Salt Lake City 7.4
50 San Jose 7.3
Change in Poverty Rate
Percentage point difference in percentage of individuals living in poverty, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1 Washington, D.C. -0.5
2 Buffalo -0.7
3 Hartford -0.8
4 Pittsburgh -0.9
5 Baltimore -1.2
6 Richmond -1.2
7 Virginia Beach -1.3
8 Boston -1.5
9 Oklahoma City -1.7
10 Cleveland -1.9
11 Minneapolis -1.9
12 New York -2.0
13 Philadelphia -2.0
14 Houston -2.1
15 Kansas City -2.2
16 Providence -2.5
17 Columbus -2.6
18 San Francisco -2.7
19 Birmingham -2.9
20 San Antonio -3.0
21 Seattle -3.1
22 Cincinnati -3.2
23 Las Vegas -3.3
24 St. Louis -3.3
25 Chicago -3.3
United States -3.3
26 Milwaukee -3.5
27 San Jose -3.5
28 Indianapolis -3.6
29 Detroit -3.6
30 New Orleans -3.7
31 Louisville -4.0
32 Tampa -4.1
33 Memphis -4.2
34 Miami -4.2
35 Denver -4.4
36 San Diego -4.4
37 Nashville -4.4
38 Portland -4.5
39 Jacksonville -4.7
40 Dallas -4.7
41 Raleigh -4.8
42 Orlando -4.9
43 Charlotte -5.3
44 Salt Lake City -5.4
45 Sacramento -5.7
46 Austin -6.1
47 Atlanta -6.6
48 Phoenix -6.6
49 Riverside -7.1
50 Los Angeles -13.6
Racial Disparity in Poverty Rate
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white poverty rate, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Minneapolis 4.11
2 Chicago 3.64
3 Buffalo 3.53
4 Milwaukee 3.51
5 Pittsburgh 3.48
6 St. Louis 3.36
7 Denver 3.25
8 Louisville 3.24
9 Indianapolis 3.12
10 Cleveland 3.08
11 Philadelphia 3.08
12 San Francisco 2.95
13 Jacksonville 2.89
14 Richmond 2.86
15 Memphis 2.79
16 Detroit 2.74
17 Dallas 2.73
18 Cincinnati 2.73
19 Washington, D.C. 2.64
20 Virginia Beach 2.63
21 Birmingham 2.62
22 Kansas City 2.61
23 Nashville 2.58
24 Hartford 2.57
25 Houston 2.56
26 Columbus 2.54
27 New York 2.51
28 New Orleans 2.47
29 Raleigh 2.45
30 Boston 2.45
31 Seattle 2.36
32 Baltimore 2.30
United States 2.24
33 Charlotte 2.23
34 Portland 2.22
35 Las Vegas 2.20
36 Miami 2.17
37 Los Angeles 2.15
38 Atlanta 2.09
39 Sacramento 2.08
40 Oklahoma City 2.05
41 San Antonio 2.02
42 Phoenix 2.01
43 Austin 1.81
44 Riverside 1.74
45 Providence 1.73
46 Orlando 1.70
47 San Diego 1.66
48 Tampa 1.64
Children in Poverty
Percent of children under age 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1 Memphis 22.4
2 New Orleans 21.9
3 Houston 20.8
4 Detroit 20.5
5 San Antonio 20.1
6 Cleveland 19.7
7 Oklahoma City 18.1
8 Birmingham 17.9
9 Buffalo 17.7
10 Las Vegas 17.6
11 Miami 17.5
12 New York 16.7
13 Columbus 16.5
14 Louisville 16.4
15 Milwaukee 16.3
United States 16.3
16 Los Angeles 16.2
17 Virginia Beach 16.0
18 Orlando 15.5
19 Riverside 15.5
20 Jacksonville 15.5
21 Tampa 15.3
22 Chicago 15.2
23 Philadelphia 14.8
24 St. Louis 14.6
25 Pittsburgh 14.1
26 Indianapolis 14.0
27 Phoenix 13.9
28 Dallas 13.8
29 Cincinnati 13.6
30 Richmond 13.6
31 Kansas City 13.5
32 Hartford 13.4
33 Providence 13.1
34 Charlotte 13.1
35 Sacramento 13.0
36 Atlanta 12.8
37 Nashville 12.7
38 San Diego 12.4
39 Baltimore 12.4
40 Denver 11.2
41 Portland 10.6
42 Minneapolis 10.3
43 Austin 9.9
44 Washington, D.C. 9.5
45 Boston 9.4
46 Raleigh 9.3
47 San Francisco 9.3
48 Seattle 9.3
49 Salt Lake City 7.6
50 San Jose 6.5
Racial Disparity in Childhood Poverty
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, percent of children under 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Minneapolis 6.73
2 St. Louis 6.29
3 San Francisco 6.22
4 Denver 6.17
5 Pittsburgh 6.00
6 Chicago 5.35
7 Hartford 5.13
8 Milwaukee 4.87
9 Philadelphia 4.67
10 Buffalo 4.55
11 Birmingham 4.54
12 Louisville 4.44
13 Indianapolis 4.40
14 Miami 4.37
15 Richmond 4.33
16 Sacramento 4.27
17 Virginia Beach 4.20
18 Nashville 4.19
19 Memphis 4.18
20 Washington, D.C. 4.11
21 Boston 4.09
22 Raleigh 4.02
23 Cleveland 3.91
24 Jacksonville 3.84
25 Dallas 3.82
26 Houston 3.72
27 Los Angeles 3.71
28 Columbus 3.46
29 Cincinnati 3.41
30 Kansas City 3.36
31 Seattle 3.28
32 Atlanta 3.05
United States 2.92
33 New Orleans 2.90
34 Detroit 2.88
35 Las Vegas 2.85
36 Charlotte 2.77
37 Portland 2.72
38 Baltimore 2.68
39 Austin 2.68
40 Tampa 2.61
41 Oklahoma City 2.58
42 Riverside 2.53
43 Phoenix 2.51
44 New York 2.50
45 Providence 2.47
46 Orlando 2.36
47 San Antonio 2.25
48 San Diego 2.02
Seniors in Poverty
Percent of adults aged 65 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1 Miami 15.9
2 Los Angeles 13.7
3 New Orleans 13.6
4 New York 13.4
5 Tampa 12.9
6 Providence 12.7
7 Houston 12.5
8 Birmingham 12.3
9 Riverside 12.3
10 Memphis 12.2
11 San Antonio 11.8
12 Baltimore 11.7
13 Orlando 11.6
14 Milwaukee 11.6
15 Cleveland 11.5
16 Boston 11.2
17 Las Vegas 11.1
United States 10.9
18 San Francisco 10.8
19 Buffalo 10.7
20 Detroit 10.6
21 Chicago 10.5
22 Philadelphia 10.5
23 Jacksonville 10.0
24 Phoenix 9.9
25 Sacramento 9.7
26 Kansas City 9.7
27 Seattle 9.7
28 Atlanta 9.7
29 Portland 9.7
30 Dallas 9.6
31 St. Louis 9.6
32 San Diego 9.5
33 Oklahoma City 9.5
34 Cincinnati 9.4
35 Pittsburgh 9.4
36 Columbus 9.3
37 Nashville 9.1
38 Virginia Beach 9.0
39 Charlotte 8.9
40 Richmond 8.9
41 Raleigh 8.7
42 Indianapolis 8.7
43 Louisville 8.6
44 San Jose 8.6
45 Hartford 8.3
46 Minneapolis 8.1
47 Austin 8.0
48 Washington, D.C. 7.8
49 Salt Lake City 7.7
50 Denver 7.1
Persons with Disabilities in Poverty
Percent of persons with disabilities, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18130)
1 Memphis 24.0
2 Cleveland 23.8
3 New York 23.1
4 Milwaukee 22.9
5 Providence 22.7
6 Detroit 22.5
7 Philadelphia 22.5
8 Buffalo 22.1
9 Birmingham 21.9
10 Cincinnati 21.7
11 New Orleans 21.7
12 Columbus 21.7
13 Boston 21.1
14 Miami 20.8
United States 20.7
15 Louisville 20.4
16 Los Angeles 20.3
17 St. Louis 20.0
18 San Antonio 19.9
19 Chicago 19.9
20 Baltimore 19.8
21 Oklahoma City 19.7
22 Kansas City 19.6
23 Indianapolis 19.6
24 Richmond 19.5
25 Houston 19.5
26 Portland 19.5
27 Pittsburgh 19.1
28 Orlando 18.8
29 Minneapolis 18.7
30 Jacksonville 18.5
31 Tampa 18.5
32 Virginia Beach 18.3
33 San Francisco 18.2
34 Charlotte 18.2
35 San Diego 17.6
36 Sacramento 17.4
37 Seattle 17.4
38 Riverside 17.3
39 Phoenix 17.0
40 Hartford 16.7
41 Las Vegas 16.6
42 Dallas 16.6
43 Denver 16.6
44 Nashville 16.4
45 San Jose 16.0
46 Atlanta 15.6
47 Austin 15.4
48 Washington, D.C. 14.3
49 Salt Lake City 14.1
50 Raleigh 13.0
Disparity in Poverty Rates of Adults by Disability Status
Ratio of disabled adults to adults without disabilities, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18130)
1 Minneapolis 3.50
2 Boston 3.39
3 San Jose 3.19
4 Portland 3.15
5 Providence 3.12
6 Milwaukee 3.10
7 Philadelphia 3.08
8 Charlotte 3.08
9 Jacksonville 2.97
10 Denver 2.97
11 Kansas City 2.94
12 Baltimore 2.90
13 San Francisco 2.88
14 Richmond 2.87
15 St. Louis 2.86
16 Seattle 2.85
17 Columbus 2.81
18 Cincinnati 2.79
19 Indianapolis 2.79
20 Cleveland 2.78
21 Hartford 2.75
22 Chicago 2.72
23 Washington, D.C. 2.67
24 New York 2.65
25 Louisville 2.64
26 Salt Lake City 2.64
27 Detroit 2.58
28 Buffalo 2.48
29 Nashville 2.47
United States 2.45
30 Dallas 2.44
31 Pittsburgh 2.40
32 Birmingham 2.40
33 Memphis 2.34
34 San Diego 2.28
35 Phoenix 2.27
36 Sacramento 2.27
37 Atlanta 2.26
38 Orlando 2.18
39 Virginia Beach 2.18
40 Raleigh 2.17
41 Tampa 2.14
42 New Orleans 2.10
43 Riverside 2.06
44 Los Angeles 2.04
45 Austin 2.00
46 Miami 1.98
47 Oklahoma City 1.84
48 Houston 1.81
49 Las Vegas 1.78
50 San Antonio 1.75
Low-Income Population
Population with income at 200% of poverty level or below as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17002)
1 Memphis 34.1
2 New Orleans 33.8
3 Oklahoma City 32.6
4 San Antonio 31.9
5 Houston 31.8
6 Las Vegas 31.7
7 Miami 31.6
8 Birmingham 30.6
9 Orlando 30.2
10 Riverside 30.1
11 Los Angeles 29.4
12 Buffalo 29.3
13 Tampa 29.2
United States 28.4
14 Detroit 28.3
15 Cleveland 28.2
16 Louisville 27.1
17 Milwaukee 26.7
18 Virginia Beach 26.6
19 Columbus 26.4
20 Phoenix 26.2
21 New York 25.9
22 Jacksonville 25.8
23 Indianapolis 25.8
24 Dallas 25.7
25 Cincinnati 25.4
26 Sacramento 25.3
27 Charlotte 25.3
28 Atlanta 25.0
29 Kansas City 24.9
30 Chicago 24.6
31 Pittsburgh 24.5
32 St. Louis 24.4
33 Philadelphia 24.1
34 San Diego 24.0
35 Providence 23.8
36 Nashville 23.7
37 Richmond 23.6
38 Portland 22.2
39 Baltimore 22.0
40 Salt Lake City 21.6
41 Hartford 21.2
42 Austin 21.2
43 Raleigh 19.8
44 Minneapolis 19.7
45 Denver 19.6
46 Boston 19.4
47 San Francisco 19.0
48 Seattle 18.5
49 Washington, D.C. 17.5
50 San Jose 16.8

The St. Louis region ranks about in the middle of the peer regions on two metrics that indicate the amount of inequality between the rich and the poor. Also, on a measure of income inequality between sexes, the region has a gap that ranks lower than average among the peer regions. The Gini index is a measure of income inequality where a score of zero represents a community where everyone receives equal income and one represents a community where one person collects all the income. See the Income Inequality performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Income Inequality
Gini coefficient, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19083)
1 New York 0.518
2 Miami 0.515
3 Los Angeles 0.500
4 San Francisco 0.500
5 Boston 0.494
6 New Orleans 0.493
7 Birmingham 0.489
8 Tampa 0.489
9 San Jose 0.487
10 Cleveland 0.486
United States 0.486
11 Chicago 0.483
12 Philadelphia 0.483
13 Orlando 0.483
14 Houston 0.482
15 Memphis 0.480
16 Milwaukee 0.478
17 Detroit 0.477
18 Charlotte 0.477
19 Louisville 0.476
20 Seattle 0.474
21 Oklahoma City 0.474
22 Buffalo 0.473
23 Pittsburgh 0.473
24 Hartford 0.472
25 Cincinnati 0.472
26 Las Vegas 0.471
27 St. Louis 0.470
28 Dallas 0.470
29 Indianapolis 0.469
30 Columbus 0.467
31 Baltimore 0.465
32 Kansas City 0.464
33 Providence 0.464
34 Richmond 0.463
35 Austin 0.461
36 Atlanta 0.461
37 Sacramento 0.460
38 San Diego 0.459
39 Portland 0.458
40 San Antonio 0.457
41 Nashville 0.456
42 Phoenix 0.455
43 Jacksonville 0.453
44 Minneapolis 0.452
45 Denver 0.451
46 Virginia Beach 0.449
47 Washington, D.C. 0.448
48 Raleigh 0.445
49 Riverside 0.437
50 Salt Lake City 0.426
Income Gap
Ratio of income of those at the 80th percentile on the income distribution to those at the 20th percentile, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19080)
1 New York 6.11
2 New Orleans 5.58
3 Los Angeles 5.46
4 Boston 5.40
5 Philadelphia 5.33
6 San Francisco 5.31
7 Miami 5.29
8 Birmingham 5.20
9 Cleveland 5.12
10 Buffalo 5.12
11 Baltimore 5.09
12 Providence 5.05
13 Detroit 5.04
14 Memphis 4.95
15 Hartford 4.93
16 Houston 4.92
17 Chicago 4.92
United States 4.92
18 Pittsburgh 4.88
19 Milwaukee 4.84
20 Tampa 4.78
21 Oklahoma City 4.77
22 Cincinnati 4.72
23 San Diego 4.67
24 Seattle 4.66
25 St. Louis 4.63
26 Sacramento 4.62
27 Richmond 4.56
28 San Antonio 4.56
29 Indianapolis 4.52
30 Dallas 4.50
31 Columbus 4.49
32 Charlotte 4.43
33 Louisville 4.43
34 Riverside 4.42
35 Kansas City 4.41
36 Orlando 4.40
37 Las Vegas 4.38
38 Portland 4.36
39 Virginia Beach 4.36
40 Washington, D.C. 4.35
41 Denver 4.32
42 Atlanta 4.29
43 San Jose 4.29
44 Raleigh 4.26
45 Austin 4.25
46 Jacksonville 4.23
47 Minneapolis 4.22
48 Phoenix 4.08
49 Nashville 4.07
50 Salt Lake City 3.81
Gender Wage Gap
Ratio of female to male median earnings for full-time year-round workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B24022)
1 Los Angeles 0.90
2 Columbus 0.88
3 Las Vegas 0.88
4 Tampa 0.87
5 San Diego 0.86
6 Miami 0.86
7 Phoenix 0.86
8 Hartford 0.86
9 New York 0.85
10 Sacramento 0.85
11 Buffalo 0.85
12 San Francisco 0.85
13 Washington, D.C. 0.85
14 Minneapolis 0.84
15 Philadelphia 0.84
16 Boston 0.84
17 Memphis 0.84
18 Louisville 0.83
19 Nashville 0.83
20 Houston 0.83
21 Portland 0.83
22 Richmond 0.83
23 Riverside 0.83
24 Cleveland 0.82
25 Providence 0.82
United States 0.82
26 Atlanta 0.82
27 Raleigh 0.82
28 Virginia Beach 0.82
29 San Antonio 0.82
30 Dallas 0.82
31 Milwaukee 0.82
32 Baltimore 0.81
33 Denver 0.81
34 Charlotte 0.81
35 Salt Lake City 0.81
36 Kansas City 0.81
37 Orlando 0.81
38 Chicago 0.81
39 Austin 0.79
40 New Orleans 0.79
41 Pittsburgh 0.79
42 Jacksonville 0.79
43 Indianapolis 0.79
44 Seattle 0.79
45 Cincinnati 0.79
46 Detroit 0.77
47 Oklahoma City 0.77
48 St. Louis 0.77
49 Birmingham 0.76
50 San Jose 0.75

