Where We Stand-8th Edition – East-West Gateway Council of Governments (EWGCOG)

The Strategic Assessment of the St. Louis Region

The Where We Stand (WWS) series produced by East-West Gateway (EWG) has provided comparisons of the St. Louis region with other large metropolitan areas since 1992. WWS ranks St. Louis among the 50 most populous Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the United States (the peer regions) on a broad range of topics important to the region.

In November of 2018, EWG published the eighth edition of WWS coupled with an expanded webpage. Explore this webpage to find more on where St. Louis stands among its peer metropolitan regions. Email us at wws@ewgateway.org with feedback, questions, or to subscribe to our email list.

Note: Acrobat Reader is required to view many of the files on this page.

Where We Stand – 8th Edition

The eighth edition focuses on three topic areas that are strategic priorities for EWG and regional partners. In May of 2018, the EWG Board of Directors along with representative from the business and non-profit sectors affirmed that economic development, workforce development, and public safety are three areas that require a regional collaborative effort. The 130 metrics in this edition pertain to these focus areas. An introductory chapter on demographics is also included to provide an overview of the population of St. Louis and the peer regions.

Where We Stand Updates, White Papers, and Technical Reports

EWG staff produces several types of reports that complement the main publication. Where We Stand Updates, White Papers, and Technical Reports are periodically released to update St. Louis’ standing based on new data, provide further insight on a specific topic, or provide more detail on methodologies used in the calculations for Where We Stand reports.

8th Edition Updates

8th Edition White Papers

White Paper 1 - Wage StructureWhite Paper 1 - Wage Structure (removed for review)
White Paper 2 - School Resources
White Paper 3 - School Quality
White Paper 4 - Update 10: 2020 Decennial Census: Population, Race, and Ethnicity, January 2022

8th Edition Technical Reports

7th Edition Updates

Where We Stand Data

WWS tables that appear in the eighth edition of WWS as well as tables included in previous editions are grouped here by topic areas. EWG will update these tables on a periodic basis. If you are interested in updated data for a Where We Stand table that you viewed previously, please contact us at wws@ewgateway.org.

Demographics

Shifts in demographics pose challenges to the St. Louis region as well as opportunities. This section provides data on the region’s population change, an aging population, the growing immigrant population, the proportion of the population with disabilities, and the composition of households. See page 1 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Population
Race and Ethnicity
Age
Persons with Disabilities
Households

St. Louis has been experiencing slow population growth, but the most recent estimates show a small decline in the MSA population. Both domestic migration and natural change contribute to the decrease. International migration has continued to increase in recent years. St. Louis has a relatively high proportion of adults who have served in the military.See Where We Stand 8th Edition Update 9 for the most recent detailed discussion on the region’s population.

Population
2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
United States		334,914,895
1	New York	19,498,249
2	Los Angeles	12,799,100
3	Chicago	9,262,825
4	Dallas	8,100,037
5	Houston	7,510,253
6	Atlanta	6,307,261
7	Washington, D.C.	6,304,975
8	Philadelphia	6,246,160
9	Miami	6,183,199
10	Phoenix	5,070,110
11	Boston	4,919,179
12	Riverside	4,688,053
13	San Francisco	4,566,961
14	Detroit	4,342,304
15	Seattle	4,044,837
16	Minneapolis	3,712,020
17	Tampa	3,342,963
18	San Diego	3,269,973
19	Denver	3,005,131
20	Baltimore	2,834,316
21	Orlando	2,817,933
22	Charlotte	2,805,115
23	St. Louis	2,796,999
24	San Antonio	2,703,999
25	Portland	2,508,050
26	Austin	2,473,275
27	Pittsburgh	2,422,725
28	Sacramento	2,420,608
29	Las Vegas	2,336,573
30	Cincinnati	2,271,479
31	Kansas City	2,221,343
32	Columbus	2,180,271
33	Cleveland	2,158,932
34	Indianapolis	2,138,468
35	Nashville	2,102,573
36	San Jose	1,945,767
37	Virginia Beach	1,787,169
38	Jacksonville	1,713,240
39	Providence	1,677,803
40	Milwaukee	1,560,424
41	Raleigh	1,509,231
42	Oklahoma City	1,477,926
43	Louisville	1,365,557
44	Richmond	1,349,732
45	Memphis	1,335,674
46	Salt Lake City	1,267,864
47	Birmingham	1,184,290
48	Buffalo	1,155,604
49	Hartford	1,151,543
50	New Orleans	962,165

Population Change
Percent change, 2013-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Austin	31.3
2	Raleigh	24.3
3	Orlando	24.1
4	Jacksonville	22.9
5	Nashville	21.1
6	Dallas	19.9
7	Charlotte	18.9
8	Houston	18.7
9	San Antonio	18.6
10	Tampa	16.0
11	Las Vegas	15.8
12	Phoenix	15.1
13	Atlanta	14.8
14	Seattle	11.9
15	Oklahoma City	11.9
16	Indianapolis	11.6
17	Denver	11.2
18	Salt Lake City	11.2
19	Columbus	10.4
20	Richmond	10.4
21	Sacramento	9.5
22	Portland	8.5
23	Kansas City	8.1
24	Minneapolis	7.9
25	Washington, D.C.	7.5
26	Riverside	7.3
27	Miami	6.2
United States		6.0
28	Cincinnati	5.4
29	Boston	4.6
30	Louisville	4.5
31	Providence	4.3
32	Virginia Beach	4.2
33	Birmingham	4.0
34	Philadelphia	3.6
35	Baltimore	2.4
36	San Diego	1.8
37	Buffalo	1.8
38	New York	1.7
39	San Jose	1.2
40	San Francisco	1.0
41	Detroit	0.8
42	Memphis	0.2
43	St. Louis	-0.1
44	Cleveland	-0.4
45	Milwaukee	-0.7
46	Pittsburgh	-1.1
47	Chicago	-1.3
48	Los Angeles	-2.2
49	New Orleans	-3.6

Population Change
Percent change, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	2.2
2	Austin	2.1
3	Orlando	2.0
4	Raleigh	2.0
5	Dallas	1.9
6	Houston	1.9
7	Charlotte	1.8
8	San Antonio	1.8
9	Tampa	1.6
10	Nashville	1.5
11	Oklahoma City	1.2
12	Atlanta	1.1
13	Phoenix	1.0
14	Richmond	0.9
15	Columbus	0.8
16	Indianapolis	0.8
17	Miami	0.7
18	Denver	0.6
19	Washington, D.C.	0.6
20	Las Vegas	0.6
21	Cincinnati	0.6
22	Kansas City	0.6
23	Minneapolis	0.6
United States		0.5
24	Riverside	0.4
25	Boston	0.3
26	Louisville	0.3
27	Seattle	0.3
28	Hartford	0.3
29	Birmingham	0.3
30	Providence	0.3
31	Sacramento	0.1
32	Salt Lake City	0.1
33	Virginia Beach	0.1
34	Milwaukee	0.1
35	Philadelphia	0.1
36	San Jose	-0.0
37	Baltimore	-0.0
38	Portland	-0.0
39	Cleveland	-0.1
40	St. Louis	-0.1
41	Detroit	-0.1
42	Chicago	-0.2
43	San Diego	-0.2
44	Memphis	-0.2
45	San Francisco	-0.2
46	Buffalo	-0.3
47	New York	-0.3
48	Pittsburgh	-0.4
49	Los Angeles	-0.6
50	New Orleans	-1.2