Economy

Metrics on the economy indicate some strengths for the St. Louis region, as well as some challenges. The region has a diversity of employment with substantial changes in some industries due to the pandemic. Otherwise, the regional employment has held fairly steady while employment and income took dramatic swings in other regions. Employment is not increasing at the same rate as in many other regions. The region is above average on employment-population ratio and has relatively low unemployment. The region has assets important to the freight industry but is below average on foreign exports. St. Louis also shows potential on some measures of innovation. See page 17 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion on the topics in this section, including more detailed data on what is happening within the St. Louis region. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The economy of the St. Louis region has remained fairly steady relative to many of the peer regions. Employment has grown in the region, but growth in the region is low, relative to the peer regions. Gross domestic product (GDP) and change in GDP are about average among the peer regions. The unemployment rate in St. Louis is currently lower than the national average and then many of the peer regions. The gap between the unemployment rate of persons with disabilities compared to those without is about the same as the national average while the gap between black adults compared to white adults is larger in St. Louis than in most of the peer regions.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Dollars per capita, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAGDP2); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01003)
1 San Jose 208,155
2 San Francisco 159,207
3 Seattle 128,352
4 Boston 116,654
5 New York 110,267
6 Salt Lake City 106,942
7 Washington, D.C. 103,647
8 Denver 96,722
9 Los Angeles 95,357
10 Hartford 94,069
11 Nashville 91,748
12 Austin 91,716
13 San Diego 90,240
14 Chicago 88,211
15 Minneapolis 87,709
16 Dallas 86,727
17 Houston 86,264
18 Indianapolis 86,077
19 Baltimore 85,130
20 Atlanta 84,508
21 Philadelphia 83,075
22 Charlotte 83,058
23 Cincinnati 82,059
24 Richmond 81,651
25 Portland 81,430
26 Raleigh 80,625
27 Cleveland 78,904
28 Miami 78,796
29 Columbus 78,243
30 Milwaukee 77,294
31 Pittsburgh 77,255
United States 77,243
32 Kansas City 76,727
33 New Orleans 75,455
34 St. Louis 74,982
35 Sacramento 72,941
36 Buffalo 72,919
37 Memphis 72,266
38 Phoenix 72,191
39 Birmingham 70,822
40 Louisville 70,666
41 Orlando 70,354
42 Detroit 70,278
43 Jacksonville 69,920
44 Las Vegas 69,190
45 Tampa 66,676
46 Oklahoma City 64,919
47 Virginia Beach 64,535
48 Providence 63,072
49 San Antonio 61,409
50 Riverside 50,972
Change in Gross Domestic Product per Capita
Percent change, in chained 2017 dollars, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAGDP9); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01003)
1 San Jose 40.4
2 San Francisco 28.3
3 Seattle 20.3
4 Austin 19.9
5 Denver 19.4
6 Miami 18.4
7 Phoenix 18.3
8 Salt Lake City 16.8
9 San Diego 16.6
10 Nashville 15.9
11 Tampa 15.5
12 Boston 14.7
13 Dallas 14.1
14 Los Angeles 14.0
15 New York 13.0
16 Birmingham 12.4
17 Riverside 12.2
18 Portland 11.5
19 Jacksonville 11.2
20 Las Vegas 10.9
21 Orlando 10.5
22 Raleigh 10.3
23 Louisville 10.1
24 San Antonio 10.0
25 Sacramento 9.7
26 Indianapolis 9.0
27 St. Louis 8.9
United States 8.7
28 Atlanta 8.1
29 Richmond 7.5
30 Cleveland 7.3
31 Washington, D.C. 7.0
32 Columbus 6.9
33 Memphis 6.2
34 Charlotte 5.9
35 Chicago 5.6
36 Milwaukee 5.5
37 Buffalo 5.2
38 Kansas City 5.1
39 Minneapolis 4.9
40 Detroit 4.4
41 Cincinnati 3.9
42 Baltimore 3.9
43 Houston 2.4
44 Providence 2.4
45 Philadelphia 2.2
46 Pittsburgh 1.1
47 Virginia Beach 0.7
48 Hartford -0.5
49 Oklahoma City -3.0
50 New Orleans -3.2
Change in Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Austin 22.8
2 Raleigh 14.6
3 Riverside 14.2
4 Nashville 14.1
5 Phoenix 13.7
6 Dallas 13.7
7 Jacksonville 12.2
8 Tampa 12.1
9 Salt Lake City 12.1
10 Orlando 11.6
11 Charlotte 10.8
12 Las Vegas 10.8
13 Sacramento 9.4
14 Atlanta 9.2
15 Denver 8.3
16 San Antonio 8.3
17 Houston 7.5
18 Indianapolis 7.1
19 Miami 6.8
20 San Diego 5.6
21 Seattle 5.4
22 Oklahoma City 5.3
23 Columbus 5.0
24 San Jose 4.5
25 Birmingham 4.5
United States 4.1
26 Portland 4.0
27 Philadelphia 3.7
28 Richmond 3.7
29 San Francisco 3.5
30 Cincinnati 3.4
31 Memphis 2.8
32 Kansas City 2.8
33 Louisville 2.4
34 Los Angeles 2.3
35 New York 1.4
36 St. Louis 1.3
37 Boston 1.3
38 Washington, D.C. 1.2
39 Virginia Beach 0.7
40 Chicago 0.2
41 Providence 0.1
42 Minneapolis -0.0
43 Detroit -0.3
44 Baltimore -0.5
45 Cleveland -1.1
46 Hartford -1.7
47 Milwaukee -1.8
48 Pittsburgh -2.2
49 New Orleans -3.3
50 Buffalo -3.5
Change in Employment
Percent change, 2021-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Las Vegas 9.6
2 Orlando 8.7
3 Austin 8.7
4 Nashville 6.6
5 Dallas 6.5
6 San Diego 6.4
7 San Antonio 5.8
8 San Francisco 5.8
9 New York 5.7
10 Raleigh 5.7
11 Houston 5.6
12 Tampa 5.5
13 Miami 5.5
14 Riverside 5.4
15 Los Angeles 5.4
16 San Jose 5.3
17 Atlanta 5.1
18 Philadelphia 5.0
19 Jacksonville 5.0
20 Portland 4.8
21 Seattle 4.7
22 Sacramento 4.7
23 Charlotte 4.5
24 Denver 4.5
25 Phoenix 4.4
26 Indianapolis 4.4
United States 4.3
27 Salt Lake City 4.2
28 Chicago 4.1
29 Richmond 4.0
30 Detroit 3.8
31 Boston 3.8
32 Oklahoma City 3.7
33 Providence 3.5
34 Columbus 3.5
35 Cincinnati 3.5
36 Kansas City 3.3
37 Buffalo 3.3
38 Louisville 3.0
39 Memphis 2.9
40 Washington, D.C. 2.9
41 St. Louis 2.9
42 New Orleans 2.9
43 Pittsburgh 2.9
44 Minneapolis 2.8
45 Birmingham 2.8
46 Baltimore 2.2
47 Milwaukee 2.2
48 Hartford 2.1
49 Virginia Beach 2.1
50 Cleveland 1.8
Unemployment Rate
Unemployed individuals who are looking for work as a percent of the labor force, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
1 Las Vegas 6.0
2 Cleveland 4.7
3 Chicago 4.6
4 Los Angeles 4.5
5 Pittsburgh 4.5
6 New York 4.3
7 Memphis 4.2
8 Houston 4.2
9 Hartford 4.2
10 Riverside 4.1
11 Philadelphia 4.1
12 Portland 4.0
13 Detroit 3.8
14 New Orleans 3.8
15 Sacramento 3.7
United States 3.6
16 San Antonio 3.6
17 Buffalo 3.6
18 Dallas 3.5
19 Louisville 3.5
20 Cincinnati 3.5
21 Providence 3.5
22 San Diego 3.4
23 Charlotte 3.4
24 Seattle 3.4
25 Boston 3.4
26 Columbus 3.4
27 Phoenix 3.4
28 Baltimore 3.2
29 Virginia Beach 3.2
30 Milwaukee 3.2
31 Raleigh 3.1
32 Washington, D.C. 3.0
33 Richmond 3.0
34 San Francisco 3.0
35 Denver 3.0
36 Orlando 2.9
37 Atlanta 2.9
38 Austin 2.9
39 Jacksonville 2.8
40 Tampa 2.8
41 Oklahoma City 2.8
42 Miami 2.8
43 Indianapolis 2.8
44 St. Louis 2.8
45 Nashville 2.7
46 San Jose 2.7
47 Kansas City 2.6
48 Minneapolis 2.6
49 Birmingham 2.4
50 Salt Lake City 2.3
Change in Unemployment Rate
Percentage point change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
1 Las Vegas 0.8
2 Denver 0.4
3 Portland 0.1
4 San Antonio 0.1
5 Los Angeles -0.0
6 Boston -0.1
7 New York -0.1
8 Memphis -0.1
9 Nashville -0.2
10 Dallas -0.2
11 Hartford -0.2
12 Chicago -0.2
13 Austin -0.3
14 Milwaukee -0.3
15 San Francisco -0.4
16 Indianapolis -0.5
17 Louisville -0.5
18 Seattle -0.6
19 San Jose -0.6
20 San Diego -0.6
21 Washington, D.C. -0.6
22 Pittsburgh -0.6
23 Philadelphia -0.6
24 Minneapolis -0.7
25 Columbus -0.7
United States -0.7
26 Salt Lake City -0.7
27 Detroit -0.7
28 Cincinnati -0.8
29 Oklahoma City -0.8
30 Houston -0.8
31 Sacramento -0.8
32 Cleveland -0.8
33 Raleigh -0.9
34 Charlotte -0.9
35 Richmond -0.9
36 Virginia Beach -0.9
37 Baltimore -0.9
38 Phoenix -0.9
39 New Orleans -1.0
40 Riverside -1.0
41 St. Louis -1.0
42 Orlando -1.0
43 Providence -1.1
44 Kansas City -1.2
45 Tampa -1.3
46 Jacksonville -1.3
47 Miami -1.6
48 Atlanta -1.7
49 Buffalo -1.7
50 Birmingham -1.8
Racial Disparity in Unemployment Rate
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white unemployment rate, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Milwaukee 4.79
2 Cleveland 4.48
3 Chicago 3.30
4 Louisville 3.26
5 Birmingham 3.25
6 Nashville 3.17
7 Detroit 3.12
8 Indianapolis 3.08
9 Minneapolis 3.00
10 St. Louis 2.86
11 Memphis 2.84
12 Pittsburgh 2.83
13 Richmond 2.77
14 Jacksonville 2.69
15 Buffalo 2.66
16 Kansas City 2.60
17 Columbus 2.54
18 Washington, D.C. 2.48
19 Portland 2.44
20 Cincinnati 2.42
21 Phoenix 2.41
22 Atlanta 2.35
23 New York 2.33
United States 2.30
24 Denver 2.27
25 Virginia Beach 2.24
26 Philadelphia 2.23
27 Boston 2.23
28 San Francisco 2.17
29 Austin 2.17
30 Raleigh 2.17
31 Miami 2.09
32 Dallas 2.06
33 Charlotte 2.04
34 Orlando 1.97
35 Las Vegas 1.96
36 Sacramento 1.93
37 Houston 1.92
38 Tampa 1.91
39 New Orleans 1.90
40 Los Angeles 1.87
41 Baltimore 1.80
42 Providence 1.72
43 Seattle 1.59
44 Riverside 1.56
45 San Antonio 1.55
46 Oklahoma City 1.54
47 Hartford 1.51
48 San Diego 1.04
Disparity in Unemployment Rate of Adults by Disability Status
Ratio of disabled adults to adults without disabilities, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1 Richmond 3.42
2 Cincinnati 3.24
3 Birmingham 3.18
4 Boston 3.17
5 Minneapolis 3.16
6 Kansas City 3.10
7 Nashville 3.10
8 Raleigh 3.03
9 Charlotte 2.93
10 Orlando 2.86
11 Hartford 2.82
12 Buffalo 2.81
13 Memphis 2.78
14 Pittsburgh 2.76
15 San Francisco 2.73
16 Jacksonville 2.68
17 New York 2.66
18 Austin 2.65
19 San Jose 2.57
20 San Diego 2.54
21 Chicago 2.53
22 Baltimore 2.53
23 Portland 2.51
24 Milwaukee 2.47
25 Denver 2.46
26 Seattle 2.46
27 Atlanta 2.43
28 Providence 2.40
United States 2.40
29 Indianapolis 2.38
30 Miami 2.33
31 Washington, D.C. 2.31
32 Columbus 2.28
33 Riverside 2.28
34 Detroit 2.26
35 St. Louis 2.20
36 Philadelphia 2.11
37 Tampa 2.11
38 Los Angeles 2.09
39 Cleveland 2.07
40 Dallas 2.06
41 Oklahoma City 2.01
42 Houston 1.99
43 Phoenix 1.98
44 Salt Lake City 1.85
45 Sacramento 1.84
46 Louisville 1.73
47 New Orleans 1.71
48 Las Vegas 1.71
49 Virginia Beach 1.70
50 San Antonio 1.58

The employment-population ratio indicates the proportion of the traditional working-age population that is employed, including those not looking for work. St. Louis ranks above average on this metric and had larger growth than the nation in recent years, a positive economic indicator. The other tables in this section provide characteristics of the region’s workforce—a relatively small percentage of foreign-born workers but high proportion of foreign-born workers who are college educated and about average on percentage of young adults who are college-educated. There are also indications of areas for opportunity to engage population groups with a relatively low employment rate, including people with disabilities and a sizeable percentage of youth who are not in school or working.

Employment- Population Ratio
Ratio of employees aged 18-64 to total population aged 18-64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1 Denver 82.4
2 Minneapolis 82.2
3 Salt Lake City 81.5
4 Washington, D.C. 80.1
5 Austin 80.1
6 Nashville 79.6
7 Indianapolis 79.5
8 Kansas City 79.4
9 Boston 79.2
10 Raleigh 79.1
11 Hartford 78.9
12 Charlotte 78.6
13 Richmond 78.5
14 Milwaukee 78.4
15 Portland 78.3
16 Columbus 78.3
17 Louisville 78.2
18 Baltimore 78.1
19 Seattle 78.1
20 Dallas 77.9
21 Cincinnati 77.6
22 St. Louis 77.5
23 San Francisco 77.4
24 Atlanta 77.2
25 Chicago 77.1
26 San Jose 76.9
27 Philadelphia 76.7
28 Providence 76.6
29 Phoenix 76.5
30 Miami 76.5
31 Pittsburgh 76.4
32 Jacksonville 76.4
33 Cleveland 76.3
34 Orlando 75.9
35 Buffalo 75.5
United States 75.1
36 San Diego 75.1
37 Tampa 74.9
38 New York 74.8
39 Oklahoma City 74.8
40 Houston 74.7
41 Birmingham 74.3
42 San Antonio 74.2
43 Virginia Beach 74.0
44 Los Angeles 74.0
45 Sacramento 73.8
46 Las Vegas 73.7
47 Detroit 73.7
48 Memphis 73.6
49 New Orleans 72.0
50 Riverside 71.3
Change in Employment- Population Ratio
Percentage point difference, 2017-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1 Birmingham 5.0
2 Riverside 3.9
3 Philadelphia 3.8
4 Jacksonville 3.7
5 Charlotte 3.4
6 Hartford 3.4
7 Indianapolis 3.4
8 Miami 3.3
9 Sacramento 3.2
10 Phoenix 3.0
11 San Antonio 2.9
12 Tampa 2.9
13 Richmond 2.7
14 Austin 2.5
15 Louisville 2.5
16 Cleveland 2.5
17 Houston 2.4
18 Chicago 2.4
19 Memphis 2.4
20 Orlando 2.3
21 New Orleans 2.3
22 Detroit 2.3
23 Atlanta 2.2
24 Salt Lake City 2.2
25 Dallas 2.1
United States 2.0
26 Baltimore 2.0
27 Denver 2.0
28 Milwaukee 1.9
29 Columbus 1.7
30 Providence 1.7
31 Raleigh 1.6
32 Nashville 1.5
33 Cincinnati 1.5
34 Seattle 1.4
35 Los Angeles 1.4
36 New York 1.3
37 San Diego 1.2
38 St. Louis 1.2
39 Portland 1.2
40 Boston 1.2
41 Pittsburgh 1.1
42 Washington, D.C. 1.0
43 Kansas City 1.0
44 Las Vegas 0.7
45 Oklahoma City 0.7
46 San Francisco 0.6
47 San Jose 0.4
48 Buffalo 0.3
49 Virginia Beach 0.2
50 Minneapolis 0.1
Employment Rate for Adults with Disabilities
Percent of disabled adults aged 18 - 64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1 Austin 61.4
2 Salt Lake City 58.5
3 Denver 58.0
4 Washington, D.C. 54.6
5 Dallas 53.7
6 Raleigh 52.8
7 Minneapolis 52.7
8 Seattle 52.1
9 Phoenix 52.0
10 Las Vegas 51.4
11 Nashville 51.1
12 San Antonio 50.5
13 Indianapolis 50.1
14 Portland 49.5
15 Oklahoma City 49.4
16 Houston 49.3
17 Columbus 49.3
18 Louisville 48.8
19 San Diego 48.7
20 San Francisco 48.7
21 Atlanta 48.2
22 Kansas City 48.0
23 Baltimore 47.8
24 St. Louis 47.3
25 Cincinnati 46.6
26 Boston 46.3
27 San Jose 45.8
28 Pittsburgh 45.7
29 Richmond 45.7
30 Jacksonville 45.5
31 Chicago 45.1
32 Virginia Beach 45.0
33 Miami 44.9
34 Sacramento 44.8
35 Hartford 44.8
36 Charlotte 44.8
37 Milwaukee 44.7
38 Los Angeles 44.5
United States 44.5
39 Philadelphia 44.5
40 Orlando 44.5
41 Providence 44.4
42 Cleveland 43.9
43 New Orleans 42.3
44 Birmingham 42.0
45 Tampa 41.7
46 Buffalo 41.1
47 New York 40.8
48 Detroit 40.6
49 Riverside 39.5
50 Memphis 39.4
Foreign-Born Workers
Percent of all employed persons, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0501)
1 Miami 50.4
2 San Jose 50.3
3 Los Angeles 37.5
4 San Francisco 36.9
5 New York 35.9
6 Washington, D.C. 29.8
7 Houston 29.7
8 Riverside 27.9
9 Las Vegas 27.0
10 San Diego 26.9
11 Seattle 25.4
12 Orlando 24.9
13 Boston 24.0
14 Dallas 23.8
15 Sacramento 23.5
16 Chicago 22.2
17 Tampa 18.9
18 Atlanta 18.9
19 Austin 18.6
20 Hartford 17.4
United States 17.4
21 Phoenix 17.2
22 Raleigh 16.7
23 Salt Lake City 16.5
24 Providence 16.5
25 Portland 15.2
26 Philadelphia 14.7
27 Baltimore 14.3
28 Denver 14.2
29 Charlotte 14.1
30 San Antonio 13.9
31 Minneapolis 13.2
32 Jacksonville 12.5
33 Detroit 12.2
34 Columbus 11.8
35 Indianapolis 11.1
36 Oklahoma City 11.0
37 Nashville 10.7
38 Richmond 10.4
39 Milwaukee 9.5
40 New Orleans 8.7
41 Kansas City 8.5
42 Louisville 8.1
43 Virginia Beach 8.1
44 Buffalo 7.6
45 Memphis 7.5
46 Cleveland 6.9
47 Cincinnati 6.9
48 St. Louis 5.7
49 Pittsburgh 4.7
College-Educated Young Adults
Adults aged 25-34 with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15001)
1 San Jose 65.8
2 Boston 63.7
3 San Francisco 60.4
4 Washington, D.C. 58.9
5 Austin 58.1
6 Denver 56.1
7 Raleigh 56.1
8 New York 54.5
9 Seattle 53.6
10 Minneapolis 50.3
11 Philadelphia 50.2
12 Chicago 49.1
13 Pittsburgh 47.8
14 Baltimore 47.1
15 Kansas City 46.6
16 San Diego 46.4
17 Nashville 46.3
18 Hartford 46.0
19 Atlanta 45.3
20 Charlotte 44.9
21 Los Angeles 44.5
22 Buffalo 44.3
23 Portland 44.2
24 Cleveland 44.1
25 New Orleans 44.0
26 Richmond 43.9
27 Indianapolis 43.9
28 Providence 43.2
29 Columbus 43.1
30 Milwaukee 42.7
31 Cincinnati 42.2
32 St. Louis 41.9
33 Dallas 41.5
34 Jacksonville 41.1
35 Louisville 40.9
36 Miami 40.6
37 Orlando 40.1
38 Tampa 39.9
39 Birmingham 39.9
United States 39.8
40 Salt Lake City 39.1
41 Detroit 38.6
42 Sacramento 37.4
43 Virginia Beach 36.2
44 Houston 35.9
45 Oklahoma City 35.8
46 Phoenix 35.4
47 San Antonio 33.7
48 Memphis 33.6
49 Las Vegas 25.5
50 Riverside 24.0
Change in College- Educated Young Adults
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15001)
1 Austin 17.3
2 San Jose 15.8
3 Seattle 14.2
4 Denver 13.9
5 Jacksonville 13.6
6 Providence 11.1
7 Miami 11.0
8 Dallas 10.8
9 Atlanta 10.6
10 New Orleans 10.5
11 San Diego 10.4
12 San Francisco 10.3
13 Raleigh 10.3
14 Tampa 10.2
15 Los Angeles 10.2
16 Philadelphia 10.1
17 Boston 10.0
18 Louisville 9.8
19 Kansas City 9.6
20 Orlando 9.3
21 New York 8.9
22 Richmond 8.9
23 Cleveland 8.7
24 Virginia Beach 8.6
25 San Antonio 8.6
26 Cincinnati 8.0
27 Sacramento 7.9
28 Phoenix 7.7
29 Chicago 7.7
United States 7.5
30 Birmingham 7.5
31 Nashville 7.5
32 Salt Lake City 7.5
33 Detroit 7.2
34 Memphis 7.2
35 Portland 7.1
36 Washington, D.C. 7.0
37 Indianapolis 6.5
38 Milwaukee 6.3
39 Houston 6.3
40 Charlotte 6.2
41 Minneapolis 5.8
42 St. Louis 5.7
43 Riverside 5.5
44 Baltimore 5.2
45 Hartford 4.2
46 Pittsburgh 4.0
47 Oklahoma City 3.9
48 Las Vegas 3.4
49 Columbus 2.8
50 Buffalo 2.2
College-Educated Foreign-Born Adults
Percent of foreign-born adults aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0501)
1 Pittsburgh 61.8
2 San Jose 57.7
3 Baltimore 51.6
4 Raleigh 51.2
5 St. Louis 50.7
6 Seattle 50.6
7 Austin 49.0
8 San Francisco 48.2
9 Cincinnati 48.0
10 Washington, D.C. 47.6
11 Cleveland 46.1
12 Detroit 43.5
13 Boston 43.2
14 Philadelphia 43.0
15 Richmond 42.8
16 Memphis 42.3
17 Atlanta 42.1
18 Virginia Beach 41.9
19 Columbus 41.6
20 Buffalo 41.1
21 Charlotte 38.9
22 Louisville 38.8
23 Jacksonville 38.7
24 Minneapolis 38.3
25 Orlando 38.0
26 Portland 37.8
27 Hartford 36.9
28 Milwaukee 36.9
29 Kansas City 36.8
30 New York 36.1
31 San Diego 36.1
32 Dallas 35.8
33 Chicago 35.8
34 Indianapolis 35.6
35 Nashville 35.2
United States 34.7
36 Denver 34.1
37 Tampa 33.7
38 Sacramento 33.2
39 Houston 32.4
40 Miami 32.0
41 New Orleans 30.3
42 Los Angeles 29.6
43 San Antonio 28.7
44 Salt Lake City 28.4
45 Phoenix 28.3
46 Oklahoma City 27.0
47 Las Vegas 24.0
48 Providence 22.8
49 Riverside 21.3
Disconnected Youth
Youth aged 16 to 24 not in school and not working as a percent of all youth, 2015-2019
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1 Memphis 10.6
2 Riverside 10.5
3 New Orleans 10.4
4 Las Vegas 10.1
5 San Antonio 9.7
6 Birmingham 9.1
7 Houston 8.9
8 Miami 8.8
9 Phoenix 8.6
10 Tampa 8.4
11 New York 8.4
12 Detroit 8.1
13 Atlanta 8.0
14 Sacramento 7.7
15 Philadelphia 7.7
United States 7.6
16 Los Angeles 7.6
17 Baltimore 7.4
18 Oklahoma City 7.4
19 Indianapolis 7.4
20 Orlando 7.4
21 Chicago 7.3
22 Dallas 7.3
23 Louisville 7.3
24 Milwaukee 7.3
25 Charlotte 7.2
26 Jacksonville 7.0
27 Cleveland 7.0
28 Portland 6.6
29 St. Louis 6.4
30 Hartford 6.3
31 San Diego 6.2
32 Nashville 6.1
33 Richmond 6.0
34 Kansas City 5.9
35 Washington, D.C. 5.9
36 Virginia Beach 5.8
37 Cincinnati 5.8
38 Raleigh 5.7
39 Seattle 5.7
40 Buffalo 5.7
41 San Francisco 5.6
42 Providence 5.6
43 Pittsburgh 5.5
44 Austin 5.4
45 Denver 5.4
46 Columbus 5.3
47 San Jose 5.2
48 Salt Lake City 5.0
49 Boston 3.8
50 Minneapolis 3.6

The St. Louis region is similar to the nation in the composition of employment by industry. The two exceptions are that St. Louis has a larger proportion of employment in the health and social assistance sector and a smaller percentage in the government sector.

Government Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Sacramento 23.1
2 Washington, D.C. 21.7
3 Virginia Beach 19.7
4 Oklahoma City 18.9
5 San Diego 16.1
6 Baltimore 16.0
7 Buffalo 15.9
8 Richmond 15.9
9 Hartford 15.9
10 Columbus 15.8
11 Birmingham 15.7
12 San Antonio 15.5
13 Riverside 15.0
14 Austin 14.6
United States 14.5
15 Raleigh 13.9
16 Salt Lake City 13.7
17 Houston 13.3
18 New York 13.2
19 Kansas City 13.0
20 Memphis 12.8
21 Denver 12.8
22 San Francisco 12.6
23 Providence 12.6
24 Seattle 12.5
25 Cleveland 12.4
26 Minneapolis 12.3
27 Portland 12.2
28 New Orleans 12.2
29 Charlotte 12.0
30 Indianapolis 12.0
31 Los Angeles 11.7
32 Cincinnati 11.5
33 Atlanta 11.2
34 Dallas 11.2
35 Boston 11.1
36 Chicago 11.1
37 Philadelphia 11.0
38 Nashville 10.8
39 Miami 10.8
40 St. Louis 10.7
41 Louisville 10.4
42 Phoenix 10.3
43 Tampa 10.3
44 Jacksonville 10.0
45 Las Vegas 9.9
46 Pittsburgh 9.6
47 Milwaukee 9.4
48 Detroit 9.2
49 Orlando 9.0
50 San Jose 8.3
Health and Social Assistance Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Philadelphia 18.0
2 New York 17.2
3 Hartford 16.9
4 Pittsburgh 16.7
5 Milwaukee 16.4
6 Providence 16.4
7 Cleveland 15.6
8 St. Louis 15.5
9 Los Angeles 15.4
10 Minneapolis 15.3
11 Sacramento 15.2
12 Riverside 14.8
13 Baltimore 14.6
14 Oklahoma City 13.7
15 Detroit 13.6
16 Buffalo 13.6
United States 13.5
17 Cincinnati 13.3
18 Indianapolis 13.3
19 Phoenix 13.2
20 New Orleans 13.1
21 San Diego 12.9
22 Portland 12.8
23 Kansas City 12.8
24 San Antonio 12.8
25 Columbus 12.5
26 Richmond 12.3
27 San Jose 12.1
28 Virginia Beach 12.1
29 Nashville 12.0
30 Birmingham 11.9
31 Raleigh 11.1
32 Houston 11.0
33 Atlanta 10.7
34 Denver 10.5
35 Dallas 10.1
36 Washington, D.C. 10.0
37 Las Vegas 9.7
38 Austin 9.3
39 Charlotte 8.7
Retail Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Miami 11.8
2 Tampa 11.2
3 Riverside 10.9
4 Jacksonville 10.8
5 Orlando 10.8
6 Providence 10.8
7 San Antonio 10.6
8 New Orleans 10.6
9 Phoenix 10.6
10 Oklahoma City 10.4
11 Buffalo 10.4
12 Birmingham 10.4
13 Las Vegas 10.4
14 Virginia Beach 10.3
15 Charlotte 10.2
16 Raleigh 10.2
United States 10.1
17 Atlanta 10.1
18 Pittsburgh 10.1
19 Detroit 10.0
20 Kansas City 9.7
21 Houston 9.7
22 Salt Lake City 9.7
23 Memphis 9.5
24 Portland 9.5
25 Sacramento 9.5
26 Richmond 9.5
27 Philadelphia 9.5
28 Dallas 9.4
29 St. Louis 9.4
30 Chicago 9.2
31 Nashville 9.2
32 Louisville 9.2
33 Cleveland 9.1
34 Cincinnati 9.1
35 Austin 9.1
36 Minneapolis 9.1
37 San Diego 9.0
38 Columbus 8.9
39 Los Angeles 8.9
40 Baltimore 8.9
41 Indianapolis 8.9
42 Hartford 8.9
43 New York 8.8
44 Milwaukee 8.8
45 Denver 8.6
46 Seattle 8.5
47 Washington, D.C. 7.9
48 San Francisco 7.6
49 San Jose 6.4
Leisure and Hospitality Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Las Vegas 25.9
2 Orlando 19.1
3 New Orleans 13.8
4 San Diego 12.6
5 San Antonio 12.2
6 Los Angeles 11.7
7 Miami 11.5
8 Virginia Beach 11.4
9 Oklahoma City 11.3
10 Providence 11.2
11 Jacksonville 11.2
12 Nashville 10.9
13 Tampa 10.9
14 Austin 10.9
15 Riverside 10.8
16 Cincinnati 10.7
17 Charlotte 10.5
18 Denver 10.5
19 Houston 10.4
United States 10.4
20 Raleigh 10.4
21 Sacramento 10.2
22 Phoenix 10.2
23 St. Louis 10.1
24 Buffalo 10.0
25 Kansas City 9.9
26 Atlanta 9.7
27 Pittsburgh 9.7
28 Dallas 9.7
29 Louisville 9.7
30 San Francisco 9.6
31 Chicago 9.5
32 Memphis 9.4
33 Richmond 9.4
34 Indianapolis 9.3
35 Portland 9.3
36 Columbus 9.3
37 Cleveland 9.1
38 Boston 9.1
39 Washington, D.C. 9.1
40 Minneapolis 9.0
41 Detroit 8.9
42 Milwaukee 8.9
43 Seattle 8.8
44 New York 8.8
45 Birmingham 8.7
46 Baltimore 8.7
47 Philadelphia 8.6
48 San Jose 8.3
49 Salt Lake City 8.2
50 Hartford 7.9
Manufacturing Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 San Jose 15.5
2 Milwaukee 13.5
3 Detroit 12.4
4 Louisville 12.2
5 Cleveland 11.3
6 Minneapolis 10.4
7 Cincinnati 10.4
8 Portland 10.3
9 Buffalo 9.8
10 Hartford 9.7
11 Chicago 8.6
12 Providence 8.6
United States 8.4
13 Charlotte 8.4
14 Indianapolis 8.3
15 St. Louis 8.3
16 Salt Lake City 7.9
17 Los Angeles 7.7
18 Nashville 7.7
19 San Diego 7.7
20 Seattle 7.6
21 Kansas City 7.6
22 Virginia Beach 7.3
23 Dallas 7.3
24 Pittsburgh 7.2
25 Birmingham 7.0
26 Houston 6.9
27 Memphis 6.7
28 Boston 6.6
29 Columbus 6.5
30 Phoenix 6.4
31 San Francisco 6.3
32 Riverside 6.0
33 Philadelphia 5.9
34 Atlanta 5.9
35 Austin 5.5
36 New Orleans 5.3
37 Oklahoma City 5.2
38 San Antonio 5.0
39 Tampa 5.0
40 Raleigh 4.8
41 Richmond 4.7
42 Denver 4.5
43 Jacksonville 4.5
44 Baltimore 4.2
45 Sacramento 3.8
46 Orlando 3.7
47 New York 3.5
48 Miami 3.4
49 Las Vegas 2.7
50 Washington, D.C. 1.7
Financial Activities Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Jacksonville 9.5
2 Tampa 9.4
3 Phoenix 9.4
4 Charlotte 9.2
5 Hartford 9.0
6 San Antonio 8.8
7 Dallas 8.8
8 New York 8.1
9 Richmond 8.1
10 Salt Lake City 7.9
11 Birmingham 7.9
12 Minneapolis 7.7
13 Philadelphia 7.5
14 Miami 7.5
15 Columbus 7.5
16 Denver 7.4
17 Louisville 7.0
18 Kansas City 7.0
19 Cleveland 7.0
20 St. Louis 6.9
21 Cincinnati 6.9
22 Nashville 6.8
23 Chicago 6.8
24 Boston 6.7
25 Indianapolis 6.6
26 Atlanta 6.6
27 Pittsburgh 6.5
28 Orlando 6.4
29 Providence 6.4
30 Detroit 6.3
31 Portland 6.2
32 Buffalo 6.2
33 Austin 6.1
34 Milwaukee 5.9
United States 5.9
35 San Francisco 5.9
36 Raleigh 5.7
37 Houston 5.5
38 Baltimore 5.5
39 Las Vegas 5.4
40 Oklahoma City 5.4
41 Los Angeles 5.3
42 New Orleans 5.1
43 Virginia Beach 5.1
44 San Diego 5.0
45 Seattle 4.9
46 Sacramento 4.9
47 Washington, D.C. 4.7
48 Memphis 4.2
49 San Jose 3.3
50 Riverside 2.8
Information Sector Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 San Jose 9.2
2 Seattle 6.9
3 San Francisco 6.2
4 Los Angeles 4.2
5 Austin 4.1
6 Atlanta 3.8
7 Raleigh 3.5
8 Denver 3.4
9 New York 3.3
10 Salt Lake City 3.1
11 Boston 3.0
12 Nashville 2.8
13 Washington, D.C. 2.4
14 Portland 2.2
15 Dallas 2.2
16 St. Louis 2.0
United States 2.0
17 Miami 2.0
18 Charlotte 2.0
19 Tampa 1.9
20 Orlando 1.9
21 Pittsburgh 1.9
22 Phoenix 1.9
23 Philadelphia 1.8
24 Jacksonville 1.7
25 Chicago 1.7
26 New Orleans 1.7
27 Birmingham 1.7
28 San Antonio 1.7
29 Columbus 1.6
30 Hartford 1.6
31 Minneapolis 1.5
32 Kansas City 1.5
33 Cleveland 1.5
34 Detroit 1.5
35 Milwaukee 1.5
36 San Diego 1.4
37 Louisville 1.3
38 Las Vegas 1.2
39 Cincinnati 1.2
40 Baltimore 1.2
41 Virginia Beach 1.2
42 Providence 1.1
43 Indianapolis 1.1
44 Buffalo 1.1
45 Houston 1.0
46 Sacramento 1.0
47 Richmond 1.0
48 Oklahoma City 0.9
49 Memphis 0.8
50 Riverside 0.6
Professional and Business Services Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Washington, D.C. 24.3
2 San Jose 21.9
3 Austin 21.4
4 San Francisco 21.3
5 Raleigh 20.6
6 Detroit 19.9
7 Atlanta 19.7
8 Denver 19.6
9 Tampa 19.4
10 Orlando 19.4
11 Boston 19.3
12 Seattle 18.8
13 Dallas 18.7
14 San Diego 18.6
15 Chicago 18.4
16 Baltimore 18.1
17 Miami 18.1
18 Richmond 18.0
19 Salt Lake City 17.9
20 Nashville 17.5
21 Charlotte 17.3
22 Kansas City 17.2
23 Phoenix 16.9
24 Indianapolis 16.7
25 Columbus 16.6
26 Houston 16.6
27 New York 16.5
28 Pittsburgh 16.5
29 Philadelphia 16.5
30 Cincinnati 16.5
31 Portland 16.3
32 Jacksonville 16.2
33 Los Angeles 16.1
34 Minneapolis 15.7
35 St. Louis 15.6
36 Memphis 15.1
37 Virginia Beach 15.0
38 Las Vegas 14.9
United States 14.8
39 Cleveland 14.7
40 Milwaukee 14.4
41 San Antonio 14.3
42 Sacramento 13.9
43 Buffalo 13.7
44 New Orleans 13.6
45 Birmingham 13.6
46 Oklahoma City 13.4
47 Louisville 13.4
48 Hartford 13.1
49 Providence 13.0
50 Riverside 10.8
Transportation and Warehousing Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Memphis 13.2
2 Riverside 12.9
3 Louisville 9.5
4 Columbus 8.2
5 Indianapolis 8.0
6 Jacksonville 7.2
7 Dallas 6.5
8 Atlanta 6.5
9 Nashville 6.4
10 Las Vegas 6.4
11 Chicago 6.1
12 Kansas City 6.0
13 Charlotte 5.9
14 Cincinnati 5.9
15 Houston 5.7
16 Salt Lake City 5.6
17 Baltimore 5.6
18 Miami 5.4
19 Birmingham 5.4
20 New Orleans 5.1
21 Phoenix 5.0
22 Oklahoma City 4.9
23 Richmond 4.9
24 Detroit 4.9
25 Philadelphia 4.8
26 Denver 4.8
27 St. Louis 4.5
28 Seattle 4.5
29 Hartford 4.4
30 Orlando 4.4
United States 4.4
31 Portland 4.3
32 New York 4.2
33 Los Angeles 4.2
34 San Francisco 4.2
35 Pittsburgh 4.1
36 Minneapolis 4.1
37 Milwaukee 4.0
38 Buffalo 4.0
39 San Antonio 4.0
40 Virginia Beach 3.8
41 Sacramento 3.8
42 Cleveland 3.4
43 Raleigh 3.4
44 Tampa 3.4
45 Providence 3.3
46 Austin 2.7
47 San Diego 2.6
48 Washington, D.C. 2.3
49 San Jose 1.7

In recent years, the St. Louis region and the nation have seen substantial employment changes in some industries in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The leisure and hospitality and the transportation and warehousing industries are particularly noteworthy. Due to public health policies and changes in consumer behavior at the start of the pandemic the leisure and hospitality industry experienced large declines in employment. Those same factors resulted in increased growth in the transportation and warehousing industry as online shopping boomed during the pandemic.