Natural Change
Births minus deaths as a percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Austin	0.7
2	Houston	0.6
3	Dallas	0.6
4	Salt Lake City	0.6
5	Raleigh	0.5
6	Washington, D.C.	0.5
7	San Antonio	0.4
8	San Jose	0.4
9	Atlanta	0.4
10	Denver	0.4
11	Minneapolis	0.4
12	San Diego	0.4
13	Nashville	0.4
14	Charlotte	0.4
15	Columbus	0.4
16	New York	0.4
17	Seattle	0.3
18	Riverside	0.3
19	Indianapolis	0.3
20	Oklahoma City	0.3
21	Orlando	0.3
22	San Francisco	0.3
23	Phoenix	0.3
24	Kansas City	0.3
25	Los Angeles	0.2
26	Virginia Beach	0.2
27	Chicago	0.2
28	Las Vegas	0.2
29	New Orleans	0.2
30	Boston	0.2
31	Cincinnati	0.2
32	Baltimore	0.2
33	Sacramento	0.2
34	Memphis	0.2
35	Miami	0.2
36	Jacksonville	0.2
37	Philadelphia	0.2
United States		0.2
38	Richmond	0.1
39	Milwaukee	0.1
40	Portland	0.1
41	Louisville	0.1
42	Birmingham	0.0
43	Detroit	0.0
44	Hartford	-0.0
45	St. Louis	-0.1
46	Providence	-0.1
47	Buffalo	-0.1
48	Tampa	-0.1
49	Cleveland	-0.1
50	Pittsburgh	-0.3

Net Migration
Percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	2.0
2	Orlando	1.7
3	Tampa	1.7
4	Charlotte	1.5
5	Raleigh	1.4
6	Austin	1.4
7	San Antonio	1.4
8	Dallas	1.3
9	Houston	1.3
10	Nashville	1.2
11	Oklahoma City	0.9
12	Richmond	0.7
13	Phoenix	0.7
14	Atlanta	0.7
15	Miami	0.5
16	Indianapolis	0.5
17	Columbus	0.5
18	Las Vegas	0.4
19	Cincinnati	0.4
United States		0.3
20	Providence	0.3
21	Kansas City	0.3
22	Hartford	0.3
23	Birmingham	0.3
24	Louisville	0.3
25	Denver	0.2
26	Minneapolis	0.2
27	Boston	0.1
28	Washington, D.C.	0.1
29	Riverside	0.1
30	Cleveland	0.0
31	Seattle	-0.0
32	Milwaukee	-0.0
33	Sacramento	-0.0
34	St. Louis	-0.1
35	Pittsburgh	-0.1
36	Philadelphia	-0.1
37	Virginia Beach	-0.1
38	Portland	-0.2
39	Detroit	-0.2
40	Buffalo	-0.2
41	Baltimore	-0.2
42	Chicago	-0.4
43	Memphis	-0.4
44	San Jose	-0.4
45	San Francisco	-0.5
46	Salt Lake City	-0.5
47	San Diego	-0.6
48	New York	-0.7
49	Los Angeles	-0.8
50	New Orleans	-1.4

Net International Migration
Percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Miami	1.5
2	Orlando	1.1
3	San Jose	1.0
4	Boston	0.8
5	Washington, D.C.	0.8
6	Houston	0.7
7	San Francisco	0.7
8	Seattle	0.6
9	Tampa	0.6
10	New York	0.5
11	Dallas	0.5
12	Columbus	0.5
13	Salt Lake City	0.5
14	Providence	0.5
15	Austin	0.5
16	Sacramento	0.4
17	Los Angeles	0.4
18	Hartford	0.4
19	Charlotte	0.4
20	Indianapolis	0.4
21	Jacksonville	0.4
22	New Orleans	0.4
23	Raleigh	0.4
24	Atlanta	0.4
25	Chicago	0.4
United States		0.3
26	Nashville	0.3
27	Milwaukee	0.3
28	San Diego	0.3
29	Baltimore	0.3
30	Phoenix	0.3
31	Detroit	0.3
32	Cincinnati	0.3
33	Minneapolis	0.3
34	Louisville	0.3
35	Denver	0.3
36	Philadelphia	0.3
37	Richmond	0.2
38	Oklahoma City	0.2
39	San Antonio	0.2
40	Cleveland	0.2
41	Memphis	0.2
42	Buffalo	0.2
43	Virginia Beach	0.2
44	Kansas City	0.2
45	Las Vegas	0.2
46	Portland	0.2
47	Riverside	0.1
48	St. Louis	0.1
49	Pittsburgh	0.1
50	Birmingham	0.1

Net Domestic Migration
Percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	1.6
2	San Antonio	1.1
3	Tampa	1.1
4	Charlotte	1.1
5	Raleigh	1.0
6	Austin	0.9
7	Nashville	0.8
8	Dallas	0.8
9	Oklahoma City	0.7
10	Orlando	0.6
11	Houston	0.5
12	Richmond	0.5
13	Phoenix	0.4
14	Atlanta	0.3
15	Las Vegas	0.2
16	Birmingham	0.2
17	Kansas City	0.1
18	Indianapolis	0.1
19	Cincinnati	0.1
20	Columbus	-0.0
21	Louisville	-0.0
22	Denver	-0.0
23	Riverside	-0.1
24	Hartford	-0.1
25	Minneapolis	-0.1
26	Providence	-0.2
27	Cleveland	-0.2
28	Pittsburgh	-0.2
29	St. Louis	-0.2
30	Virginia Beach	-0.3
Peer Average		-0.3
31	Portland	-0.3
32	Philadelphia	-0.4
33	Milwaukee	-0.4
34	Buffalo	-0.4
35	Sacramento	-0.5
36	Detroit	-0.5
37	Baltimore	-0.5
38	Memphis	-0.6
39	Seattle	-0.6
40	Washington, D.C.	-0.7
41	Boston	-0.7
42	Chicago	-0.8
43	San Diego	-0.9
44	Salt Lake City	-1.0
45	Miami	-1.0
46	San Francisco	-1.2
47	Los Angeles	-1.2
48	New York	-1.2
49	San Jose	-1.5
50	New Orleans	-1.7