Change in Government Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Houston 6.3
2 Las Vegas 5.3
3 Dallas 4.6
4 Sacramento 4.6
5 Birmingham 4.3
6 Nashville 3.9
7 Indianapolis 3.3
8 Austin 3.1
9 Memphis 2.8
10 Washington, D.C. 2.5
11 San Antonio 2.2
12 Denver 1.9
13 Charlotte 1.8
14 Raleigh 1.8
15 Atlanta 1.6
16 Columbus 1.4
17 Jacksonville 1.2
18 Salt Lake City 0.9
19 San Jose 0.4
20 Phoenix 0.3
21 San Diego 0.2
22 Orlando -0.2
23 Richmond -0.5
24 Boston -0.5
25 Providence -0.5
26 Riverside -0.6
27 Hartford -0.8
United States -0.8
28 Philadelphia -0.9
29 Detroit -1.2
30 Oklahoma City -1.3
31 Baltimore -1.3
32 Cincinnati -1.4
33 Kansas City -2.2
34 Miami -2.3
35 New York -2.3
36 Los Angeles -2.4
37 San Francisco -2.5
38 Minneapolis -2.8
39 Tampa -2.8
40 Virginia Beach -3.2
41 Buffalo -4.0
42 St. Louis -4.3
43 Portland -4.3
44 Pittsburgh -4.5
45 Chicago -4.6
46 Cleveland -4.6
47 Louisville -5.7
48 Seattle -6.1
49 New Orleans -6.6
50 Milwaukee -6.9
Change in Health and Social Assistance Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Las Vegas 22.3
2 Raleigh 19.2
3 Riverside 18.6
4 Phoenix 17.7
5 Austin 17.3
6 Sacramento 14.3
7 San Diego 13.2
8 Atlanta 12.7
9 San Jose 12.2
10 New York 12.1
11 Los Angeles 11.0
12 Nashville 10.6
13 Charlotte 10.4
14 Oklahoma City 10.2
15 Indianapolis 10.1
16 Houston 9.4
17 Dallas 7.8
18 Portland 7.7
19 Philadelphia 6.3
20 New Orleans 5.6
United States 5.3
21 Kansas City 5.2
22 Minneapolis 4.4
23 Denver 4.4
24 Washington, D.C. 4.3
25 Cincinnati 2.8
26 San Antonio 2.6
27 Columbus 2.4
28 Birmingham 1.7
29 Virginia Beach 1.5
30 St. Louis 0.6
31 Richmond 0.6
32 Milwaukee -0.1
33 Hartford -0.5
34 Cleveland -1.8
35 Providence -2.5
36 Baltimore -2.6
37 Pittsburgh -3.2
38 Detroit -3.9
39 Buffalo -6.8
Change in Retail Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Austin 8.9
2 Phoenix 5.9
3 Jacksonville 5.8
4 Charlotte 5.8
5 Salt Lake City 5.6
6 Oklahoma City 4.6
7 San Antonio 4.2
8 Nashville 4.1
9 Atlanta 3.7
10 Las Vegas 3.5
11 Tampa 3.4
12 Dallas 3.2
13 Houston 1.7
14 Raleigh 1.6
15 Orlando 0.6
16 Riverside -0.2
17 Birmingham -0.5
18 Sacramento -0.6
19 Denver -1.2
20 Richmond -1.5
21 Providence -1.5
22 Miami -1.7
23 Columbus -1.8
24 Portland -1.9
United States -2.0
25 Indianapolis -3.4
26 Philadelphia -3.7
27 Seattle -3.7
28 Kansas City -3.7
29 Los Angeles -4.0
30 Cleveland -4.9
31 Cincinnati -5.5
32 Chicago -5.8
33 Detroit -5.8
34 Louisville -5.9
35 New Orleans -6.1
36 Washington, D.C. -6.5
37 Minneapolis -6.6
38 Pittsburgh -6.9
39 San Diego -7.1
40 Memphis -7.4
41 Milwaukee -7.9
42 St. Louis -8.1
43 Virginia Beach -8.5
44 Hartford -8.5
45 Baltimore -8.8
46 Buffalo -9.2
47 New York -9.8
48 San Francisco -11.3
49 San Jose -14.1
Change in Leisure and Hospitality Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Nashville 10.6
2 Austin 10.2
3 Salt Lake City 8.9
4 Riverside 8.0
5 Houston 7.1
6 Dallas 6.3
7 Oklahoma City 5.6
8 Phoenix 5.4
9 Sacramento 5.2
10 Tampa 5.0
11 Raleigh 4.2
12 Orlando 3.4
13 San Antonio 3.0
14 Jacksonville 2.2
15 Charlotte 1.5
16 Denver 0.5
17 Kansas City 0.5
18 Atlanta -0.1
19 Miami -0.5
20 Columbus -0.8
21 San Diego -1.1
22 Cincinnati -1.3
United States -1.3
23 Los Angeles -1.9
24 Richmond -2.1
25 Providence -2.2
26 Indianapolis -2.5
27 Las Vegas -3.2
28 Philadelphia -3.4
29 Virginia Beach -4.5
30 Milwaukee -4.9
31 Louisville -5.2
32 St. Louis -6.1
33 Seattle -6.2
34 New York -6.3
35 Birmingham -6.4
36 Hartford -6.4
37 Portland -6.5
38 San Jose -6.6
39 Minneapolis -6.6
40 Pittsburgh -6.7
41 Chicago -7.3
42 Boston -7.6
43 Washington, D.C. -8.9
44 Cleveland -9.0
45 Memphis -9.1
46 Detroit -10.3
47 Buffalo -11.5
48 San Francisco -12.6
49 Baltimore -12.7
50 New Orleans -13.4
Change in Manufacturing Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Las Vegas 25.1
2 Austin 22.6
3 Phoenix 18.7
4 Orlando 17.6
5 San Antonio 16.2
6 Sacramento 12.9
7 Raleigh 12.0
8 Jacksonville 11.0
9 Dallas 10.7
10 Salt Lake City 10.5
11 Tampa 10.4
12 San Francisco 9.6
13 Virginia Beach 9.2
14 San Jose 7.4
15 San Diego 7.3
16 Atlanta 6.9
17 Miami 6.5
18 Kansas City 6.4
19 Oklahoma City 6.4
20 Minneapolis 3.7
21 Charlotte 3.7
22 Denver 3.6
23 Baltimore 3.5
24 Washington, D.C. 3.3
25 Memphis 3.3
26 Birmingham 3.2
United States 3.1
27 Indianapolis 2.7
28 Buffalo 2.7
29 Portland 2.7
30 Columbus 2.5
31 Houston 1.9
32 Nashville 1.9
33 St. Louis 1.3
34 Louisville 1.2
35 Riverside 1.0
36 Cincinnati 0.9
37 Richmond 0.9
38 Providence 0.2
39 Philadelphia -1.2
40 Boston -1.3
41 Detroit -2.3
42 Chicago -2.4
43 Milwaukee -2.5
44 Cleveland -2.8
45 Pittsburgh -3.4
46 New Orleans -3.6
47 Hartford -3.8
48 New York -5.1
49 Los Angeles -6.7
50 Seattle -10.0
Change in Financial Activities Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Austin 29.9
2 Raleigh 28.0
3 Charlotte 25.2
4 Tampa 22.0
5 Dallas 21.5
6 Orlando 20.4
7 Phoenix 17.7
8 Atlanta 16.8
9 Miami 16.2
10 Las Vegas 15.7
11 Nashville 15.0
12 Richmond 13.2
13 Indianapolis 12.2
14 Houston 11.5
15 Salt Lake City 10.6
16 San Antonio 9.8
17 Jacksonville 9.4
18 Cleveland 9.3
19 Oklahoma City 8.7
20 Denver 8.0
21 Detroit 7.9
22 Portland 7.6
23 St. Louis 7.3
United States 7.0
24 Philadelphia 6.0
25 Cincinnati 5.6
26 San Jose 5.3
27 Virginia Beach 5.3
28 Seattle 5.2
29 Riverside 4.7
30 Birmingham 3.5
31 San Diego 3.2
32 Chicago 3.2
33 New York 3.1
34 Louisville 2.6
35 Minneapolis 1.9
36 Pittsburgh 1.8
37 San Francisco 1.4
38 Columbus 0.4
39 Boston 0.1
40 Sacramento -0.6
41 Washington, D.C. -1.3
42 Milwaukee -1.4
43 Providence -1.8
44 Kansas City -2.5
45 Memphis -2.8
46 Los Angeles -3.4
47 New Orleans -5.0
48 Baltimore -6.2
49 Buffalo -8.4
50 Hartford -9.6
Change in Information Sector Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Austin 68.5
2 San Francisco 44.2
3 Jacksonville 44.1
4 Nashville 34.2
5 Seattle 31.0
6 New Orleans 30.1
7 San Jose 24.7
8 Birmingham 23.7
9 Salt Lake City 17.2
10 Charlotte 16.7
11 Pittsburgh 15.1
12 Las Vegas 14.9
13 Raleigh 14.8
14 Phoenix 14.3
15 Tampa 13.8
16 Cleveland 13.7
17 Philadelphia 13.4
18 Denver 13.0
19 Orlando 10.7
20 Atlanta 10.6
United States 9.2
21 Washington, D.C. 9.0
22 New York 8.7
23 Miami 8.4
24 Dallas 8.0
25 Los Angeles 7.9
26 Portland 6.2
27 Columbus 4.6
28 Boston 2.4
29 Chicago 2.4
30 St. Louis 2.1
31 Houston 1.9
32 Detroit 0.7
33 Memphis -1.8
34 Cincinnati -2.2
35 Baltimore -4.6
36 Kansas City -5.1
37 San Diego -6.0
38 Louisville -6.5
39 Providence -8.1
40 Milwaukee -8.8
41 San Antonio -10.6
42 Richmond -10.7
43 Minneapolis -10.7
44 Riverside -12.1
45 Hartford -15.2
46 Sacramento -16.7
47 Buffalo -16.9
48 Virginia Beach -17.0
49 Indianapolis -17.6
50 Oklahoma City -24.7
Change in Professional and Business Services Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Austin 46.9
2 Dallas 28.9
3 Raleigh 25.1
4 Seattle 24.4
5 Orlando 22.9
6 Tampa 22.8
7 Riverside 22.1
8 Nashville 21.8
9 San Diego 19.3
10 San Antonio 18.1
11 Denver 18.1
12 Jacksonville 17.7
13 Miami 16.6
14 Las Vegas 16.5
15 Salt Lake City 15.4
16 Phoenix 13.6
17 Indianapolis 12.5
18 Atlanta 12.4
19 Birmingham 12.0
20 Charlotte 11.6
21 Houston 11.6
22 Sacramento 11.4
23 Cincinnati 10.6
24 San Francisco 10.3
25 Portland 10.1
United States 9.8
26 Oklahoma City 9.4
27 Boston 9.3
28 Richmond 9.2
29 Los Angeles 9.0
30 Baltimore 8.4
31 Virginia Beach 8.3
32 Washington, D.C. 7.7
33 San Jose 7.5
34 Philadelphia 6.8
35 New York 6.1
36 Louisville 5.7
37 Columbus 5.2
38 Pittsburgh 4.5
39 Chicago 4.2
40 Buffalo 4.1
41 Providence 3.9
42 Memphis 3.7
43 St. Louis 3.6
44 Hartford 1.4
45 Detroit 1.1
46 Kansas City 1.0
47 New Orleans 0.9
48 Minneapolis -0.1
49 Cleveland -0.6
50 Milwaukee -3.8
Change in Transportation and Warehousing Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1 Raleigh 81.1
2 Riverside 78.6
3 Austin 66.5
4 Oklahoma City 57.9
5 Las Vegas 56.0
6 Nashville 51.5
7 Columbus 50.2
8 Orlando 48.3
9 Jacksonville 47.9
10 Sacramento 47.8
11 Cincinnati 47.0
12 Hartford 45.1
13 San Antonio 43.5
14 Tampa 43.3
15 Phoenix 41.7
16 Charlotte 40.7
17 Detroit 37.6
18 Dallas 34.3
19 Denver 33.6
20 Philadelphia 33.5
21 Baltimore 33.4
22 Atlanta 31.8
23 Miami 31.5
24 Kansas City 30.7
25 Houston 29.8
26 Indianapolis 29.4
27 Portland 29.4
28 Birmingham 28.9
29 Milwaukee 28.6
United States 28.4
30 Salt Lake City 28.1
31 Richmond 27.8
32 San Diego 25.6
33 Louisville 25.2
34 San Jose 24.7
35 Buffalo 22.9
36 Memphis 22.6
37 St. Louis 19.5
38 Chicago 19.0
39 San Francisco 18.7
40 Cleveland 17.6
41 Virginia Beach 16.7
42 Seattle 15.1
43 Washington, D.C. 14.8
44 Los Angeles 14.4
45 New York 13.2
46 Providence 12.9
47 Minneapolis 9.1
48 Pittsburgh 4.6
49 New Orleans -0.4

The region has many assets in the freight industry, exemplified by the metrics in this section. St. Louis has a large volume and value of freight imported to, exported from, or shipped within the region compared to most of the peer regions. This section also includes indication of an area for potential growth for the region, as the amount of foreign exports is below average.

Foreign Exports
In billions of dollars, 2018
Source: International Trade Administration
1 Houston 120.7
2 New York 97.7
3 Los Angeles 64.8
4 Seattle 59.7
5 Chicago 47.3
6 Detroit 44.1
7 New Orleans 36.6
8 Dallas 36.3
9 Miami 35.7
10 San Francisco 27.4
11 Cincinnati 27.4
12 Boston 24.5
13 Atlanta 24.1
14 Philadelphia 23.7
15 San Jose 22.2
16 Portland 21.4
17 San Diego 20.2
Peer Average 20.0
18 Minneapolis 20.0
19 Charlotte 14.1
20 Phoenix 13.6
21 Washington, D.C. 13.6
22 Hartford 13.1
23 Austin 12.9
24 Memphis 12.7
25 San Antonio 11.7
26 Indianapolis 11.1
27 St. Louis 10.9
28 Pittsburgh 9.8
29 Salt Lake City 9.7
30 Riverside 9.7
31 Cleveland 9.4
32 Louisville 9.0
33 Nashville 8.7
34 Columbus 7.5
35 Milwaukee 7.3
36 Kansas City 7.3
37 Providence 6.2
38 Sacramento 6.2
39 Baltimore 6.0
40 Buffalo 5.3
41 Tampa 5.0
42 Denver 4.5
43 Virginia Beach 4.0
44 Richmond 3.5
45 Raleigh 3.2
46 Orlando 3.1
47 Jacksonville 2.4
48 Birmingham 2.2
49 Las Vegas 2.2
50 Oklahoma City 1.5
Freight Tonnage
Amount of freight imported to, exported from, or shipped within the region in thousands of tons, 2020
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Freight Analysis Framework 5.4.1 Note: The geography is Combined Statistical Areas.
1 Houston 1,514,426
2 New York 1,259,118
3 Los Angeles 1,146,073
4 Chicago 1,039,539
5 Dallas 890,814
6 New Orleans 725,077
7 Detroit 561,465
8 San Francisco 535,566
9 Minneapolis 527,700
10 Seattle 492,677
11 Philadelphia 489,677
12 Atlanta 462,093
13 Boston 459,490
14 Miami 417,809
15 San Antonio 378,955
Peer Average 372,271
16 St. Louis 369,500
17 Portland 356,509
18 Austin 345,564
19 Washington, D.C. 311,650
20 Nashville 292,323
21 Denver 291,735
22 Cleveland 290,138
23 Pittsburgh 286,622
24 Phoenix 256,753
25 Kansas City 250,193
26 Columbus 249,500
27 Indianapolis 227,168
28 Salt Lake City 222,799
29 Cincinnati 210,367
30 Tampa 203,703
31 Milwaukee 200,805
32 Birmingham 192,439
33 Baltimore 182,856
34 Orlando 176,813
35 Virginia Beach 175,334
36 Raleigh 157,431
37 Louisville 143,117
38 Buffalo 139,549
39 Jacksonville 135,110
40 San Diego 133,074
41 Sacramento 132,495
42 Charlotte 125,880
43 Las Vegas 122,401
44 Oklahoma City 121,630
45 Richmond 120,001
46 Memphis 91,357
47 Hartford 81,429
Freight Value
Value of freight imported to, exported from, or shipped within the region in millions of dollars, 2020
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Freight Analysis Framework 5.4.1 Note: The geography is Combined Statistical Areas.
1 New York 2,391,429
2 Los Angeles 2,356,269
3 Chicago 1,519,918
4 Houston 1,205,817
5 Dallas 1,065,900
6 San Francisco 898,492
7 Detroit 890,982
8 Atlanta 748,506
9 Boston 740,392
10 Philadelphia 701,633
11 Seattle 563,327
12 Miami 508,110
Peer Average 475,509
13 Minneapolis 426,425
14 Columbus 383,388
15 Phoenix 338,993
16 St. Louis 329,245
17 Portland 328,861
18 Washington, D.C. 325,076
19 San Diego 321,430
20 Indianapolis 318,326
21 Cleveland 315,617
22 Denver 302,446
23 New Orleans 289,607
24 Baltimore 279,097
25 Nashville 276,590
26 Louisville 275,016
27 Cincinnati 269,669
28 Salt Lake City 266,366
29 Kansas City 263,128
30 Memphis 262,872
31 San Antonio 242,422
32 Pittsburgh 241,211
33 Austin 227,388
34 Orlando 224,097
35 Sacramento 216,871
36 Tampa 216,731
37 Charlotte 215,194
38 Milwaukee 213,022
39 Buffalo 187,509
40 Jacksonville 183,949
41 Raleigh 174,265
42 Virginia Beach 167,285
43 Birmingham 159,568
44 Richmond 145,629
45 Hartford 145,064
46 Oklahoma City 113,884
47 Las Vegas 111,919

This section offers indicators of an innovative economy, which is a goal of many metropolitan regions. Innovation is thought to generate more economic growth and income. While the region is below average on many of these indicators, St. Louis has some assets, including relatively moderate paying STEM Jobs and slightly above average percentage of jobs in STEM. Further, the region ranks competitively on patents and would likely rank higher if plant patents were included in the data. See page 35 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion.

Patents
Utility patents granted per 10,000 employees, 2015
Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; Bureau of Economic Analysis
1 San Jose 132.7
2 San Francisco 40.3
3 San Diego 34.9
4 Austin 27.5
5 Raleigh 24.8
6 Seattle 23.8
7 Boston 21.8
8 Portland 18.6
9 Minneapolis 17.3
10 Detroit 16.8
11 Hartford 12.9
12 Houston 10.3
13 Washington, D.C. 9.7
14 Cincinnati 9.7
United States 9.5
15 Salt Lake City 9.2
16 Phoenix 8.9
17 Cleveland 8.7
18 Dallas 8.7
19 Chicago 8.3
20 Denver 8.2
21 New York 8.1
22 Atlanta 8.1
23 Philadelphia 8.1
24 Milwaukee 7.9
25 Kansas City 7.5
26 Pittsburgh 7.5
27 Indianapolis 7.0
28 Providence 6.8
29 Sacramento 6.6
30 Baltimore 5.9
31 St. Louis 5.5
32 Miami 5.1
33 Memphis 5.1
34 Tampa 4.8
35 Louisville 4.6
36 Buffalo 4.5
37 Las Vegas 4.4
38 Columbus 4.2
39 Richmond 4.0
40 San Antonio 4.0
41 Charlotte 3.8
42 Orlando 3.8
43 Riverside 3.3
44 Jacksonville 3.0
45 Oklahoma City 2.4
46 Nashville 2.4
47 New Orleans 2.2
48 Birmingham 2.1
49 Virginia Beach 1.8
STEM Annual Median Wage
Annual median wage for STEM occupations, 2019
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1 San Jose 129,770
2 San Francisco 119,280
3 Seattle 114,390
4 Washington, D.C. 108,570
5 New York 100,860
6 Boston 98,600
7 San Diego 98,210
8 Los Angeles 97,170
9 Baltimore 96,590
10 Sacramento 95,130
11 Denver 94,180
12 Houston 92,550
13 Hartford 92,380
14 Philadelphia 91,270
15 Dallas 90,970
16 Minneapolis 89,190
17 Atlanta 87,990
18 Richmond 87,540
19 Detroit 87,490
20 Providence 87,480
21 Chicago 87,260
22 Raleigh 87,130
23 Austin 87,000
United States 86,980
24 Portland 86,330
25 Charlotte 86,130
26 Columbus 82,960
27 Riverside 82,540
28 Phoenix 82,210
29 St. Louis 81,640
30 Virginia Beach 81,350
31 Cincinnati 79,740
32 Kansas City 79,220
33 San Antonio 79,080
34 Orlando 78,870
35 Pittsburgh 78,620
36 Indianapolis 78,310
37 Birmingham 78,120
38 Milwaukee 77,840
39 Tampa 77,360
40 New Orleans 77,330
41 Salt Lake City 76,940
42 Las Vegas 76,940
43 Cleveland 76,550
44 Miami 76,250
45 Oklahoma City 75,820
46 Louisville 75,210
47 Jacksonville 74,130
48 Buffalo 73,920
49 Nashville 73,100
50 Memphis 68,850
STEM Employment
Jobs requiring knowledge of science, technology, engineering, or math as a percent of all jobs, 2019
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1 San Jose 21.0
2 Washington, D.C. 12.0
3 Seattle 12.0
4 San Francisco 11.9
5 Raleigh 11.8
6 Austin 11.2
7 Boston 10.7
8 Denver 9.8
9 San Diego 9.5
10 Detroit 9.5
11 Baltimore 9.1
12 Portland 8.7
13 Salt Lake City 8.5
14 Minneapolis 8.3
15 Hartford 8.2
16 Atlanta 7.7
17 Columbus 7.6
18 Kansas City 7.4
19 Dallas 7.4
20 Houston 7.3
21 Charlotte 7.1
22 Sacramento 7.1
23 Philadelphia 7.0
24 Pittsburgh 7.0
25 Virginia Beach 6.9
26 Phoenix 6.8
27 Indianapolis 6.8
28 Cincinnati 6.6
29 St. Louis 6.6
30 Oklahoma City 6.5
31 Milwaukee 6.4
32 Richmond 6.4
United States 6.4
33 Cleveland 6.2
34 Chicago 6.0
35 Los Angeles 6.0
36 Tampa 5.9
37 Nashville 5.7
38 Providence 5.6
39 New York 5.6
40 Orlando 5.3
41 San Antonio 5.3
42 Buffalo 5.3
43 Birmingham 5.3
44 Louisville 5.3
45 Jacksonville 5.0
46 Miami 4.3
47 New Orleans 4.1
48 Memphis 3.9
49 Las Vegas 3.0
50 Riverside 2.9
Incorporated Self-Employment
Percent of employed population that is self-employed in own incorporated business, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B24080)
1 Miami 7.8
2 Tampa 6.0
3 Orlando 5.5
4 Jacksonville 5.4
5 Los Angeles 5.1
6 New Orleans 5.0
7 Atlanta 4.9
8 Denver 4.8
9 Chicago 4.6
10 San Diego 4.6
11 Charlotte 4.6
12 New York 4.3
13 Portland 4.3
14 Raleigh 4.2
15 Phoenix 4.2
16 Oklahoma City 4.2
17 Birmingham 4.2
18 Baltimore 4.1
United States 4.0
19 Austin 4.0
20 Salt Lake City 4.0
21 Minneapolis 4.0
22 Seattle 3.9
23 Las Vegas 3.8
24 Sacramento 3.8
25 Providence 3.7
26 Riverside 3.7
27 Houston 3.7
28 Dallas 3.7
29 San Francisco 3.6
30 Philadelphia 3.6
31 Detroit 3.6
32 Richmond 3.5
33 Washington, D.C. 3.4
34 Cleveland 3.4
35 St. Louis 3.4
36 Kansas City 3.4
37 Boston 3.4
38 Hartford 3.3
39 Buffalo 3.3
40 Indianapolis 3.3
41 Columbus 3.3
42 Louisville 3.2
43 Milwaukee 3.1
44 San Antonio 3.1
45 Virginia Beach 3.1
46 Pittsburgh 3.0
47 San Jose 2.9
48 Memphis 2.9
49 Nashville 2.9
50 Cincinnati 2.8

Crime

Crime in the United States, and the St. Louis region, has been on a long-term decline but violent crimes, particularly murders, increased in recent years. This section uses two sources of data that provide slightly different perspectives. The data under “crime rates” is from the FBI Uniform Crime Report, documenting crimes where they occur. The data in the “victims” section is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which provides data on the location of the victim’s residence. St. Louis ranks about average on most indicators and has a relatively high rate of murder. See page 69 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The overall crime rate for the St. Louis region is slightly higher than the national average and lower than many of the peer regions. Property crimes comprise a vast majority of all crimes and drive the overall crime rates. St. Louis is above the national average on violent and property crime rates, yet still has lower rates than a number of the peer regions. Murder and rape are two types of violent crimes. St. Louis has a relatively large rate of murders and is below average on the rape crime rate.

Total Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2015
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1 Memphis 4,997
2 San Antonio 4,390
3 Seattle 4,176
4 San Francisco 4,085
5 Birmingham 4,027
6 Indianapolis 3,882
7 Miami 3,796
8 Louisville 3,681
9 Orlando 3,636
10 Las Vegas 3,633
11 New Orleans 3,565
12 Oklahoma City 3,518
13 Kansas City 3,481
14 Atlanta 3,471
15 Jacksonville 3,445
16 Milwaukee 3,439
17 Baltimore 3,250
18 Nashville 3,193
19 Columbus 3,167
20 Riverside 3,167
21 Cincinnati 3,040
22 Virginia Beach 3,036
23 Sacramento 3,025
24 St. Louis 3,019
25 Tampa 3,012
26 Austin 2,961
United States 2,860
27 Buffalo 2,815
28 Los Angeles 2,740
29 Philadelphia 2,656
30 Minneapolis 2,653
31 Richmond 2,588
32 San Jose 2,568
33 Detroit 2,507
34 Hartford 2,428
35 Chicago 2,392
36 San Diego 2,254
37 Washington, D.C. 2,253
38 Providence 2,211
39 Pittsburgh 2,049
Property Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2017
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1 Salt Lake City 4,435
2 Memphis 4,229
3 Louisville 3,095
4 Miami 3,076
5 New Orleans 2,948
6 Oklahoma City 2,898
7 Indianapolis 2,882
8 Atlanta 2,866
9 Columbus 2,866
10 Phoenix 2,815
11 Charlotte 2,800
12 Las Vegas 2,779
13 Jacksonville 2,778
14 Orlando 2,774
15 Baltimore 2,733
16 Virginia Beach 2,634
17 Nashville 2,559
18 Milwaukee 2,546
19 Riverside 2,490
20 Cincinnati 2,441
21 St. Louis 2,439
22 Minneapolis 2,406
United States 2,362
23 Los Angeles 2,350
24 Austin 2,344
25 San Jose 2,275
26 Hartford 2,259
27 Sacramento 2,249
28 Buffalo 2,186
29 Cleveland 2,111
30 Tampa 2,102
31 Philadelphia 2,056
32 Chicago 2,025
33 Detroit 1,946
34 Washington, D.C. 1,745
35 San Diego 1,696
36 Providence 1,692
37 Pittsburgh 1,573
38 New York 1,336
39 Boston 1,309
Violent Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1 Memphis 1,143
2 Baltimore 721
3 Indianapolis 642
4 Milwaukee 610
5 Nashville 599
6 New Orleans 564
7 Detroit 535
8 Oklahoma City 530
9 Los Angeles 495
10 San Francisco 473
11 St. Louis 455
12 Jacksonville 453
13 Phoenix 446
14 Orlando 443
15 Miami 428
16 Charlotte 427
17 Philadelphia 409
18 Riverside 390
United States 381
19 Sacramento 375
20 Buffalo 372
21 Salt Lake City 369
22 Seattle 359
23 Dallas 351
24 San Diego 341
25 Atlanta 321
26 San Jose 314
27 Virginia Beach 307
28 Tampa 306
29 Portland 299
30 Austin 291
31 Boston 284
32 Providence 284
33 Columbus 282
34 Pittsburgh 275
35 Washington, D.C. 265
36 Minneapolis 253
37 Richmond 239
38 Hartford 237
39 Cincinnati 225
Murder Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1 Memphis 17.2
2 New Orleans 15.5
3 Baltimore 13.3
4 St. Louis 12.9
5 Indianapolis 9.3
6 Philadelphia 8.9
7 Detroit 8.0
8 Jacksonville 8.0
9 Chicago 8.0
10 Nashville 7.8
11 Richmond 7.8
12 Las Vegas 7.6
13 Milwaukee 7.2
14 Virginia Beach 6.9
15 Houston 6.3
16 Miami 6.2
17 Columbus 6.1
18 Atlanta 5.7
19 Pittsburgh 5.5
20 Buffalo 5.5
21 San Antonio 5.4
22 Orlando 5.4
23 Charlotte 5.2
24 Oklahoma City 5.2
United States 5.0
25 Washington, D.C. 5.0
26 Riverside 4.8
27 Phoenix 4.6
28 Los Angeles 4.6
29 Dallas 4.4
30 San Francisco 4.1
31 Cincinnati 3.9
32 Tampa 3.8
33 Sacramento 3.7
34 Seattle 3.3
35 Hartford 2.8
36 Salt Lake City 2.7
37 San Diego 2.5
38 Austin 2.4
39 Portland 1.9
40 Boston 1.9
41 Minneapolis 1.9
42 San Jose 1.6
43 Providence 1.4
Rape Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1 Las Vegas 82.9
2 Salt Lake City 73.8
3 San Antonio 72.2
4 New Orleans 69.1
5 Oklahoma City 61.4
6 Austin 60.9
7 Detroit 60.5
8 Columbus 59.2
9 Portland 55.5
10 Orlando 49.9
11 Phoenix 49.5
12 Jacksonville 48.1
13 Indianapolis 46.3
14 Nashville 45.9
15 Minneapolis 45.9
16 Dallas 45.1
17 Houston 44.1
18 Milwaukee 43.7
19 San Jose 43.3
20 Providence 43.0
United States 42.6
21 St. Louis 41.9
22 Los Angeles 41.0
23 Chicago 40.3
24 Cincinnati 39.5
25 Tampa 38.5
26 Baltimore 38.3
27 San Francisco 38.3
28 Buffalo 35.2
29 San Diego 34.7
30 Miami 33.8
31 Philadelphia 32.3
32 Riverside 32.2
33 Washington, D.C. 31.8
34 Boston 29.5
35 Sacramento 29.2
36 Richmond 27.7
37 Atlanta 26.1
38 Pittsburgh 25.8
39 Hartford 23.1

St. Louis has one of the highest rates of homicides among the peer regions, and the rate has increased more in the region than in most of the peer regions. Most homicides are committed with firearms and blacks are disproportionately likely to be murdered.

Homicides
Per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Memphis 20.0
2 Birmingham 16.8
3 New Orleans 16.8
4 St. Louis 13.7
5 Baltimore 13.4
6 Kansas City 10.7
7 Indianapolis 10.2
8 Cleveland 9.5
9 Jacksonville 9.1
10 Detroit 9.0
11 Chicago 8.9
12 Philadelphia 8.9
13 Virginia Beach 8.6
14 Las Vegas 8.5
15 Nashville 8.4
16 Milwaukee 8.2
17 Louisville 7.9
18 Richmond 7.9
19 Columbus 7.3
20 Atlanta 7.2
21 Houston 7.0
22 Miami 6.7
23 San Antonio 6.6
24 Buffalo 6.5
25 Orlando 6.4
26 Pittsburgh 6.0
27 Oklahoma City 5.9
United States 5.8
28 Riverside 5.6
29 Phoenix 5.5
30 Washington, D.C. 5.4
31 Charlotte 5.4
32 Cincinnati 5.3
33 Tampa 5.1
34 Dallas 4.9
35 Los Angeles 4.9
36 Denver 4.6
37 Sacramento 4.4
38 San Francisco 4.0
39 Seattle 3.9
40 Hartford 3.0
41 Austin 3.0
42 New York 2.9
43 San Diego 2.7
44 Salt Lake City 2.7
45 Portland 2.4
46 Boston 2.2
47 Raleigh 2.1
48 Minneapolis 2.1
49 San Jose 1.8
50 Providence 1.4
Change in Homicides
Point difference in homicide rate, 1999-2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Memphis 6.1
2 St. Louis 5.1
3 Cleveland 5.0
4 Birmingham 3.8
5 Buffalo 3.6
6 Columbus 3.3
7 Indianapolis 1.8
8 Louisville 1.7
9 Cincinnati 1.6
10 New Orleans 1.4
11 Pittsburgh 1.4
12 Philadelphia 1.1
13 Nashville 0.9
14 Tampa 0.5
15 Kansas City 0.5
16 Boston 0.2
17 Orlando 0.2
18 Seattle 0.1
19 Jacksonville -0.1
20 Baltimore -0.2
21 Hartford -0.2
United States -0.3
22 Virginia Beach -0.3
23 Oklahoma City -0.4
24 Sacramento -0.6
25 San Jose -0.6
26 Las Vegas -0.7
27 Austin -0.7
28 Atlanta -0.8
29 Minneapolis -0.8
30 Miami -0.9
31 Portland -0.9
32 San Diego -0.9
33 Denver -0.9
34 Salt Lake City -1.0
35 Milwaukee -1.0
36 Riverside -1.1
37 Houston -1.2
38 Providence -1.6
39 San Antonio -1.7
40 Chicago -1.8
41 San Francisco -1.8
42 Dallas -2.1
43 New York -2.6
44 Washington, D.C. -3.1
45 Los Angeles -3.2
46 Raleigh -3.2
47 Detroit -3.5
48 Richmond -3.6
49 Charlotte -4.7
50 Phoenix -4.9
Change in Homicides
Point difference in homicide rate, 2016-2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Birmingham 2.9
2 Nashville 2.0
3 St. Louis 1.4
4 Columbus 1.1
5 Seattle 1.0
6 Hartford 0.8
7 Kansas City 0.6
8 Buffalo 0.5
9 Philadelphia 0.4
10 Indianapolis 0.4
11 Riverside 0.3
12 Boston 0.2
13 Las Vegas 0.1
14 Jacksonville -0.1
15 Cincinnati -0.1
16 Tampa -0.1
United States -0.2
17 Miami -0.2
18 Washington, D.C. -0.3
19 Sacramento -0.3
20 Portland -0.3
21 Denver -0.3
22 Pittsburgh -0.4
23 Virginia Beach -0.4
24 San Diego -0.5
25 Minneapolis -0.5
26 Los Angeles -0.5
27 Cleveland -0.6
28 Phoenix -0.6
29 Memphis -0.6
30 Baltimore -0.7
31 Dallas -0.7
32 Detroit -0.7
33 Atlanta -0.7
34 New York -0.7
35 Providence -0.8
36 Orlando -0.9
37 Austin -0.9
38 Houston -0.9
39 Salt Lake City -1.0
40 San Jose -1.1
41 Raleigh -1.4
42 Charlotte -1.6
43 Richmond -1.6
44 San Francisco -1.6
45 San Antonio -2.2
46 Oklahoma City -2.4
47 Chicago -2.4
48 Milwaukee -2.7
49 New Orleans -2.8
50 Louisville -3.1
Racial Disparity in Homicides
Ratio of black to white homicides per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Chicago 26.53
2 Philadelphia 15.95
3 Detroit 15.14
4 Minneapolis 14.50
5 Boston 14.13
6 Washington, D.C. 14.00
7 Pittsburgh 13.79
8 Baltimore 13.46
9 St. Louis 12.86
10 Cincinnati 11.45
11 New York 11.44
12 San Francisco 10.50
13 Indianapolis 10.26
14 Kansas City 9.96
15 Denver 9.21
16 Cleveland 9.00
17 Jacksonville 8.52
18 Charlotte 8.05
19 Dallas 8.00
20 Memphis 7.98
United States 7.93
21 Phoenix 7.63
22 Louisville 7.44
23 Los Angeles 7.27
24 New Orleans 7.00
25 Columbus 7.00
26 Seattle 6.61
27 Nashville 6.59
28 Orlando 6.13
29 Birmingham 6.03
30 Atlanta 5.81
31 Virginia Beach 5.71
32 Oklahoma City 5.58
33 Houston 5.40
34 Miami 5.30
35 San Antonio 5.21
36 Las Vegas 5.20
37 Riverside 4.32
38 Tampa 4.08
39 Sacramento 4.00
Non-Hispanic Black Homicides
Per 100,000 non-Hispanic black people, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 St. Louis 54.0
2 Kansas City 48.8
3 Birmingham 41.0
4 Indianapolis 40.0
5 Chicago 39.8
6 Pittsburgh 38.6
7 Baltimore 37.7
8 Buffalo 37.3
9 New Orleans 37.1
10 Milwaukee 35.2
11 Memphis 35.1
12 Detroit 31.8
13 Cleveland 31.5
14 Philadelphia 30.3
15 Louisville 29.0
16 Nashville 29.0
17 Las Vegas 28.1
18 Jacksonville 28.1
19 Columbus 25.9
20 Cincinnati 25.2
United States 22.2
21 Denver 22.1
22 Richmond 21.3
23 San Francisco 21.0
24 Phoenix 20.6
25 San Antonio 20.3
26 Miami 19.6
27 Virginia Beach 19.4
28 Los Angeles 18.9
29 Houston 18.9
30 Orlando 18.4
31 Oklahoma City 18.4
32 Riverside 17.7
33 Tampa 16.3
34 Charlotte 16.1
35 Dallas 16.0
36 Washington, D.C. 15.4
37 Seattle 15.2
38 Atlanta 15.1
39 Sacramento 13.2
40 Minneapolis 11.6
41 Boston 11.3
42 New York 10.3
Non-Hispanic White Homicides
Per 100,000 non-Hispanic white people, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Birmingham 6.8
2 Las Vegas 5.4
3 New Orleans 5.3
4 Kansas City 4.9
5 Memphis 4.4
6 Nashville 4.4
7 St. Louis 4.2
8 Riverside 4.1
9 Tampa 4.0
10 Louisville 3.9
11 Indianapolis 3.9
12 San Antonio 3.9
13 Miami 3.7
14 Columbus 3.7
15 Houston 3.5
16 Cleveland 3.5
17 Virginia Beach 3.4
18 Sacramento 3.3
19 Oklahoma City 3.3
20 Jacksonville 3.3
21 Orlando 3.0
22 Baltimore 2.8
United States 2.8
23 Pittsburgh 2.8
24 Phoenix 2.7
25 Los Angeles 2.6
26 Atlanta 2.6
27 Denver 2.4
28 Seattle 2.3
29 Cincinnati 2.2
30 San Diego 2.1
31 Detroit 2.1
32 Dallas 2.0
33 Charlotte 2.0
34 San Francisco 2.0
35 Philadelphia 1.9
36 Portland 1.9
37 Chicago 1.5
38 Washington, D.C. 1.1
39 New York 0.9
40 Boston 0.8
41 Minneapolis 0.8
Firearm Homicides
Percent of all homicides, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Memphis 91.5
2 Kansas City 88.3
3 St. Louis 86.7
4 Birmingham 85.5
5 Louisville 85.4
6 Richmond 85.4
7 Detroit 85.1
8 New Orleans 83.6
9 Baltimore 83.5
10 Nashville 83.3
11 Milwaukee 83.1
12 Atlanta 82.0
13 Chicago 81.7
14 Indianapolis 80.9
15 Virginia Beach 80.5
16 Miami 80.5
17 Orlando 80.0
18 Jacksonville 79.9
19 Philadelphia 79.4
20 Pittsburgh 79.1
21 Dallas 78.4
22 Providence 78.3
23 Houston 77.3
24 Cincinnati 75.9
25 Phoenix 75.5
26 Charlotte 75.4
United States 74.1
27 San Antonio 74.1
28 Columbus 73.4
29 San Francisco 73.0
30 Denver 72.8
31 Washington, D.C. 71.7
32 Cleveland 70.9
33 Las Vegas 70.9
34 Buffalo 70.3
35 Boston 69.5
36 Los Angeles 69.3
37 Tampa 68.3
38 Oklahoma City 67.5
39 Riverside 66.5
40 Seattle 65.8
41 Raleigh 65.5
42 Sacramento 65.0
43 San Diego 62.9
44 Austin 62.1
45 Hartford 61.1
46 New York 60.8
47 Minneapolis 59.7
48 Portland 55.9
49 Salt Lake City 54.5
50 San Jose 50.0

Health

Despite a relatively low rate of residents who lack health insurance, the region is higher than average in the rankings for prevalence of some chronic conditions (stroke, heart disease, and cancer) and has high rates of death from leading diseases (heart disease and cancer). The region also has relatively high rates of heat- and cold- related deaths and opioid-drug related deaths. The prevalence of smoking tobacco, binge drinking, obesity, racial disparity, and infant mortality provide some potential indications of the causes for some of the high rates seen in the region. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The St. Louis region has a relatively low percentage of the population that lacks health insurance coverage, but black people in the region are about twice as likely as white people to lack insurance. St. Louis has relatively high rates on factors associated with poor health and diseases—tobacco smoking, binge drinking, and obesity as well as below average on the percentage of adults that meet the recommended exercise standard. For further discussion, see the Healthy and Active performance indicator on OneSTL.