Veterans
Percent of adults aged 18 and older who served in the military, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B21001)
1	Virginia Beach	14.3
2	Jacksonville	10.6
3	San Antonio	10.1
4	Las Vegas	8.2
5	Oklahoma City	8.1
6	Tampa	8.0
7	Richmond	7.4
8	Washington, D.C.	7.3
9	San Diego	7.3
10	Phoenix	7.0
11	Kansas City	6.9
12	St. Louis	6.9
13	Baltimore	6.7
14	Pittsburgh	6.6
15	Louisville	6.5
16	Seattle	6.5
17	Portland	6.4
18	Atlanta	6.3
19	Denver	6.2
United States		6.2
20	Memphis	6.2
21	Cleveland	6.2
22	Orlando	6.1
23	Charlotte	6.1
24	Columbus	6.0
25	Birmingham	6.0
26	Nashville	6.0
27	Sacramento	6.0
28	Indianapolis	5.9
29	New Orleans	5.9
30	Buffalo	5.9
31	Cincinnati	5.8
32	Austin	5.8
33	Raleigh	5.8
34	Dallas	5.3
35	Minneapolis	5.2
36	Riverside	5.2
37	Providence	5.1
38	Detroit	5.1
39	Philadelphia	5.1
40	Houston	4.9
41	Hartford	4.7
42	Milwaukee	4.6
43	Salt Lake City	4.2
44	Boston	4.0
45	Chicago	3.9
46	Miami	3.6
47	San Francisco	3.3
48	Los Angeles	2.7
49	New York	2.7
50	San Jose	2.6

The racial and ethnic categories presented in the following tables are mutually exclusive. These categories are White (not Hispanic or Latino), Black (not Hispanic or Latino), Asian (not Hispanic or Latino), multiracial (not Hispanic or Latino), other races (not Hispanic or Latino), and Hispanic and Latino. The White, Black, and Asian categories represent people who identify with only one race (i.e., White Alone, Black Alone, or Asian Alone). The “other races” population includes three Census categories, all not Hispanic or Latino: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, American Indian and Alaska Native, and the “some other race” group. The multiracial category includes people who identify as one or more race, but includes only people who do not identify as Hispanic or Latino. The Hispanic and Latino category includes all people who identity with this ethnicity category. They can also identify as one or more of the race categories. EWG recognizes that these six tables do not fully capture the diversity of the U.S. population. These broad tables provide an indication of the racial and ethnic makeup of the most populous U.S. metropolitan regions.

White Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Pittsburgh	82.7
2	Cincinnati	76.6
3	Buffalo	74.2
4	Louisville	72.5
5	Minneapolis	71.7
6	St. Louis	71.0
7	Providence	70.9
8	Kansas City	69.9
9	Nashville	69.8
10	Portland	68.9
11	Columbus	68.6
12	Indianapolis	68.5
13	Salt Lake City	68.4
14	Cleveland	67.5
15	Boston	65.7
16	Milwaukee	64.2
17	Detroit	63.8
18	Hartford	62.4
19	Oklahoma City	61.2
20	Denver	61.1
21	Birmingham	60.5
22	Jacksonville	59.5
23	Philadelphia	58.6
24	Tampa	58.5
25	Raleigh	58.2
United States		57.7
26	Charlotte	57.5
27	Seattle	57.2
28	Richmond	55.5
29	Baltimore	52.8
30	Virginia Beach	52.8
31	Phoenix	52.1
32	Chicago	50.1
33	New Orleans	49.6
34	Austin	48.4
35	Sacramento	47.5
36	Atlanta	43.2
37	New York	43.1
38	San Diego	42.2
39	Orlando	42.1
40	Dallas	42.1
41	Washington, D.C.	42.0
42	Memphis	41.0
43	Las Vegas	37.6
44	San Francisco	35.4
45	Houston	32.7
46	San Antonio	31.3
47	Miami	27.7
48	Los Angeles	27.6
49	San Jose	27.3
50	Riverside	27.3

Black Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Memphis	47.1
2	Atlanta	33.8
3	New Orleans	32.7
4	Birmingham	29.8
5	Virginia Beach	28.9
6	Baltimore	28.8
7	Richmond	28.0
8	Washington, D.C.	24.2
9	Charlotte	21.9
10	Detroit	21.2
11	Jacksonville	19.9
12	Philadelphia	19.5
13	Miami	19.3
14	Cleveland	18.9
15	Raleigh	18.9
16	Houston	16.7
17	St. Louis	16.6
18	Dallas	16.0
19	Chicago	15.5
20	Milwaukee	15.4
21	Columbus	15.1
22	Indianapolis	15.1
23	Orlando	14.8
24	New York	14.8
25	Louisville	14.6
26	Nashville	14.2
United States		11.9
27	Cincinnati	11.8
28	Las Vegas	11.6
29	Kansas City	11.5
30	Tampa	11.5
31	Buffalo	11.4
32	Hartford	10.4
33	Minneapolis	9.0
34	Oklahoma City	8.9
35	Pittsburgh	7.3
36	Boston	7.0
37	Austin	6.8
38	San Francisco	6.8
39	Riverside	6.7
40	Sacramento	6.5
41	San Antonio	6.3
42	Seattle	5.9
43	Los Angeles	5.9
44	Phoenix	5.4
45	Denver	5.4
46	Providence	4.8
47	San Diego	4.2
48	Portland	2.9
49	San Jose	2.2
50	Salt Lake City	1.6

Asian Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	San Jose	39.0
2	San Francisco	28.3
3	Los Angeles	16.6
4	Seattle	15.9
5	Sacramento	14.7
6	San Diego	12.1
7	New York	11.9
8	Washington, D.C.	10.7
9	Las Vegas	10.7
10	Boston	8.7
11	Houston	8.1
12	Dallas	8.0
13	Riverside	7.6
14	Chicago	7.2
15	Austin	7.0
16	Portland	7.0
17	Minneapolis	6.9
18	Raleigh	6.9
19	Atlanta	6.5
20	Philadelphia	6.4
21	Baltimore	6.0
United States		5.8
22	Hartford	5.5
23	Columbus	5.0
24	Detroit	4.9
25	Orlando	4.5
26	Charlotte	4.4
27	Denver	4.3
28	Richmond	4.3
29	Milwaukee	4.3
30	Phoenix	4.2
31	Buffalo	4.2
32	Indianapolis	4.1
33	Salt Lake City	4.1
34	Jacksonville	4.0
35	Virginia Beach	3.9
36	Tampa	3.7
37	Oklahoma City	3.3
38	Providence	3.1
39	Kansas City	3.1
40	Nashville	3.0
41	Cincinnati	3.0
42	St. Louis	2.9
43	New Orleans	2.8
44	Pittsburgh	2.7
45	San Antonio	2.6
46	Cleveland	2.4
47	Miami	2.4
48	Memphis	2.3
49	Louisville	2.1
50	Birmingham	1.7

Hispanic and Latino Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	San Antonio	56.2
2	Riverside	54.0
3	Miami	46.4
4	Los Angeles	45.4
5	Houston	38.8
6	San Diego	35.0
7	Orlando	33.1
8	Austin	32.7
9	Las Vegas	32.6
10	Phoenix	32.1
11	Dallas	29.7
12	San Jose	26.0
13	New York	25.5
14	Denver	23.9
15	Chicago	23.4
16	Sacramento	22.8
17	San Francisco	22.3
18	Tampa	21.8
19	Salt Lake City	19.4
United States		19.1
20	Washington, D.C.	17.0
21	Hartford	17.0
22	Oklahoma City	14.8
23	Providence	14.8
24	Portland	13.3
25	Boston	12.3
26	Milwaukee	11.7
27	Atlanta	11.5
28	Charlotte	11.4
29	Raleigh	11.3
30	Seattle	11.2
31	Jacksonville	10.7
32	Philadelphia	10.6
33	Kansas City	10.0
34	New Orleans	9.6
35	Nashville	8.3
36	Virginia Beach	7.8
37	Indianapolis	7.6
38	Richmond	7.1
39	Baltimore	7.0
40	Cleveland	6.7
41	Minneapolis	6.3
42	Memphis	6.3
43	Louisville	6.0
44	Buffalo	5.7
45	Detroit	5.1
46	Birmingham	5.1
47	Columbus	4.9
48	Cincinnati	3.9
49	St. Louis	3.4
50	Pittsburgh	2.1

Other Races Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of population identifying as American Indian, Pacific Islander, or Some Other Race, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Oklahoma City	3.4
2	Salt Lake City	2.6
3	Phoenix	2.2
4	Seattle	2.1
5	Sacramento	1.8
6	San Francisco	1.6
7	Las Vegas	1.5
8	Portland	1.5
9	New York	1.4
10	Boston	1.4
11	San Diego	1.3
United States		1.3
12	Riverside	1.3
13	Providence	1.3
14	Virginia Beach	1.1
15	Minneapolis	1.0
16	Los Angeles	1.0
17	Orlando	1.0
18	Washington, D.C.	1.0
19	San Jose	1.0
20	Miami	0.9
21	Austin	0.9
22	Jacksonville	0.9
23	Baltimore	0.9
24	New Orleans	0.9
25	Denver	0.9
26	Kansas City	0.9
27	Buffalo	0.8
28	Charlotte	0.8
29	Tampa	0.8
30	Raleigh	0.8
31	San Antonio	0.7
32	Philadelphia	0.7
33	Dallas	0.7
34	Milwaukee	0.7
35	Richmond	0.7
36	Atlanta	0.7
37	Columbus	0.7
38	Indianapolis	0.7
39	Birmingham	0.6
40	Houston	0.6
41	Hartford	0.6
42	St. Louis	0.6
43	Nashville	0.5
44	Detroit	0.5
45	Cincinnati	0.5
46	Chicago	0.5
47	Pittsburgh	0.5
48	Louisville	0.5
49	Cleveland	0.4
50	Memphis	0.3

Multiracial Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of population identifying as two or more races, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Oklahoma City	8.3
2	Seattle	7.6
3	Sacramento	6.6
4	Portland	6.4
5	Las Vegas	5.9
6	Columbus	5.7
7	San Francisco	5.6
8	Virginia Beach	5.6
9	St. Louis	5.5
10	San Diego	5.2
11	Providence	5.1
12	Washington, D.C.	5.0
13	Minneapolis	5.0
14	Jacksonville	5.0
15	Boston	5.0
16	Pittsburgh	4.7
17	Kansas City	4.6
18	Baltimore	4.5
19	San Jose	4.5
20	Orlando	4.5
21	Detroit	4.5
22	Denver	4.5
23	Louisville	4.4
24	New Orleans	4.3
25	Cincinnati	4.3
United States		4.3
26	Richmond	4.3
27	Atlanta	4.3
28	Austin	4.1
29	Nashville	4.1
30	Hartford	4.1
31	Philadelphia	4.1
32	Cleveland	4.1
33	Phoenix	4.0
34	Indianapolis	4.0
35	Raleigh	4.0
36	Salt Lake City	3.9
37	Charlotte	3.9
38	Tampa	3.7
39	Buffalo	3.7
40	Milwaukee	3.7
41	Los Angeles	3.6
42	Dallas	3.5
43	New York	3.4
44	Chicago	3.2
45	Miami	3.2
46	Riverside	3.1
47	Houston	3.1
48	Memphis	3.0
49	San Antonio	2.8
50	Birmingham	2.3

Immigrant Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05012)
1	Miami	42.3
2	San Jose	40.7
3	Los Angeles	32.4
4	San Francisco	31.6
5	New York	29.8
6	Washington, D.C.	24.1
7	Houston	23.9
8	San Diego	22.3
9	Riverside	21.8
10	Las Vegas	21.8
11	Seattle	20.7
12	Orlando	20.7
13	Boston	20.1
14	Sacramento	19.1
15	Dallas	18.9
16	Chicago	18.1
17	Austin	15.9
18	Tampa	15.7
19	Atlanta	14.6
20	Hartford	14.5
21	Providence	14.2
22	Phoenix	14.1
United States		13.9
23	Raleigh	13.2
24	Salt Lake City	12.9
25	Portland	12.3
26	Denver	12.0
27	Philadelphia	11.8
28	San Antonio	11.5
29	Baltimore	11.5
30	Charlotte	11.1
31	Minneapolis	10.8
32	Detroit	10.3
33	Jacksonville	10.2
34	Columbus	9.8
35	Indianapolis	8.8
36	Nashville	8.8
37	Oklahoma City	7.9
38	Richmond	7.9
39	Milwaukee	7.6
40	New Orleans	7.1
41	Kansas City	6.8
42	Buffalo	6.8
43	Virginia Beach	6.5
44	Louisville	6.2
45	Cleveland	5.9
46	Memphis	5.8
47	Cincinnati	5.5
48	St. Louis	4.6
49	Birmingham	4.4
50	Pittsburgh	3.9