Health Insurance Coverage
Persons lacking coverage as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B27001)
1 Houston 18.0
2 Dallas 15.8
3 San Antonio 15.0
4 Miami 13.0
5 Las Vegas 11.8
6 Atlanta 11.1
7 Oklahoma City 11.0
8 Austin 10.8
9 Tampa 10.7
10 Phoenix 10.6
11 Orlando 10.5
12 Salt Lake City 9.5
13 Memphis 9.5
14 Nashville 9.0
15 Charlotte 8.6
16 Jacksonville 8.5
17 Kansas City 8.2
18 Birmingham 8.2
19 Raleigh 8.1
United States 8.0
20 New Orleans 7.9
21 Riverside 7.7
22 Los Angeles 7.7
23 Chicago 7.3
24 Denver 6.9
25 Indianapolis 6.5
26 Columbus 6.5
27 San Diego 6.4
28 Virginia Beach 6.3
29 New York 6.0
30 Cleveland 5.6
31 St. Louis 5.5
32 Portland 5.5
33 Seattle 5.3
34 Philadelphia 5.1
35 Milwaukee 5.1
36 Richmond 4.9
37 Louisville 4.7
38 Cincinnati 4.7
39 Baltimore 4.6
40 Minneapolis 4.4
41 Hartford 4.3
42 Detroit 4.3
43 Sacramento 4.1
44 San Francisco 3.9
45 Providence 3.7
46 Pittsburgh 3.7
47 San Jose 3.3
48 Buffalo 3.2
49 Boston 2.4
Racial Disparity in Health Insurance Coverage
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, persons lacking coverage as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1 Providence 3.50
2 Hartford 2.92
3 Milwaukee 2.60
4 Minneapolis 2.57
5 Columbus 2.39
6 Phoenix 2.38
7 Raleigh 2.26
8 Birmingham 2.18
9 San Francisco 2.17
10 Buffalo 2.15
11 Pittsburgh 2.13
12 Baltimore 2.09
13 New York 2.08
14 Miami 2.07
15 Indianapolis 2.06
16 Boston 2.06
17 Denver 2.03
18 San Diego 1.91
19 Seattle 1.86
20 Philadelphia 1.86
21 Richmond 1.86
22 Austin 1.86
23 Kansas City 1.77
24 Chicago 1.77
25 Cleveland 1.77
26 Dallas 1.76
27 Houston 1.73
28 St. Louis 1.71
29 Charlotte 1.69
30 Atlanta 1.66
31 Las Vegas 1.65
United States 1.64
32 Memphis 1.60
33 Riverside 1.59
34 Sacramento 1.58
35 Detroit 1.58
36 Los Angeles 1.57
37 New Orleans 1.53
38 San Antonio 1.49
39 Orlando 1.43
40 Portland 1.42
41 Louisville 1.42
42 Nashville 1.39
43 Jacksonville 1.36
44 Oklahoma City 1.36
45 Tampa 1.35
46 Cincinnati 1.34
47 Virginia Beach 1.31
Prevalence of Smoking
Percent of adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Nashville 18.4
2 Cleveland 17.6
3 Cincinnati 17.1
4 Memphis 17.1
5 New Orleans 16.6
6 Buffalo 16.2
7 Birmingham 15.9
8 Louisville 15.8
9 Indianapolis 15.6
10 St. Louis 15.5
11 Detroit 15.4
12 Virginia Beach 15.1
13 Pittsburgh 15.0
14 Columbus 14.9
15 Kansas City 14.6
16 Richmond 14.4
17 Oklahoma City 14.1
18 Milwaukee 14.1
19 Charlotte 13.9
20 Providence 13.5
United States 13.4
21 Philadelphia 13.0
22 Atlanta 12.9
23 Phoenix 12.9
24 Dallas 12.6
25 Hartford 12.0
26 Minneapolis 12.0
27 Houston 11.3
28 Denver 11.2
29 Riverside 10.8
30 Baltimore 10.6
31 Portland 10.5
32 San Antonio 10.4
33 Chicago 10.0
34 Boston 9.9
35 New York 9.7
36 Raleigh 8.9
37 Sacramento 8.8
38 Seattle 8.3
39 Salt Lake City 8.0
40 Austin 7.6
41 Los Angeles 7.4
42 San Francisco 7.0
Prevalence of Binge Drinking
Percent of adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Milwaukee 23.6
2 Denver 19.7
3 Raleigh 19.2
4 Cincinnati 19.2
5 Richmond 19.2
6 New Orleans 18.9
7 Kansas City 18.6
8 Pittsburgh 18.4
9 Minneapolis 18.0
10 Boston 17.9
11 Portland 17.7
12 Cleveland 17.7
13 Columbus 17.7
14 Buffalo 17.6
15 Austin 17.5
16 Detroit 17.2
17 Providence 16.9
18 Houston 16.8
19 Phoenix 16.5
20 Nashville 16.5
21 St. Louis 16.4
22 San Antonio 16.3
23 Virginia Beach 16.1
24 Dallas 16.0
25 Charlotte 15.8
26 Chicago 15.7
27 Salt Lake City 15.6
28 Indianapolis 15.5
United States 15.4
29 Seattle 15.3
30 Riverside 15.2
31 Philadelphia 15.1
32 Memphis 15.0
33 New York 14.8
34 Baltimore 14.6
35 Atlanta 14.6
36 Los Angeles 14.4
37 Sacramento 14.1
38 Louisville 13.8
39 Hartford 13.4
40 San Francisco 12.8
41 Birmingham 12.6
42 Oklahoma City 12.4
Prevalence of Obesity
Percent of adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 San Antonio 40.2
2 Birmingham 38.7
3 Riverside 38.6
4 St. Louis 37.8
5 Memphis 37.7
6 Oklahoma City 37.5
7 Virginia Beach 37.4
8 Louisville 36.7
9 Columbus 36.5
10 Kansas City 36.3
11 Cincinnati 36.1
12 Richmond 35.8
13 Milwaukee 35.6
14 Indianapolis 34.8
15 Charlotte 34.5
16 Baltimore 34.3
17 New Orleans 34.2
18 Hartford 34.1
19 Raleigh 33.7
20 Buffalo 33.6
21 Dallas 33.3
22 Chicago 33.2
United States 33.0
23 Houston 32.8
24 Cleveland 32.8
25 Philadelphia 32.0
26 Atlanta 31.8
27 Detroit 31.4
28 Pittsburgh 31.1
29 Minneapolis 31.0
30 Salt Lake City 30.8
31 Phoenix 30.4
32 Nashville 30.4
33 Providence 29.5
34 Austin 29.5
35 Portland 28.8
36 Sacramento 28.2
37 Los Angeles 26.7
38 New York 26.3
39 Boston 25.5
40 Seattle 25.4
41 Denver 24.8
42 San Francisco 23.0
Adults Meeting Aerobic Exercise Standard
Percent of adults, 2019
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Portland 59.2
2 Minneapolis 58.7
3 Seattle 57.5
4 Denver 57.0
5 San Francisco 55.9
6 Hartford 55.4
7 Tampa 55.1
8 Buffalo 54.8
9 San Jose 54.8
10 Sacramento 54.3
11 Detroit 54.1
12 Austin 54.1
13 Boston 53.4
14 Miami 53.3
15 Milwaukee 53.3
16 Los Angeles 53.0
17 Phoenix 52.9
18 Jacksonville 52.9
19 Raleigh 52.5
20 Salt Lake City 52.5
21 Orlando 52.5
22 Richmond 51.8
23 Baltimore 51.8
24 Charlotte 51.6
25 Philadelphia 50.9
26 Virginia Beach 50.8
27 Pittsburgh 50.5
United States 50.4
28 Chicago 49.7
29 Atlanta 49.5
30 San Antonio 49.4
31 Houston 49.4
32 Cleveland 49.4
33 Providence 49.2
34 New York 48.9
35 Nashville 48.5
36 Indianapolis 48.1
37 New Orleans 47.9
38 Birmingham 47.7
39 Riverside 47.6
40 St. Louis 47.0
41 Kansas City 46.6
42 Columbus 46.4
43 Dallas 46.4
44 Memphis 45.8
45 Cincinnati 45.8
46 Louisville 41.0
47 Oklahoma City 39.5

The St. Louis region has a relatively low rate of youth that do not have health insurance coverage, a rate that has decreased in recent years. The infant mortality rate in St. Louis is higher than the national average and many of the peer regions. The racial disparity on this metric is indicative of the wide disparities in health care coverage and socioeconomic factors present in St. Louis as well as in all of the peer regions. The St. Louis region has an above average youth mortality rate.

Youth Health Care Coverage
Youth lacking coverage as a percent of population under age 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B27001)
1 Houston 11.6
2 Dallas 11.3
3 San Antonio 8.9
4 Austin 8.8
5 Phoenix 8.7
6 Miami 8.0
7 Las Vegas 7.8
8 Salt Lake City 7.1
9 Orlando 6.7
10 Oklahoma City 6.4
11 Tampa 6.1
12 Nashville 6.1
13 Atlanta 6.0
14 Jacksonville 5.9
15 Kansas City 5.4
16 Charlotte 5.2
United States 5.1
17 New Orleans 5.0
18 Raleigh 4.6
19 Denver 4.5
20 Cleveland 4.5
21 Memphis 4.3
22 Virginia Beach 4.2
23 San Diego 4.2
24 Indianapolis 4.1
25 Riverside 4.0
26 Baltimore 3.9
27 Columbus 3.7
28 Chicago 3.6
29 Philadelphia 3.6
30 Cincinnati 3.5
31 Los Angeles 3.3
32 St. Louis 3.1
33 Louisville 3.1
34 New York 3.0
35 Minneapolis 3.0
36 Hartford 2.9
37 Milwaukee 2.8
38 Sacramento 2.8
39 Seattle 2.8
40 Birmingham 2.8
41 Richmond 2.7
42 Pittsburgh 2.7
43 Portland 2.6
44 Detroit 2.5
45 San Francisco 2.5
46 Buffalo 2.2
47 Providence 1.8
48 Boston 1.5
49 San Jose 1.2
Infant Mortality Rate
Deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Memphis 8.4
2 Miwaukee 8.1
3 Jacksonville 7.9
4 Birmingham 7.6
5 Cincinnati 7.6
6 Cleveland 7.3
7 Detroit 7.3
8 Buffalo 7.1
9 St. Louis 6.9
10 Atlanta 6.8
11 Indianapolis 6.8
12 Columbus 6.8
13 San Antonio 6.7
14 Oklahoma City 6.5
15 New Orleans 6.5
16 Virginia Beach 6.4
17 Salt Lake City 6.4
18 Baltimore 6.3
19 Nashville 6.2
20 Richmond 6.2
21 Chicago 6.1
22 Charlotte 6.0
23 Philadelphia 6.0
24 Las Vegas 5.9
25 Kansas City 5.9
United States 5.7
26 Orlando 5.6
27 Tampa 5.6
28 Dallas 5.6
29 Houston 5.5
30 Raleigh 5.4
31 Phoenix 5.4
32 Pittsburgh 5.2
33 Louisville 5.0
34 Riverside 4.9
35 Minneapolis 4.8
36 Providence 4.8
37 Seattle 4.7
38 Miami 4.7
39 Denver 4.6
40 Hartford 4.6
41 San Diego 4.5
42 Sacramento 4.1
43 Los Angeles 3.8
44 Portland 3.8
45 Austin 3.7
46 New York 3.6
47 Boston 3.6
48 San Francisco 3.4
49 San Jose 3.2
Racial Disparity in Infant Mortality
Ratio of black to white infant deaths* per 1,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Differs from the infant mortality rate, which is stated as per 1,000 live births.
1 Miami 5.62
2 Jacksonville 4.05
3 Cleveland 3.87
4 Raleigh 3.87
5 Minneapolis 3.86
6 Milwaukee 3.83
7 Orlando 3.75
8 Pittsburgh 3.69
9 Detroit 3.48
10 Boston 3.44
11 Philadelphia 3.23
12 Columbus 3.20
13 Cincinnati 3.18
14 Tampa 3.10
15 Chicago 3.08
16 Seattle 2.88
17 San Antonio 2.88
18 Nashville 2.88
19 Sacramento 2.73
20 Baltimore 2.72
21 Dallas 2.57
22 Memphis 2.48
23 Atlanta 2.48
24 Buffalo 2.43
25 Virginia Beach 2.40
26 Oklahoma City 2.40
27 Kansas City 2.35
28 Riverside 2.33
29 Houston 2.32
30 San Francisco 2.32
United States 2.32
31 New York 2.23
32 Indianapolis 2.23
33 Louisville 2.18
34 St. Louis 2.18
35 San Diego 2.08
36 Los Angeles 2.06
37 Phoenix 2.05
38 Charlotte 1.94
39 Las Vegas 1.76
40 Birmingham 1.75
41 New Orleans 1.30
42 Richmond 1.19
Youth Mortality
Deaths of youth aged 1-19 per 100,000 youth, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Memphis 46.2
2 New Orleans 39.0
3 Birmingham 35.0
4 Louisville 33.7
5 Jacksonville 31.4
6 Indianapolis 30.7
7 St. Louis 30.3
8 Cleveland 30.2
9 Detroit 28.8
10 Kansas City 28.7
11 Nashville 28.5
12 Virginia Beach 28.3
13 Richmond 27.6
14 Oklahoma City 27.5
15 San Antonio 27.4
16 Phoenix 27.4
17 Atlanta 27.4
18 Baltimore 26.6
19 Las Vegas 25.9
20 Salt Lake City 25.5
21 Houston 25.2
United States 25.2
22 Raleigh 24.9
23 Columbus 24.8
24 Pittsburgh 24.3
25 Cincinnati 24.2
26 Denver 24.1
27 Chicago 24.1
28 Tampa 23.9
29 Orlando 23.9
30 Milwaukee 23.9
31 Philadelphia 23.5
32 Dallas 22.4
33 Seattle 22.3
34 Buffalo 21.2
35 Charlotte 21.2
36 Portland 20.8
37 Riverside 20.4
38 Miami 20.1
39 Sacramento 20.0
40 Minneapolis 19.8
41 Austin 17.8
42 Los Angeles 17.3
43 Hartford 17.2
44 San Francisco 17.2
45 Providence 16.7
46 New York 16.1
47 San Diego 14.4
48 Boston 13.4
49 San Jose 13.2

This section provides tables on the percentage of the population that has ever been diagnosed with major chronic conditions. The region has one of the highest rates among the peers for cancer and is about average for rates of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and mental distress.

Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Memphis 8.7
2 Louisville 8.3
3 Buffalo 7.5
4 Cleveland 7.3
5 Riverside 7.3
6 Detroit 7.2
7 Birmingham 7.0
8 Oklahoma City 6.6
9 Cincinnati 6.6
10 New Orleans 6.4
11 Hartford 6.4
12 St. Louis 6.4
13 Sacramento 6.4
United States 6.1
14 Richmond 6.1
15 Indianapolis 6.1
16 Phoenix 6.1
17 Columbus 6.0
18 Charlotte 6.0
19 Pittsburgh 5.9
20 Philadelphia 5.9
21 Virginia Beach 5.9
22 Providence 5.8
23 Milwaukee 5.8
24 San Antonio 5.8
25 Kansas City 5.8
26 Nashville 5.5
27 Baltimore 5.5
28 Boston 5.5
29 Atlanta 5.2
30 New York 5.2
31 Portland 5.1
32 Chicago 5.1
33 Dallas 5.1
34 Minneapolis 5.0
35 Austin 4.5
36 San Francisco 4.3
37 Raleigh 4.2
38 Salt Lake City 4.1
39 Los Angeles 3.7
40 Seattle 3.7
41 Denver 3.6
42 Houston 3.2
Prevalence of Cancer
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Birmingham 15.2
2 Phoenix 14.1
3 Pittsburgh 13.6
4 Portland 13.3
5 Kansas City 13.2
6 St. Louis 13.1
7 Providence 13.0
8 Cincinnati 12.8
9 Richmond 12.7
10 Boston 12.7
11 Indianapolis 12.7
12 Detroit 12.6
13 Buffalo 12.6
14 Columbus 12.4
15 Philadelphia 12.4
16 Salt Lake City 12.2
17 New Orleans 11.9
18 Riverside 11.8
19 Cleveland 11.8
United States 11.7
20 Minneapolis 11.6
21 Denver 11.6
22 Hartford 11.5
23 Virginia Beach 11.4
24 Baltimore 11.4
25 Seattle 11.4
26 Oklahoma City 11.1
27 Nashville 11.0
28 Chicago 10.7
29 Louisville 10.7
30 Sacramento 10.7
31 Raleigh 10.6
32 Memphis 10.5
33 Milwaukee 10.5
34 Dallas 10.3
35 Charlotte 10.3
36 Austin 10.2
37 San Antonio 10.1
38 Atlanta 9.6
39 Houston 9.6
40 San Francisco 8.9
41 New York 8.6
42 Los Angeles 7.4
Prevalence of Stroke
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Milwaukee 4.9
2 Memphis 4.6
3 Birmingham 4.5
4 Raleigh 4.4
5 Nashville 4.4
6 Virginia Beach 4.3
7 Richmond 4.2
8 Cincinnati 4.1
9 New Orleans 4.0
10 Charlotte 3.8
11 Louisville 3.8
12 San Antonio 3.8
13 Columbus 3.7
14 St. Louis 3.6
15 Cleveland 3.5
16 Chicago 3.5
17 Oklahoma City 3.5
18 Philadelphia 3.3
United States 3.3
19 Baltimore 3.2
20 Atlanta 3.2
21 Kansas City 3.2
22 Pittsburgh 3.0
23 Dallas 3.0
24 Riverside 2.9
25 Hartford 2.8
26 Boston 2.8
27 Houston 2.8
28 Phoenix 2.7
29 Detroit 2.7
30 Indianapolis 2.6
31 Buffalo 2.6
32 Providence 2.6
33 Sacramento 2.6
34 Seattle 2.5
35 New York 2.4
36 Portland 2.3
37 Minneapolis 2.2
38 Los Angeles 2.1
39 Salt Lake City 2.1
40 San Francisco 1.9
41 Denver 1.7
42 Austin 1.4
Prevalence of Diabetes
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Memphis 15.4
2 Riverside 13.9
3 Louisville 13.9
4 Birmingham 13.5
5 New Orleans 13.0
6 Charlotte 12.8
7 Richmond 12.7
8 Cincinnati 12.5
9 Hartford 12.4
10 Columbus 12.4
11 Los Angeles 12.2
12 St. Louis 12.2
13 Virginia Beach 11.6
14 Indianapolis 11.6
15 Buffalo 11.5
16 Oklahoma City 11.4
17 Baltimore 11.4
United States 11.4
18 San Antonio 11.2
19 New York 11.1
20 Raleigh 11.1
21 San Francisco 10.8
22 Philadelphia 10.7
23 Cleveland 10.7
24 Phoenix 10.6
25 Kansas City 10.5
26 Houston 10.5
27 Atlanta 10.4
28 Providence 10.3
29 Dallas 10.3
30 Pittsburgh 9.7
31 Sacramento 9.6
32 Milwaukee 9.6
33 Nashville 9.5
34 Chicago 9.4
35 Austin 8.6
36 Salt Lake City 8.6
37 Minneapolis 8.5
38 Portland 8.4
39 Detroit 8.3
40 Boston 8.3
41 Seattle 6.9
42 Denver 6.8
Frequent Mental Distress
Adults reporting frequent mental distress in the past 30 days as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Richmond 19.7
2 Salt Lake City 19.0
3 Nashville 18.4
4 Birmingham 18.2
5 Memphis 16.8
6 New Orleans 16.8
7 Columbus 16.8
8 Oklahoma City 16.5
9 Portland 16.4
10 Milwaukee 16.1
11 Louisville 16.1
12 San Antonio 15.9
13 Philadelphia 15.7
14 Phoenix 15.6
15 Kansas City 15.4
16 Sacramento 15.3
17 Cleveland 15.3
18 San Francisco 15.3
19 St. Louis 15.1
20 Hartford 14.9
21 Cincinnati 14.8
22 Indianapolis 14.7
United States 14.7
23 Seattle 14.5
24 Riverside 14.2
25 Buffalo 14.1
26 Detroit 14.1
27 Austin 14.0
28 Baltimore 13.8
29 Providence 13.6
30 Los Angeles 13.5
31 Atlanta 13.5
32 Dallas 13.5
33 Denver 13.1
34 Pittsburgh 12.8
35 Virginia Beach 12.8
36 Minneapolis 12.4
37 New York 12.4
38 Charlotte 12.1
39 Boston 11.9
40 Houston 11.9
41 Chicago 11.7
42 Raleigh 10.6
Prevalence of Asthma
Adults who currently have asthma as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1 Providence 12.9
2 Buffalo 12.1
3 Milwaukee 11.7
4 Detroit 11.3
5 Sacramento 11.2
6 Oklahoma City 11.0
7 Hartford 11.0
8 Louisville 10.9
9 Portland 10.7
10 Philadelphia 10.5
11 Virginia Beach 10.5
12 Boston 10.5
13 Nashville 10.5
14 Cleveland 10.2
15 Pittsburgh 10.2
16 Columbus 10.0
17 Kansas City 10.0
18 Richmond 10.0
19 Birmingham 9.9
20 Denver 9.9
21 Cincinnati 9.8
22 Indianapolis 9.8
23 Baltimore 9.7
United States 9.7
24 Seattle 9.6
25 New Orleans 9.3
26 Phoenix 9.1
27 Atlanta 9.0
28 St. Louis 9.0
29 Salt Lake City 8.9
30 New York 8.7
31 Dallas 8.6
32 Minneapolis 8.5
33 San Antonio 8.3
34 Los Angeles 8.2
35 Chicago 8.1
36 Riverside 8.1
37 San Francisco 8.0
38 Raleigh 8.0
39 Memphis 8.0
40 Houston 7.6
41 Charlotte 7.5
42 Austin 7.5

The 10 leading causes of U.S. deaths are heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, kidney disease, and suicide. Compared to the peer regions, St. Louis has high death rates due to heart disease, cancer, suicide, heat and cold, and those related to drugs and alcohol. The region is below the national average for the HIV Mortality rate.