Change in Immigrant Population
Percent change, 2019-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05012)
1	Indianapolis	31.5
2	Jacksonville	17.0
3	Birmingham	14.8
4	Orlando	14.8
5	Columbus	14.0
6	Baltimore	12.8
7	Memphis	12.4
8	Hartford	11.9
9	Tampa	11.8
10	Raleigh	10.3
11	Philadelphia	10.0
12	Austin	9.6
13	Buffalo	9.4
14	Charlotte	7.7
15	Providence	7.0
16	Seattle	6.9
17	Washington, D.C.	6.6
18	Atlanta	6.3
19	Houston	6.2
20	Salt Lake City	5.9
21	Cincinnati	5.8
22	Boston	5.4
23	San Antonio	4.5
24	Sacramento	4.1
25	Minneapolis	3.5
26	Dallas	2.9
27	Chicago	2.9
United States		2.8
28	New York	2.7
29	Nashville	2.5
30	Oklahoma City	2.4
31	Denver	2.2
32	Riverside	2.2
33	Richmond	2.0
34	Miami	1.3
35	Milwaukee	1.3
36	Detroit	0.6
37	Phoenix	-0.1
38	San Jose	-0.2
39	San Francisco	-1.0
40	Las Vegas	-1.5
41	Kansas City	-1.9
42	Portland	-3.9
43	St. Louis	-4.0
44	San Diego	-4.0
45	Los Angeles	-4.1
46	Virginia Beach	-5.2
47	Pittsburgh	-6.4
48	Cleveland	-7.6
49	Louisville	-8.4
50	New Orleans	-8.5

St. Louis has an aging population with one of the oldest median ages among the peer regions. The age of the population has important implications for the workforce and social service programs.

Median Age
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01002)
1	Pittsburgh	42.9
2	Miami	42.1
3	Tampa	42.1
4	Cleveland	41.8
5	Buffalo	40.9
6	Providence	40.8
7	San Francisco	40.6
8	Detroit	40.4
9	Hartford	40.4
10	St. Louis	40.0
11	New York	39.7
12	Louisville	39.6
13	New Orleans	39.5
14	Boston	39.5
15	Portland	39.4
16	Philadelphia	39.3
17	Jacksonville	39.3
18	Birmingham	39.3
19	Baltimore	39.3
United States		39.0
20	Milwaukee	38.8
21	Chicago	38.7
22	Richmond	38.7
23	Orlando	38.5
24	Los Angeles	38.5
25	Las Vegas	38.3
26	Cincinnati	38.3
27	Sacramento	38.3
28	San Jose	38.2
29	Kansas City	38.2
30	Washington, D.C.	38.2
31	Minneapolis	38.1
32	Charlotte	38.0
33	Seattle	37.7
34	Phoenix	37.6
35	Raleigh	37.5
36	San Diego	37.3
37	Virginia Beach	37.3
38	Atlanta	37.3
39	Denver	37.3
40	Nashville	37.1
41	Indianapolis	37.0
42	Memphis	36.9
43	Columbus	36.9
44	Oklahoma City	36.0
45	Austin	35.9
46	San Antonio	35.7
47	Riverside	35.6
48	Dallas	35.5
49	Houston	35.4
50	Salt Lake City	34.0

Children
Population under age 18 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Houston	25.7
2	Salt Lake City	25.4
3	Dallas	24.8
4	Riverside	24.7
5	Memphis	24.5
6	San Antonio	24.2
7	Indianapolis	24.0
8	Oklahoma City	23.8
9	Kansas City	23.3
10	Atlanta	23.3
11	Columbus	23.0
12	Minneapolis	22.9
13	Raleigh	22.9
14	Cincinnati	22.8
15	Charlotte	22.7
16	Washington, D.C.	22.4
17	Birmingham	22.4
18	Milwaukee	22.3
19	Phoenix	22.3
20	Nashville	22.3
21	Las Vegas	22.2
22	Louisville	22.0
23	Sacramento	21.9
24	Jacksonville	21.9
25	Virginia Beach	21.9
26	New Orleans	21.8
27	Chicago	21.8
United States		21.7
28	Baltimore	21.7
29	Austin	21.6
30	St. Louis	21.5
31	Detroit	21.5
32	Philadelphia	21.1
33	Orlando	21.1
34	Richmond	21.0
35	New York	20.9
36	Denver	20.8
37	San Diego	20.7
38	Seattle	20.6
39	Cleveland	20.5
40	Los Angeles	20.5
41	San Jose	20.4
42	Portland	20.0
43	Buffalo	19.8
44	Miami	19.7
45	Hartford	19.5
46	Tampa	19.2
47	Providence	19.1
48	Boston	19.1
49	San Francisco	18.9
50	Pittsburgh	18.5

Change in Children
Percentage point change in population under age 18 as a percent of total population, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Baltimore	-0.8
2	Washington, D.C.	-0.9
3	Oklahoma City	-1.0
4	Virginia Beach	-1.1
5	Pittsburgh	-1.1
6	Buffalo	-1.2
7	New Orleans	-1.2
8	Birmingham	-1.2
9	Miami	-1.3
10	Jacksonville	-1.3
11	Columbus	-1.4
12	New York	-1.4
13	Tampa	-1.5
14	Minneapolis	-1.6
15	Memphis	-1.6
16	Louisville	-1.6
17	Cincinnati	-1.6
18	Houston	-1.7
19	Philadelphia	-1.7
20	Nashville	-1.7
21	St. Louis	-1.7
22	Seattle	-1.8
23	Orlando	-1.8
24	Richmond	-1.8
United States		-1.8
25	Kansas City	-1.8
26	Milwaukee	-1.8
27	Providence	-1.9
28	San Francisco	-1.9
29	Indianapolis	-1.9
30	San Antonio	-1.9
31	Cleveland	-1.9
32	Boston	-1.9
33	Detroit	-1.9
34	Hartford	-2.0
35	San Diego	-2.1
36	Sacramento	-2.2
37	Las Vegas	-2.3
38	Dallas	-2.5
39	Atlanta	-2.6
40	Chicago	-2.7
41	Charlotte	-2.8
42	Raleigh	-2.8
43	Portland	-3.1
44	Riverside	-3.1
45	Los Angeles	-3.2
46	Phoenix	-3.3
47	Austin	-3.4
48	San Jose	-3.4
49	Denver	-3.6
50	Salt Lake City	-3.7

Young Adults
Population aged 18 - 34 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Austin	26.8
2	Salt Lake City	26.2
3	San Diego	25.9
4	Denver	25.3
5	Seattle	25.1
6	San Jose	24.8
7	San Antonio	24.7
8	Oklahoma City	24.7
9	Virginia Beach	24.7
10	Boston	24.6
11	Nashville	24.6
12	Los Angeles	24.5
13	Riverside	24.5
14	Dallas	24.3
15	Columbus	24.2
16	Phoenix	24.0
17	Orlando	23.9
18	Houston	23.7
19	Richmond	23.6
20	Hartford	23.4
21	Atlanta	23.4
22	Portland	23.3
23	Providence	23.2
24	Raleigh	23.2
25	Sacramento	23.2
26	Indianapolis	23.1
27	Memphis	23.1
28	Chicago	23.0
29	Las Vegas	23.0
30	Philadelphia	23.0
31	Charlotte	23.0
United States		22.9
32	Washington, D.C.	22.7
33	New York	22.7
34	Cincinnati	22.6
35	Buffalo	22.5
36	Milwaukee	22.5
37	San Francisco	22.4
38	Minneapolis	22.4
39	Birmingham	22.3
40	Baltimore	22.3
41	Kansas City	22.2
42	Louisville	22.0
43	Jacksonville	22.0
44	Detroit	21.9
45	St. Louis	21.6
46	New Orleans	21.5
47	Pittsburgh	21.4
48	Cleveland	21.2
49	Tampa	21.2
50	Miami	20.7

Working-Age Adults
Population aged 18 - 64 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Austin	66.5
2	Denver	65.0
3	Seattle	64.9
4	San Jose	64.6
5	Los Angeles	64.0
6	San Diego	63.8
7	Raleigh	63.7
8	Boston	63.6
9	San Francisco	63.5
10	Nashville	63.5
11	Portland	63.4
12	Atlanta	63.2
13	Orlando	63.1
14	Washington, D.C.	63.1
15	Dallas	63.0
16	Salt Lake City	62.8
17	Charlotte	62.6
18	Columbus	62.4
19	Providence	62.4
20	Hartford	62.2
21	Richmond	62.1
22	Las Vegas	62.1
23	San Antonio	62.1
24	Chicago	62.0
25	Houston	61.9
26	Virginia Beach	61.9
27	New York	61.8
28	Philadelphia	61.6
29	Minneapolis	61.5
30	Riverside	61.3
31	Sacramento	61.3
32	Baltimore	61.3
33	Oklahoma City	61.3
34	Indianapolis	61.1
35	Phoenix	61.0
United States		61.0
36	Jacksonville	60.8
37	Miami	60.8
38	Louisville	60.6
39	Detroit	60.6
40	Buffalo	60.6
41	Kansas City	60.4
42	Milwaukee	60.4
43	Cincinnati	60.4
44	St. Louis	60.3
45	Tampa	60.3
46	New Orleans	60.2
47	Birmingham	60.2
48	Memphis	60.1
49	Pittsburgh	59.9
50	Cleveland	59.4

Seniors
Population aged 65 and older as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Pittsburgh	21.6
2	Tampa	20.5
3	Cleveland	20.1
4	Buffalo	19.6
5	Miami	19.5
6	Providence	18.5
7	Hartford	18.3
8	St. Louis	18.1
9	New Orleans	18.0
10	Detroit	17.9
11	San Francisco	17.5
12	Birmingham	17.4
13	Louisville	17.4
United States		17.3
14	Philadelphia	17.3
15	Jacksonville	17.3
16	Milwaukee	17.3
17	New York	17.2
18	Boston	17.2
19	Baltimore	17.0
20	Richmond	16.9
21	Cincinnati	16.8
22	Sacramento	16.7
23	Phoenix	16.7
24	Portland	16.6
25	Kansas City	16.2
26	Chicago	16.2
27	Virginia Beach	16.2
28	Orlando	15.9
29	Las Vegas	15.8
30	Minneapolis	15.6
31	Los Angeles	15.5
32	San Diego	15.5
33	Memphis	15.4
34	San Jose	15.0
35	Oklahoma City	14.9
36	Indianapolis	14.9
37	Charlotte	14.6
38	Columbus	14.6
39	Seattle	14.6
40	Washington, D.C.	14.5
41	Nashville	14.3
42	Denver	14.2
43	Riverside	14.0
44	San Antonio	13.8
45	Atlanta	13.5
46	Raleigh	13.4
47	Houston	12.3
48	Dallas	12.2
49	Austin	12.0
50	Salt Lake City	11.9

St. Louis has a slightly larger proportion of the population that is disabled, relative to the peer regions. The percentages of seniors and children with disabilities in the region are similar to that of the United States as a whole, and the proportion of the working-age population with a disability is slightly higher in the St. Louis region compared to the peer regions.

Disability Rate
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	New Orleans	16.3
2	Oklahoma City	15.6
3	Pittsburgh	15.2
4	Cleveland	14.9
5	Birmingham	14.9
6	San Antonio	14.8
7	Tampa	14.5
8	Virginia Beach	14.4
9	Memphis	14.3
10	Louisville	14.1
11	Detroit	14.0
12	St. Louis	14.0
13	Las Vegas	13.9
14	Providence	13.7
15	Buffalo	13.7
16	Philadelphia	13.7
17	Portland	13.5
United States		13.4
18	Jacksonville	13.3
19	Cincinnati	13.3
20	Indianapolis	13.0
21	Sacramento	12.9
22	Richmond	12.7
23	Orlando	12.7
24	Baltimore	12.6
25	Kansas City	12.5
26	Columbus	12.5
27	Phoenix	12.5
28	Hartford	12.3
29	Milwaukee	12.0
30	Seattle	11.8
31	Riverside	11.8
32	Nashville	11.7
33	New York	11.4
34	Boston	11.3
35	Miami	11.3
36	San Diego	11.3
37	Los Angeles	11.1
38	Atlanta	11.1
39	Chicago	11.1
40	Denver	11.1
41	San Francisco	11.0
42	Houston	10.9
43	Salt Lake City	10.9
44	Austin	10.8
45	Charlotte	10.7
46	Minneapolis	10.5
47	Dallas	10.4
48	Raleigh	10.2
49	Washington, D.C.	9.5
50	San Jose	9.3

Children with Disabilities
Percent of children under 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	San Antonio	7.3
2	New Orleans	6.7
3	Oklahoma City	6.4
4	Cleveland	5.9
5	Pittsburgh	5.7
6	Birmingham	5.6
7	Philadelphia	5.4
8	Cincinnati	5.4
9	Louisville	5.3
10	Las Vegas	5.2
11	Virginia Beach	5.2
12	Richmond	5.1
13	Phoenix	5.1
14	Tampa	4.9
15	Providence	4.9
16	Orlando	4.9
17	Memphis	4.8
United States		4.8
18	St. Louis	4.8
19	Jacksonville	4.8
20	Indianapolis	4.8
21	Hartford	4.8
22	Atlanta	4.7
23	Baltimore	4.7
24	Salt Lake City	4.7
25	Detroit	4.6
26	Nashville	4.6
27	Portland	4.6
28	Houston	4.5
29	Columbus	4.5
30	Sacramento	4.4
31	Buffalo	4.4
32	Boston	4.4
33	Denver	4.3
34	Austin	4.3
35	Kansas City	4.1
36	Miami	4.0
37	New York	4.0
38	Charlotte	3.8
39	Los Angeles	3.8
40	Milwaukee	3.8
41	Dallas	3.7
42	Seattle	3.7
43	San Diego	3.6
44	Minneapolis	3.6
45	Riverside	3.6
46	Washington, D.C.	3.5
47	Raleigh	3.4
48	Chicago	3.4
49	San Francisco	3.3
50	San Jose	2.7