Heart Disease Mortality
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Pittsburgh 298.7
2 Cleveland 274.7
3 Buffalo 272.4
4 Detroit 269.0
5 Birmingham 251.4
6 St. Louis 239.2
7 Tampa 231.9
8 Providence 218.3
9 Philadelphia 217.9
10 New York 215.8
11 Louisville 210.4
12 Memphis 209.8
13 Baltimore 209.7
14 Milwaukee 208.3
15 Hartford 207.7
16 New Orleans 206.7
17 Las Vegas 205.4
18 Oklahoma City 205.2
19 Miami 202.9
United States 200.3
20 Cincinnati 194.8
21 Chicago 181.6
22 Indianapolis 180.9
23 Richmond 180.8
24 Virginia Beach 179.5
25 Columbus 178.0
26 Nashville 177.5
27 Riverside 177.3
28 Kansas City 176.3
29 Jacksonville 173.1
30 San Antonio 172.5
31 Sacramento 165.4
32 Los Angeles 163.0
33 Orlando 162.5
34 Boston 158.9
35 Phoenix 150.0
36 Charlotte 146.2
37 San Diego 140.5
38 Portland 138.5
39 Dallas 138.3
40 Atlanta 136.2
41 Houston 135.3
42 Seattle 133.3
43 San Francisco 132.1
44 Denver 120.2
45 Salt Lake City 118.4
46 Minneapolis 117.6
47 Raleigh 116.7
48 San Jose 107.4
49 Austin 102.9
Cancer Mortality
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Pittsburgh 247.6
2 Cleveland 229.0
3 Buffalo 227.2
4 Tampa 223.0
5 St. Louis 210.9
6 Louisville 205.3
7 Providence 204.4
8 Detroit 203.1
9 Birmingham 202.6
10 Jacksonville 201.2
11 Baltimore 193.8
12 Philadelphia 193.6
13 Cincinnati 192.1
14 New Orleans 189.9
15 Richmond 188.0
16 Milwaukee 187.9
17 Virginia Beach 186.6
18 Memphis 185.2
19 Oklahoma City 184.9
United States 183.2
20 Hartford 182.4
21 Miami 179.8
22 Kansas City 173.7
23 Indianapolis 170.6
24 Boston 170.5
25 Chicago 170.2
26 Nashville 167.8
27 Orlando 167.6
28 Sacramento 165.5
29 Las Vegas 164.1
30 Columbus 162.1
31 New York 162.0
32 Portland 160.8
33 Charlotte 155.3
34 Minneapolis 154.2
35 San Francisco 150.4
36 San Diego 149.9
37 Phoenix 149.0
38 Riverside 148.7
39 San Antonio 148.3
40 Los Angeles 146.2
41 Seattle 145.7
42 Atlanta 140.7
43 Raleigh 137.3
44 Dallas 130.0
45 Houston 127.2
46 Denver 126.1
47 San Jose 123.4
48 Austin 111.6
49 Salt Lake City 106.1
Suicide Rate
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Salt Lake City 21.4
2 Las Vegas 20.8
3 Kansas City 20.2
4 Denver 20.1
5 Tampa 18.8
6 Jacksonville 18.5
7 Oklahoma City 18.3
8 Louisville 17.6
9 Phoenix 17.0
10 Indianapolis 16.9
11 Portland 16.6
12 Pittsburgh 16.6
13 St. Louis 16.4
14 Nashville 15.8
15 New Orleans 15.5
16 Cleveland 15.5
17 Seattle 15.2
United States 14.8
18 Birmingham 14.8
19 Virginia Beach 14.6
20 Cincinnati 14.4
21 Detroit 14.0
22 Austin 13.8
23 San Antonio 13.6
24 Atlanta 13.6
25 San Diego 13.4
26 Columbus 13.3
27 Dallas 13.1
28 Milwaukee 13.1
29 Charlotte 13.0
30 Richmond 12.9
31 Orlando 12.9
32 Hartford 12.9
33 Miami 12.8
34 Sacramento 12.6
35 Minneapolis 12.2
36 Riverside 11.8
37 Memphis 11.8
38 Philadelphia 11.6
39 Houston 11.5
40 Baltimore 11.5
41 Providence 11.4
42 Buffalo 11.1
43 Raleigh 10.7
44 Boston 10.6
45 San Francisco 10.1
46 Los Angeles 9.9
47 Chicago 9.9
48 San Jose 8.2
49 New York 7.6
Heat- and Cold-Related Deaths
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2017-2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Las Vegas 5.99
2 Phoenix 4.42
3 Baltimore 1.62
4 Portland 1.54
5 Milwaukee 1.22
6 Indianapolis 1.20
7 Seattle 1.17
8 Cincinnati 1.12
9 Oklahoma City 1.09
10 Riverside 1.05
11 Chicago 1.03
United States 0.97
12 Denver 0.96
13 St. Louis 0.93
14 Providence 0.91
15 Cleveland 0.90
16 Nashville 0.88
17 Memphis 0.83
18 Philadelphia 0.83
19 Detroit 0.83
20 Birmingham 0.79
21 Buffalo 0.79
22 Pittsburgh 0.77
23 Louisville 0.77
24 Minneapolis 0.76
25 New Orleans 0.72
26 Washington 0.71
27 Houston 0.68
28 Sacramento 0.67
29 Kansas City 0.66
30 Virginia Beach 0.66
31 Richmond 0.64
32 Columbus 0.63
33 Dallas 0.61
34 San Jose 0.61
35 Salt Lake City 0.60
36 Austin 0.56
37 Atlanta 0.55
38 Boston 0.50
39 San Antonio 0.49
40 San Diego 0.47
41 New York 0.45
42 Raleigh 0.43
43 San Francisco 0.43
44 Charlotte 0.39
45 Hartford 0.36
46 Jacksonville 0.35
47 Los Angeles 0.30
48 Orlando 0.24
49 Tampa 0.22
50 Miami 0.18
Drug- and Alcohol- Related Deaths
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Baltimore 66.7
2 Cincinnati 55.4
3 Providence 50.3
4 St. Louis 48.7
5 Louisville 47.6
6 Cleveland 46.8
7 Pittsburgh 45.6
8 New Orleans 45.4
9 Detroit 45.0
10 Hartford 44.8
11 Milwaukee 43.1
12 Jacksonville 42.5
13 Birmingham 42.4
14 Columbus 42.4
15 Tampa 41.9
16 Nashville 41.2
17 Indianapolis 40.4
18 Boston 38.7
19 Las Vegas 38.6
20 Phoenix 38.3
21 Salt Lake City 37.7
22 Buffalo 36.4
23 Denver 35.9
24 Portland 34.3
25 Richmond 33.9
United States 33.2
26 Seattle 32.8
27 Riverside 31.4
28 Sacramento 31.4
29 Oklahoma City 31.2
30 Charlotte 30.1
31 Chicago 30.1
32 New York 29.1
33 Orlando 28.3
34 San Diego 28.3
35 Virginia Beach 28.1
36 Miami 26.9
37 Memphis 26.4
38 Minneapolis 26.0
39 Kansas City 25.5
40 San Francisco 25.4
41 Los Angeles 23.3
42 Atlanta 21.9
43 San Antonio 21.0
44 Raleigh 19.7
45 Austin 19.4
46 Houston 18.5
47 San Jose 18.3
48 Dallas 18.0
Opioid-Drug Related Deaths
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Baltimore 53.1
2 Cincinnati 37.7
3 St. Louis 34.5
4 Providence 29.7
5 Hartford 29.6
6 Cleveland 28.7
7 Louisville 26.3
8 Columbus 26.3
9 Detroit 25.6
10 Boston 25.5
11 Pittsburgh 23.7
12 Milwaukee 23.6
13 Richmond 22.8
14 Nashville 22.5
15 Jacksonville 21.8
16 Indianapolis 20.4
17 New Orleans 19.7
18 Buffalo 18.5
19 New York 17.5
20 Chicago 17.1
21 Birmingham 17.0
22 Charlotte 16.8
23 Phoenix 16.7
24 Salt Lake City 15.5
25 Orlando 15.1
26 Virginia Beach 14.9
27 Tampa 14.5
United States 14.3
28 Memphis 13.3
29 Seattle 12.0
30 Miami 11.9
31 Las Vegas 11.9
32 Raleigh 10.4
33 Denver 10.4
34 Atlanta 9.2
35 Portland 8.9
36 San Diego 8.3
37 Minneapolis 7.1
38 San Francisco 7.1
39 Oklahoma City 7.1
40 Kansas City 6.9
41 Houston 6.0
42 Austin 6.0
43 Los Angeles 5.8
44 Riverside 5.5
45 Dallas 4.7
46 San Antonio 4.6
47 Sacramento 3.9
48 San Jose 3.1
Change in Opioid-Drug Related Deaths
Change in deaths per 100,000 population, 1999-2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Baltimore 36.4
2 Cincinnati 35.9
3 St. Louis 31.7
4 Cleveland 26.6
5 Providence 25.2
6 Hartford 25.0
7 Detroit 24.1
8 Nashville 21.0
9 Milwaukee 20.9
10 Boston 20.7
11 Pittsburgh 19.1
12 Richmond 17.5
13 Charlotte 14.4
14 Phoenix 13.4
15 New York 13.0
16 Orlando 12.2
17 Chicago 12.1
18 Virginia Beach 11.4
United States 11.4
19 Memphis 11.1
20 Tampa 10.7
21 Miami 9.6
22 Atlanta 7.8
23 Minneapolis 5.6
24 Denver 5.5
25 Salt Lake City 5.4
26 Seattle 4.8
27 Houston 4.7
28 Portland 4.7
29 Oklahoma City 4.0
30 Riverside 3.1
31 San Francisco 2.8
32 San Diego 2.5
33 Las Vegas 2.4
34 Dallas 2.3
35 San Antonio 2.1
36 Los Angeles 1.3
37 San Jose 1.1
38 Sacramento 0.8
HIV Mortality
Deaths per 100,000 population, 2018
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1 Miami 4.4
2 Baltimore 4.1
3 New Orleans 3.6
4 Jacksonville 3.5
5 Memphis 3.5
6 Tampa 2.9
7 Louisville 2.7
8 New York 2.6
9 Houston 2.6
10 Las Vegas 2.4
11 Virginia Beach 2.4
12 Orlando 2.4
13 Atlanta 2.4
14 Birmingham 2.3
15 Richmond 2.1
16 Charlotte 2.1
17 San Antonio 2.1
18 Oklahoma City 2.1
19 Dallas 2.1
20 Hartford 1.9
21 San Francisco 1.8
United States 1.7
22 Riverside 1.6
23 Philadelphia 1.6
24 Los Angeles 1.6
25 St. Louis 1.5
26 Nashville 1.5
27 Chicago 1.5
28 Cincinnati 1.4
29 Indianapolis 1.3
30 Sacramento 1.3
31 San Diego 1.3
32 Kansas City 1.2
33 Detroit 1.2
34 Phoenix 1.2
35 Denver 1.2
36 Seattle 1.2
37 Columbus 1.2
38 Austin 1.1
39 Boston 1.0
40 Cleveland 1.0
41 Portland 0.8
42 Minneapolis 0.7

Government

The number of local governments in the St. Louis region is relatively high compared to the peer regions and the amount of government spending is relatively low. Whether these are good or bad thing is a long-debated topic in the region. See page 112 of Where We Stand – 7th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

The total units of local government takes into account special purpose districts, including fire protection, transportation development, library services, water supply, and parks. These special purpose governments make up about half of the total units in the region. The region has a relatively high number of school districts with relatively low number of students per district.

Units of Local Government
General and special-purpose units of government, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1 New York 1,697
2 Chicago 1,655
3 Houston 1,055
4 Denver 1,043
5 St. Louis 1,034
6 Pittsburgh 882
7 Philadelphia 832
8 Minneapolis 669
9 Kansas City 660
10 Dallas 561
11 Boston 473
12 Los Angeles 466
13 Cincinnati 448
14 Columbus 433
15 San Francisco 382
16 Indianapolis 381
Peer Average 380
17 Detroit 379
18 Atlanta 360
19 Sacramento 352
20 Seattle 341
21 Louisville 313
22 Cleveland 311
23 Riverside 303
24 Portland 293
25 Miami 288
26 Austin 264
27 Phoenix 234
28 Milwaukee 209
29 Oklahoma City 206
30 Tampa 204
31 Hartford 199
32 Providence 197
33 Birmingham 186
34 San Antonio 171
35 San Diego 163
36 Washington, D.C. 154
37 Buffalo 142
38 Nashville 139
39 Memphis 131
40 Orlando 129
41 Charlotte 124
42 San Jose 113
43 Jacksonville 103
44 Salt Lake City 91
45 Raleigh 47
46 New Orleans 47
47 Richmond 45
48 Virginia Beach 41
49 Baltimore 40
50 Las Vegas 20
Local Governments
Per 100,000 population, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1 Denver 39.4
2 Pittsburgh 37.4
3 St. Louis 37.0
4 Kansas City 32.4
United States 28.7
5 Louisville 25.0
6 Columbus 22.3
7 Cincinnati 21.0
8 Indianapolis 19.8
9 Minneapolis 19.5
10 Chicago 17.4
11 Houston 17.1
12 Birmingham 16.4
13 Hartford 16.4
14 Sacramento 16.0
15 Oklahoma City 15.9
16 Cleveland 15.1
17 Austin 14.4
18 Philadelphia 13.8
19 Milwaukee 13.3
20 Portland 12.8
21 Buffalo 12.5
22 Providence 12.3
23 Boston 10.2
24 Memphis 9.8
25 Seattle 9.6
26 Detroit 8.8
27 San Francisco 8.6
28 New York 8.5
29 Dallas 8.4
30 Salt Lake City 8.1
31 Nashville 8.0
32 San Antonio 7.6
33 Jacksonville 7.5
34 Tampa 7.2
35 Riverside 7.0
36 Atlanta 6.6
37 San Jose 6.0
38 Orlando 5.8
39 Phoenix 5.4
40 Charlotte 5.4
41 San Diego 5.1
42 Miami 5.0
43 Raleigh 4.0
44 New Orleans 3.8
45 Richmond 3.6
46 Los Angeles 3.6
47 Washington, D.C. 2.6
48 Virginia Beach 2.4
49 Baltimore 1.5
50 Las Vegas 1.0
Municipalities
Per 100,000 population, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1 Louisville 10.9
2 Pittsburgh 10.8
3 St. Louis 9.8
4 Kansas City 8.1
5 Birmingham 7.8
6 Cincinnati 6.5
7 Minneapolis 6.4
United States 6.2
8 Oklahoma City 5.9
9 Columbus 5.1
10 Cleveland 5.0
11 Indianapolis 4.6
12 Milwaukee 3.9
13 Memphis 3.8
14 Chicago 3.7
15 Nashville 3.2
16 Charlotte 3.1
17 Dallas 3.1
18 Philadelphia 2.7
19 Atlanta 2.6
20 Austin 2.6
21 Portland 2.6
22 Detroit 2.5
23 Raleigh 2.4
24 Buffalo 2.3
25 San Antonio 2.3
26 Seattle 2.2
27 New York 2.1
28 Salt Lake City 2.0
29 Houston 2.0
30 Miami 1.8
31 Denver 1.7
32 Washington, D.C. 1.6
33 Orlando 1.6
34 San Francisco 1.5
35 New Orleans 1.4
36 Jacksonville 1.2
37 Tampa 1.2
38 Riverside 1.2
39 Richmond 1.0
40 Los Angeles 0.9
41 San Jose 0.9
42 Sacramento 0.9
43 Phoenix 0.8
44 Boston 0.8
45 Providence 0.7
46 Baltimore 0.7
47 Virginia Beach 0.7
48 San Diego 0.6
49 Hartford 0.4
50 Las Vegas 0.3
School Districts
2015-2016
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1 New York 915
2 Chicago 440
3 Phoenix 397
4 Philadelphia 363
5 Boston 290
6 Detroit 284
7 Minneapolis 246
8 Cleveland 176
9 Dallas 176
10 St. Louis 166
11 Columbus 165
12 Pittsburgh 154
13 Los Angeles 149
14 Cincinnati 127
15 Indianapolis 127
Peer Average 120
16 Houston 113
17 San Francisco 108
18 Kansas City 107
19 Washington, D.C. 101
20 New Orleans 99
21 Providence 92
22 Oklahoma City 92
23 Milwaukee 76
24 Hartford 70
25 San Antonio 68
26 Seattle 66
27 Riverside 65
28 Sacramento 60
29 Atlanta 59
30 Buffalo 58
31 Portland 56
32 Charlotte 55
33 Austin 54
34 Salt Lake City 51
35 San Jose 50
36 Denver 47
37 San Diego 46
38 Birmingham 36
39 Richmond 34
40 Raleigh 32
41 Virginia Beach 30
42 Louisville 27
43 Memphis 20
44 Nashville 19
45 Baltimore 9
46 Miami 7
47 Jacksonville 6
48 Orlando 5
49 Tampa 4
50 Las Vegas 1
Average District Enrollment
Students per school district, 2015-2016
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1 Las Vegas 347,382
2 Miami 116,826
3 Tampa 101,887
4 Orlando 75,235
5 Baltimore 44,580
6 Jacksonville 36,679
7 Atlanta 17,065
8 Nashville 14,750
9 Los Angeles 13,458
10 Riverside 12,838
11 Houston 11,589
12 Memphis 11,196
13 San Diego 10,866
14 Denver 9,973
15 Washington, D.C. 9,378
16 Virginia Beach 8,842
17 Seattle 8,016
18 Dallas 7,789
19 Charlotte 7,355
20 Louisville 6,815
21 Raleigh 6,649
22 San Antonio 6,559
23 Austin 6,317
24 Portland 6,139
25 Sacramento 6,122
26 Richmond 5,776
27 San Jose 5,693
28 San Francisco 5,447
29 Birmingham 4,934
Peer Average 4,588
30 Salt Lake City 4,538
31 Chicago 3,485
32 Kansas City 3,249
33 New York 3,105
34 Milwaukee 3,058
35 Indianapolis 2,698
36 Buffalo 2,677
37 Hartford 2,602
38 Oklahoma City 2,590
39 Cincinnati 2,494
40 St. Louis 2,469
41 Providence 2,408
42 Philadelphia 2,356
43 Minneapolis 2,319
44 Detroit 2,304
45 Boston 2,274
46 Columbus 2,009
47 Phoenix 1,968
48 Pittsburgh 1,958
49 New Orleans 1,704
50 Cleveland 1,610

“Local government general revenue from own sources” includes all revenue collected by all types of local government through taxes and other fees. In St. Louis, local government revenue accounts for below average amount of economic activity in the region compared to the peer regions. Local governments in all peer regions are more reliant on property taxes than sales taxes regarding tax revenue with St. Louis being more reliant than many on sales taxes. The region has relatively low spending when it comes to local government.

Local Government General Revenue from Own Sources
As a percent of gross metropolitan product, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments; Bureau of Economic Analysis
1 Miami 8.6
2 Riverside 8.5
3 New York 7.7
4 Buffalo 7.4
5 Charlotte 6.8
6 San Antonio 6.2
7 Cleveland 6.1
8 Sacramento 6.0
9 Chicago 5.9
10 Kansas City 5.8
11 Austin 5.7
12 San Francisco 5.7
13 Orlando 5.7
14 Columbus 5.7
15 Denver 5.6
16 Providence 5.6
17 Jacksonville 5.6
18 Las Vegas 5.5
Peer Average 5.5
19 New Orleans 5.5
20 Washington, D.C. 5.5
21 Tampa 5.4
22 Los Angeles 5.3
23 Virginia Beach 5.2
24 Philadelphia 5.1
25 Memphis 5.1
26 San Diego 5.1
27 Milwaukee 5.0
28 Dallas 4.9
29 Cincinnati 4.9
30 St. Louis 4.9
31 Pittsburgh 4.9
32 Phoenix 4.9
33 San Jose 4.8
34 Atlanta 4.8
35 Seattle 4.7
36 Baltimore 4.6
37 Detroit 4.5
38 Indianapolis 4.3
39 Louisville 4.3
40 Oklahoma City 4.2
41 Hartford 4.2
42 Nashville 4.2
43 Birmingham 4.2
44 Minneapolis 4.1
45 Portland 4.0
46 Richmond 3.9
47 Raleigh 3.9
48 Boston 3.9
49 Houston 3.8
50 Salt Lake City 3.5
Local Government General Revenue from Own Sources
Per capita, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1 New York 5,559
2 San Francisco 4,846
3 San Jose 4,716
4 Washington, D.C. 4,284
5 Miami 4,038
6 Charlotte 3,903
7 New Orleans 3,672
8 Seattle 3,598
9 Denver 3,597
10 Cleveland 3,556
11 Chicago 3,551
12 Buffalo 3,295
13 Los Angeles 3,262
14 Kansas City 3,262
15 Philadelphia 3,210
16 Dallas 3,190
17 Columbus 3,167
18 Austin 3,124
19 San Diego 3,059
20 Houston 2,992
21 Boston 2,987
22 Milwaukee 2,940
23 Hartford 2,924
United States 2,922
24 Sacramento 2,830
25 Portland 2,737
26 Baltimore 2,729
27 Orlando 2,722
28 Indianapolis 2,707
29 Cincinnati 2,670
30 Virginia Beach 2,656
31 Minneapolis 2,635
32 Pittsburgh 2,619
33 Atlanta 2,601
34 San Antonio 2,549
35 Memphis 2,536
36 St. Louis 2,528
37 Providence 2,495
38 Las Vegas 2,467
39 Jacksonville 2,440
40 Riverside 2,379
41 Nashville 2,363
42 Detroit 2,297
43 Phoenix 2,287
44 Salt Lake City 2,264
45 Tampa 2,238
46 Oklahoma City 2,211
47 Louisville 2,198
48 Birmingham 2,189
49 Richmond 2,103
50 Raleigh 2,062
Reliance on Property Tax
Property tax revenue as a percent of total tax revenue, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1 Hartford 98.9
2 Providence 97.3
3 Boston 96.2
4 Milwaukee 93.7
5 Minneapolis 93.1
6 Detroit 89.2
7 Chicago 83.7
8 Austin 83.7
9 Houston 83.3
10 San Antonio 81.3
11 Dallas 80.6
12 Miami 78.9
13 Portland 77.5
14 San Diego 77.1
15 Riverside 77.1
16 Tampa 76.7
17 Charlotte 76.7
18 Raleigh 75.6
19 San Jose 75.1
20 Sacramento 74.1
21 Richmond 74.1
United States 73.5
22 Indianapolis 73.1
23 Jacksonville 72.8
24 Pittsburgh 72.1
25 Salt Lake City 71.9
26 Orlando 71.5
27 Philadelphia 71.4
28 Memphis 69.8
29 Virginia Beach 68.7
30 San Francisco 68.5
31 Atlanta 68.2
32 Los Angeles 68.1
33 St. Louis 67.9
34 Cincinnati 67.0
35 Buffalo 66.2
36 New York 66.0
37 Phoenix 64.1
38 Nashville 64.0
39 Las Vegas 63.6
40 Columbus 62.8
41 Cleveland 62.4
42 Louisville 62.2
43 Denver 60.7
44 Kansas City 59.8
45 Seattle 59.0
46 Baltimore 57.0
47 Washington, D.C. 56.3
48 Oklahoma City 50.0
49 New Orleans 49.5
50 Birmingham 44.5
Reliance on Sales Tax
Sales tax revenue as a percent of total tax revenue, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1 Oklahoma City 48.0
2 New Orleans 47.5
3 Birmingham 38.0
4 Seattle 36.2
5 Denver 34.4
6 Buffalo 32.0
7 Phoenix 31.9
8 Kansas City 30.4
9 Atlanta 29.0
10 Nashville 29.0
11 Las Vegas 27.8
12 Memphis 26.2
13 Los Angeles 26.2
14 Salt Lake City 24.3
15 Orlando 24.3
16 Virginia Beach 23.1
17 Jacksonville 23.0
18 St. Louis 22.4
19 Raleigh 20.8
20 Sacramento 20.3
21 Charlotte 20.0
22 San Diego 19.4
23 Tampa 19.2
24 San Francisco 18.9
25 Riverside 18.8
26 San Jose 18.3
27 Richmond 17.3
28 Dallas 17.0
29 San Antonio 16.8
United States 16.6
30 Houston 15.3
31 Washington, D.C. 15.2
32 Miami 14.9
33 Austin 14.7
34 Chicago 13.7
35 New York 13.5
36 Cleveland 11.3
37 Columbus 8.8
38 Cincinnati 8.5
39 Pittsburgh 7.4
40 Portland 7.4
41 Louisville 6.3
42 Philadelphia 6.2
43 Milwaukee 4.5
44 Minneapolis 4.1
45 Detroit 4.1
46 Baltimore 4.0
47 Indianapolis 3.7
48 Boston 2.0
49 Providence 1.3
50 Hartford 0.0
Local Government Expenditures
Dollars per capita, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1 San Francisco 8,839
2 New York 8,817
3 San Jose 7,259
4 Los Angeles 7,186
5 Washington, D.C. 6,946
6 Sacramento 6,835
7 San Diego 6,131
8 Seattle 6,108
9 Chicago 6,075
10 New Orleans 5,944
11 Buffalo 5,909
12 Miami 5,896
13 Austin 5,889
14 Cleveland 5,848
15 Riverside 5,816
16 Memphis 5,650
17 Charlotte 5,486
18 Philadelphia 5,370
19 Jacksonville 5,347
20 San Antonio 5,270
United States 5,249
21 Denver 5,240
22 Milwaukee 5,202
23 Indianapolis 5,170
24 Portland 5,110
25 Columbus 5,078
26 Minneapolis 5,005
27 Las Vegas 4,987
28 Baltimore 4,957
29 Pittsburgh 4,911
30 Dallas 4,894
31 Detroit 4,889
32 Virginia Beach 4,885
33 Kansas City 4,872
34 Orlando 4,790
35 Salt Lake City 4,729
36 Nashville 4,727
37 Hartford 4,715
38 Raleigh 4,654
39 Boston 4,638
40 Houston 4,582
41 Cincinnati 4,539
42 Atlanta 4,538
43 Phoenix 4,494
44 St. Louis 4,313
45 Providence 4,094
46 Tampa 4,040
47 Birmingham 3,937
48 Richmond 3,896
49 Louisville 3,706
50 Oklahoma City 3,249
Local Government Debt
Ratio of debt to local revenue, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1 Las Vegas 4.1
2 Jacksonville 3.9
3 Raleigh 3.8
4 Austin 3.6
5 Houston 3.5
6 San Antonio 3.5
7 Birmingham 3.4
8 Dallas 3.2
9 Sacramento 3.1
10 Pittsburgh 3.0
11 Detroit 2.7
12 Indianapolis 2.7
13 Phoenix 2.7
14 Salt Lake City 2.6
15 Minneapolis 2.5
16 San Diego 2.5
17 Denver 2.4
18 Los Angeles 2.3
19 Louisville 2.3
20 San Francisco 2.3
21 Riverside 2.3
22 Orlando 2.3
23 Kansas City 2.3
24 Portland 2.3
25 Atlanta 2.3
26 Seattle 2.2
27 Chicago 2.2
28 Cincinnati 2.2
29 Philadelphia 2.1
30 Nashville 2.1
United States 2.0
31 New Orleans 1.9
32 San Jose 1.9
33 New York 1.8
34 Memphis 1.8
35 Cleveland 1.8
36 Virginia Beach 1.8
37 St. Louis 1.7
38 Columbus 1.7
39 Richmond 1.7
40 Miami 1.6
41 Tampa 1.6
42 Washington, D.C. 1.5
43 Milwaukee 1.5
44 Buffalo 1.4
45 Baltimore 1.3
46 Charlotte 1.2
47 Oklahoma City 1.2
48 Providence 1.0
49 Hartford 0.8
50 Boston 0.8

Environment

Engagement and Access

This section provides indicators of the involvement of residents in their communities–civically and socially as well as metrics on how accessible amenities are in the regions. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

For the 2020 general election, the St. Louis region had a slightly higher voter participation rate than was seen nationwide. U.S. voter turnout has increased for each of the past three presidential elections, in 2012, 2016, and 2020. In St. Louis, voter turnout was about the same in 2012 and 2016 and increased slightly in 2020. Data are not available for 2020 ACS 1-year estimates, therefore an average of the 2019 and 2021 ACS 1-year estimates for the 18 and older citizen population is used for the 2020 voter participation estimates. The percentage of St. Louis adults involved in some volunteer activity is higher than in many of the peer regions and slightly higher than the peer region average. See the Voter Participation and the Volunteer Rate performance indicators on OneSTL and page 118 of Where We Stand 7th Edition for further discussion.

Voter Participation
Voter turnout in the general election as a percent of citizens aged 18 and older, 2020
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05003) Note: An average of 2019 and 2021 was used for the 2020 18 and older citizen population estimate.
1 Minneapolis 80.8
2 Raleigh 78.6
3 Denver 77.8
4 Portland 76.5
5 Seattle 75.9
6 Milwaukee 75.8
7 Detroit 74.3
8 Boston 74.0
9 Philadelphia 73.5
10 Richmond 73.4
11 Jacksonville 72.9
12 Pittsburgh 72.8
13 San Francisco 72.7
14 Charlotte 72.4
15 San Jose 72.3
16 Miami 72.3
17 Tampa 70.2
18 Atlanta 69.6
19 Orlando 69.3
20 Salt Lake City 69.3
21 Cincinnati 69.3
22 Hartford 69.2
23 San Diego 69.1
24 Sacramento 69.0
25 Columbus 68.5
26 St. Louis 68.5
27 Los Angeles 68.2
28 Baltimore 68.0
29 Cleveland 67.7
30 Louisville 67.5
31 Austin 67.0
32 Washington, D.C. 66.9
33 Chicago 66.9
United States 66.8
34 Phoenix 65.4
35 Buffalo 65.4
36 Virginia Beach 65.3
37 Birmingham 65.3
38 New York 65.1
39 Providence 64.2
40 New Orleans 64.1
41 Indianapolis 63.9
42 Nashville 63.5
43 Las Vegas 63.2
44 Dallas 62.7
45 Houston 60.7
46 Riverside 60.5
47 Kansas City 60.2
48 San Antonio 58.6
49 Memphis 57.3
50 Oklahoma City 54.6
Volunteer Rate
Percent of adults who volunteer, 2021
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey
1 Kansas City 38.0
2 Minneapolis 35.3
3 Salt Lake City 34.7
4 Indianapolis 33.0
5 Austin 31.7
6 Raleigh 31.6
7 Columbus 30.9
8 Virginia Beach 30.8
9 Seattle 29.8
10 Nashville 29.5
11 Charlotte 29.3
12 St. Louis 29.1
13 Philadelphia 28.7
14 Washington, D.C. 27.9
15 Chicago 27.6
16 Cincinnati 27.3
17 Portland 27.3
18 Milwaukee 27.3
19 San Antonio 26.1
20 San Francisco 25.4
21 Phoenix 25.4
22 Boston 25.4
23 Pittsburgh 25.2
24 Sacramento 24.9
25 New Orleans 24.7
26 Louisville 24.2
27 Oklahoma City 23.0
28 Baltimore 22.8
Peer Average 22.6
29 Buffalo 22.5
30 Memphis 21.7
31 Hartford 21.4
32 Denver 21.2
33 Richmond 20.3
34 Detroit 20.3
35 Houston 20.1
36 Cleveland 20.1
37 Tampa 20.0
38 Providence 20.0
39 Birmingham 19.8
40 Atlanta 19.6
41 New York 19.4
42 Dallas 18.8
43 San Diego 18.5
44 Orlando 18.1
45 San Jose 18.0
46 Jacksonville 16.6
47 Los Angeles 15.1
48 Miami 14.0
49 Las Vegas 13.5
50 Riverside 9.0

Being able to access necessities and amenities can be important to quality of life. Ease of access can be more challenging for low-income residents due to a lack of access to a vehicle and less resources. In this section, access to healthy food choices provides an indication of how easily low-income people can obtain healthy food options. The U.S. Department of Agriculture definition for access is used, which is more than one mile in urban areas and more than 10 miles in rural census tracts. St. Louis has better access than what is seen for the entire U.S. population but is about average among the peer regions. The percentage of households that lack a computer and the percentage that lack internet access in their homes is about average among the peer regions. See the Access to Healthy Food Choices performance indicator on OneSTL and page 120 of Where We Stand 7th Edition for further discussion.

Access to Healthy Food Choices
Percent of population that lives in a low-income census tract and reside far* from a large grocery store, 2019
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Access Research Atlas *More than one mile in urban tracts and more than 10 miles in rural tracts.
1 Memphis 13.0
2 Birmingham 11.0
3 New Orleans 10.3
4 Atlanta 10.2
5 Indianapolis 9.8
6 Riverside 9.6
7 San Antonio 9.5
8 Jacksonville 8.5
9 Kansas City 8.3
10 Virginia Beach 7.6
11 Richmond 7.4
12 Tampa 7.4
13 Orlando 7.3
14 Cincinnati 7.3
15 Charlotte 7.3
16 Dallas 7.2
17 St. Louis 6.9
United States 6.5
18 Houston 6.4
19 Austin 6.4
20 Phoenix 6.2
21 Oklahoma City 6.2
22 Columbus 6.1
23 Pittsburgh 6.1
24 Nashville 5.4
25 Raleigh 5.0
26 Buffalo 4.8
27 Louisville 4.6
28 Minneapolis 4.3
29 Baltimore 4.2
30 Seattle 4.0
31 Detroit 4.0
32 Denver 3.8
33 Sacramento 3.8
34 Cleveland 3.3
35 Chicago 3.3
36 Salt Lake City 3.2
37 Las Vegas 3.2
38 Providence 3.2
39 Philadelphia 3.0
40 Washington, D.C. 2.9
41 Hartford 2.8
42 Boston 2.6
43 Milwaukee 2.1
44 Miami 1.8
45 Portland 1.6
46 San Diego 1.5
47 San Francisco 1.5
48 Los Angeles 1.0
49 San Jose 0.8
50 New York 0.8
Racial Disparity in Access to Healthy Food Choices
Ratio of black to white population that lives in a low-income census tract and reside far* from a large grocery store, 2019
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Access Research Atlas *More than one mile in urban tracts and more than 10 miles in rural tracts.
1 Birmingham 7.47
2 Oklahoma City 3.86
3 Buffalo 3.82
4 Indianapolis 3.67
5 Raleigh 3.66
6 Milwaukee 3.60
7 St. Louis 3.60
8 Nashville 3.40
9 New Orleans 3.29
10 Atlanta 3.18
11 Chicago 3.05
12 Dallas 3.01
13 Denver 2.99
14 Louisville 2.99
15 Cincinnati 2.95
16 Kansas City 2.94
17 Memphis 2.90
18 Columbus 2.73
19 Richmond 2.65
20 Austin 2.60
21 Houston 2.54
22 Salt Lake City 2.51
Peer Average 2.45
23 Minneapolis 2.32
24 San Francisco 2.31
25 Miami 2.27
26 Jacksonville 2.23
27 Charlotte 2.23
28 Las Vegas 2.21
29 Washington, D.C. 2.07
30 Baltimore 2.07
31 Pittsburgh 1.97
32 Detroit 1.96
33 Cleveland 1.95
34 Sacramento 1.83
35 Seattle 1.81
36 Virginia Beach 1.81
37 Los Angeles 1.76
38 Orlando 1.63
39 San Antonio 1.62
40 Phoenix 1.56
41 Tampa 1.51
42 Philadelphia 1.43
43 San Diego 1.38
44 Portland 1.35
45 Hartford 1.27
46 Riverside 0.94
47 San Jose 0.80
48 Providence 0.67
49 Boston 0.56
50 New York 0.40
Households with No Computer
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B28003)
1 Pittsburgh 6.5
2 Buffalo 5.8
3 Cleveland 5.8
4 Providence 5.5
5 Louisville 5.4
6 New Orleans 5.4
7 Memphis 4.9
8 Birmingham 4.8
9 Milwaukee 4.6
10 Hartford 4.6
11 Cincinnati 4.5
12 New York 4.5
13 St. Louis 4.3
United States 4.3
14 Detroit 4.2
15 Oklahoma City 4.1
16 Richmond 4.1
17 Virginia Beach 4.0
18 Chicago 3.9
19 Philadelphia 3.8
20 Charlotte 3.6
21 Indianapolis 3.6
22 Baltimore 3.5
23 Kansas City 3.5
24 Boston 3.4
25 Nashville 3.3
26 Tampa 3.3
27 Miami 3.2
28 Minneapolis 3.1
29 Columbus 3.1
30 Riverside 3.0
31 Los Angeles 3.0
32 Houston 3.0
33 San Antonio 2.9
34 Sacramento 2.9
35 Phoenix 2.9
36 Portland 2.7
37 Las Vegas 2.6
38 Jacksonville 2.5
39 Dallas 2.4
40 Atlanta 2.4
41 Denver 2.4
42 San Francisco 2.3
43 San Diego 2.2
44 Washington, D.C. 2.2
45 Orlando 2.2
46 Raleigh 2.2
47 Seattle 2.1
48 Austin 1.8
49 Salt Lake City 1.8
50 San Jose 1.8
Households with No Internet
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B28002)
1 New Orleans 8.7
2 Pittsburgh 8.2
3 Memphis 8.0
4 Birmingham 7.3
5 Providence 7.1
6 Buffalo 6.8
7 Miami 6.7
8 Louisville 6.7
9 Cleveland 6.5
United States 6.4
10 Richmond 6.4
11 Cincinnati 6.2
12 New York 6.2
13 Detroit 6.1
14 Milwaukee 6.0
15 Nashville 5.9
16 Virginia Beach 5.9
17 Oklahoma City 5.8
18 Chicago 5.6
19 San Antonio 5.5
20 Hartford 5.5
21 Baltimore 5.4
22 St. Louis 5.4
23 Philadelphia 5.2
24 Indianapolis 5.1
25 Charlotte 5.1
26 Kansas City 5.0
27 Tampa 5.0
28 Phoenix 4.9
29 Los Angeles 4.8
30 Las Vegas 4.8
31 Houston 4.7
32 Riverside 4.7
33 Orlando 4.6
34 Dallas 4.4
35 Boston 4.3
36 Columbus 4.3
37 Atlanta 4.3
38 Raleigh 4.2
39 Minneapolis 4.0
40 Sacramento 3.9
41 Jacksonville 3.8
42 Portland 3.7
43 San Diego 3.6
44 Denver 3.5
45 San Francisco 3.4
46 Seattle 3.4
47 Washington, D.C. 3.3
48 Austin 3.0
49 San Jose 2.7
50 Salt Lake City 2.6

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