Working-Age Adults with Disabilities
Percent of adults aged 18 - 64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	New Orleans	14.1
2	Oklahoma City	13.8
3	Virginia Beach	12.8
4	Memphis	12.7
5	San Antonio	12.7
6	Cleveland	12.6
7	Birmingham	12.5
8	Pittsburgh	12.2
9	Louisville	12.0
10	Detroit	11.9
11	Las Vegas	11.7
12	St. Louis	11.6
13	Providence	11.6
14	Philadelphia	11.5
15	Jacksonville	11.5
16	Cincinnati	11.5
17	Buffalo	11.4
18	Tampa	11.4
19	Indianapolis	11.3
20	Portland	11.3
United States		11.0
21	Columbus	10.9
22	Richmond	10.7
23	Kansas City	10.5
24	Sacramento	10.4
25	Baltimore	10.3
26	Phoenix	10.2
27	Orlando	10.0
28	Milwaukee	9.8
29	Riverside	9.7
30	Austin	9.7
31	Nashville	9.7
32	Hartford	9.7
33	Seattle	9.6
34	Salt Lake City	9.6
35	Denver	9.3
36	Atlanta	9.2
37	Houston	9.0
38	Dallas	8.9
39	Minneapolis	8.9
40	San Diego	8.8
41	Chicago	8.7
42	Boston	8.7
43	Charlotte	8.6
44	Raleigh	8.5
45	Los Angeles	8.3
46	New York	8.3
47	San Francisco	7.7
48	Miami	7.4
49	Washington, D.C.	7.4
50	San Jose	5.8

Seniors with Disabilities
Percent of adults aged 65 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	San Antonio	38.1
2	Oklahoma City	37.9
3	Memphis	35.8
4	New Orleans	35.8
5	Riverside	35.5
6	Birmingham	35.4
7	Las Vegas	35.0
8	Houston	34.0
9	Indianapolis	33.9
10	Orlando	33.8
11	San Jose	33.6
12	Sacramento	33.5
13	Louisville	33.3
14	St. Louis	33.1
United States		33.1
15	Seattle	33.1
16	Los Angeles	33.0
17	Detroit	33.0
18	Virginia Beach	32.9
19	Portland	32.9
20	Tampa	32.8
21	Dallas	32.4
22	Columbus	32.4
23	Kansas City	32.2
24	Pittsburgh	32.2
25	Nashville	32.1
26	New York	32.0
27	Philadelphia	31.7
28	San Diego	31.5
29	San Francisco	31.4
30	Baltimore	31.4
31	Miami	31.3
32	Atlanta	31.3
33	Cleveland	31.2
34	Salt Lake City	31.1
35	Phoenix	31.0
36	Chicago	30.9
37	Cincinnati	30.9
38	Charlotte	30.8
39	Jacksonville	30.7
40	Providence	30.5
41	Milwaukee	30.3
42	Buffalo	30.2
43	Raleigh	30.1
44	Richmond	29.9
45	Hartford	29.5
46	Denver	29.5
47	Boston	29.2
48	Austin	28.3
49	Washington, D.C.	28.3
50	Minneapolis	27.7

The composition of households in the United States has changed in the past few decades, including smaller household sizes and an increasing proportion of non-family households, which is in part due to more people over the age of 65 living alone.

Average Household Size
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11002, B11001)
1	Riverside	3.2
2	Los Angeles	2.8
3	San Jose	2.8
4	Salt Lake City	2.8
5	Houston	2.7
6	Dallas	2.7
7	San Diego	2.7
8	Las Vegas	2.7
9	Sacramento	2.7
10	San Antonio	2.7
11	Atlanta	2.7
12	Raleigh	2.6
13	Phoenix	2.6
14	Washington, D.C.	2.6
15	Miami	2.6
16	San Francisco	2.6
17	Orlando	2.6
18	New York	2.6
19	Memphis	2.5
20	Oklahoma City	2.5
United States		2.5
21	Charlotte	2.5
22	Chicago	2.5
23	Baltimore	2.5
24	Indianapolis	2.5
25	Seattle	2.5
26	Virginia Beach	2.5
27	Birmingham	2.5
28	New Orleans	2.5
29	Jacksonville	2.4
30	Philadelphia	2.4
31	Minneapolis	2.4
32	Columbus	2.4
33	Detroit	2.4
34	Portland	2.4
35	Boston	2.4
36	Kansas City	2.4
37	Tampa	2.4
38	Cincinnati	2.4
39	Nashville	2.4
40	Richmond	2.4
41	Denver	2.4
42	Austin	2.4
43	Providence	2.4
44	Hartford	2.4
45	Louisville	2.4
46	St. Louis	2.3
47	Milwaukee	2.3
48	Cleveland	2.3
49	Pittsburgh	2.2
50	Buffalo	2.2

Family Households
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Riverside	75.6
2	San Jose	69.5
3	Houston	69.0
4	Salt Lake City	68.1
5	Raleigh	67.3
6	Dallas	67.2
7	Jacksonville	67.1
8	Atlanta	67.0
9	San Antonio	66.8
10	Orlando	66.6
11	Sacramento	66.4
12	Los Angeles	66.2
13	San Diego	66.1
14	Phoenix	65.9
15	Birmingham	65.2
16	Miami	65.0
17	Memphis	64.8
18	Charlotte	64.8
19	Las Vegas	64.8
20	Indianapolis	64.4
21	Oklahoma City	64.3
United States		64.1
22	Nashville	64.0
23	Virginia Beach	64.0
24	New York	63.7
25	Washington, D.C.	63.6
26	Cincinnati	63.6
27	Richmond	63.5
28	Philadelphia	62.9
29	Minneapolis	62.8
30	Baltimore	62.8
31	Chicago	62.7
32	San Francisco	62.6
33	St. Louis	62.4
34	Detroit	62.1
35	Louisville	62.0
36	Columbus	62.0
37	Kansas City	62.0
38	Boston	61.4
39	Hartford	61.4
40	Providence	61.2
41	Seattle	60.9
42	Tampa	60.7
43	Portland	60.1
44	Denver	59.8
45	New Orleans	59.7
46	Austin	59.5
47	Buffalo	59.0
48	Milwaukee	58.6
49	Pittsburgh	58.4
50	Cleveland	57.6

Families with Children
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11003)
1	Riverside	32.9
2	Houston	32.0
3	Raleigh	31.6
4	Dallas	31.1
5	Salt Lake City	30.5
6	San Jose	30.3
7	Indianapolis	28.8
8	Atlanta	28.8
9	San Antonio	28.5
10	Memphis	28.1
11	Columbus	28.1
12	Oklahoma City	28.0
13	Washington, D.C.	28.0
14	Charlotte	27.7
15	Sacramento	27.6
16	Nashville	27.6
17	Minneapolis	27.2
18	Phoenix	27.1
19	San Diego	27.0
20	Kansas City	26.9
21	Seattle	26.9
22	Jacksonville	26.8
23	Birmingham	26.7
24	Orlando	26.6
25	Baltimore	26.6
26	Las Vegas	26.5
27	Austin	26.5
28	Cincinnati	26.4
29	Virginia Beach	26.4
30	Chicago	26.1
United States		26.0
31	Los Angeles	25.9
32	New York	25.6
33	Richmond	25.6
34	San Francisco	25.6
35	Boston	25.5
36	Philadelphia	25.5
37	Hartford	25.3
38	St. Louis	25.3
39	Louisville	25.1
40	Milwaukee	25.1
41	Portland	25.1
42	Denver	25.1
43	Miami	24.8
44	Detroit	24.4
45	New Orleans	24.1
46	Providence	23.9
47	Buffalo	23.0
48	Tampa	22.4
49	Cleveland	22.1
50	Pittsburgh	20.9

Single Parent Families
Percent of family households with children, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11003)
1	Memphis	47.7
2	New Orleans	42.7
3	Cleveland	38.9
4	Las Vegas	38.1
5	Providence	37.9
6	Buffalo	37.2
7	Miami	37.2
8	Virginia Beach	37.1
9	Milwaukee	36.4
10	Louisville	34.8
11	San Antonio	34.4
12	Tampa	34.2
13	Jacksonville	34.1
14	Hartford	33.9
15	St. Louis	33.8
16	Columbus	33.7
17	Detroit	33.7
18	Baltimore	33.3
19	Phoenix	33.0
20	Oklahoma City	32.7
21	Atlanta	32.5
22	Birmingham	32.5
23	Philadelphia	32.2
United States		31.9
24	Richmond	31.8
25	Houston	31.7
26	Los Angeles	31.5
27	Cincinnati	31.4
28	Chicago	30.9
29	Kansas City	30.5
30	Orlando	30.1
31	Riverside	30.0
32	Indianapolis	29.9
33	Nashville	29.8
34	Charlotte	29.5
35	New York	29.5
36	Sacramento	28.7
37	Portland	28.7
38	Pittsburgh	28.3
39	Boston	27.3
40	San Diego	27.3
41	Dallas	27.2
42	Minneapolis	26.5
43	Denver	26.5
44	Salt Lake City	26.1
45	Washington, D.C.	25.8
46	Seattle	25.1
47	Raleigh	23.8
48	Austin	22.0
49	San Francisco	21.7
50	San Jose	20.0

Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren
Households where a grandparent is responsible for own grandchildren as a percent of households with children, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B10063, B11003)
1	Memphis	7.2
2	Birmingham	7.2
3	Las Vegas	5.4
4	New Orleans	5.3
5	Cincinnati	5.2
6	Virginia Beach	5.0
7	Oklahoma City	4.7
8	Atlanta	4.7
9	San Antonio	4.6
10	Louisville	4.6
11	Cleveland	4.5
12	Philadelphia	4.3
13	Riverside	4.3
14	Jacksonville	4.3
15	Houston	4.3
16	Charlotte	4.1
17	Tampa	4.1
United States		4.1
18	Dallas	4.1
19	Richmond	4.0
20	Los Angeles	3.9
21	Orlando	3.9
22	Miami	3.8
23	Providence	3.8
24	St. Louis	3.7
25	Nashville	3.5
26	Chicago	3.5
27	Indianapolis	3.5
28	Phoenix	3.4
29	Columbus	3.3
30	Buffalo	3.3
31	Detroit	3.3
32	Baltimore	3.3
33	Washington, D.C.	3.2
34	New York	3.2
35	Kansas City	3.1
36	Sacramento	3.1
37	San Diego	3.1
38	Denver	3.0
39	Pittsburgh	3.0
40	Salt Lake City	3.0
41	San Francisco	2.9
42	Austin	2.6
43	Milwaukee	2.5
44	Seattle	2.5
45	Hartford	2.3
46	Raleigh	2.3
47	Boston	2.2
48	Minneapolis	1.9
49	Portland	1.8
50	San Jose	1.7

Persons Aged 65 and Older Living Alone
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11010, B11001)
1	Pittsburgh	15.1
2	Cleveland	14.5
3	Buffalo	14.2
4	Providence	13.6
5	Tampa	13.4
6	Detroit	13.0
7	New Orleans	13.0
8	Miami	12.6
9	Milwaukee	12.5
10	Hartford	12.5
11	St. Louis	12.4
12	Louisville	12.2
13	Boston	12.1
14	Baltimore	12.1
15	New York	11.7
16	Philadelphia	11.7
17	Cincinnati	11.6
United States		11.5
18	Richmond	11.4
19	Kansas City	11.3
20	Chicago	11.3
21	Birmingham	11.2
22	Sacramento	11.2
23	Portland	11.1
24	San Francisco	10.9
25	Virginia Beach	10.8
26	Minneapolis	10.7
27	Memphis	10.6
28	Las Vegas	10.2
29	Indianapolis	10.1
30	Phoenix	10.0
31	Jacksonville	10.0
32	Oklahoma City	10.0
33	Columbus	9.9
34	Denver	9.4
35	Los Angeles	9.2
36	Seattle	9.1
37	Washington, D.C.	9.1
38	Charlotte	9.0
39	San Diego	8.9
40	Riverside	8.8
41	Nashville	8.6
42	San Antonio	8.6
43	Raleigh	8.5
44	Orlando	8.5
45	Atlanta	8.4
46	San Jose	8.1
47	Dallas	7.9
48	Houston	7.4
49	Austin	6.9
50	Salt Lake City	6.9

Land Use

Land use is important to community planning and economic development. It is also important to the environmental quality of a region. This section highlights St. Louis’ relatively low-population density, dispersed development patterns, and large amount of farmland. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Population Distribution
Development Patterns
Farmland

The St. Louis region has low-population density relative to the peer regions, particularly in the central city, with a relatively large proportion of the population living in rural parts of the region.

Population Density
Population per land square mile, 2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	New York	2,917
2	Los Angeles	2,638
3	San Francisco	1,849
4	Boston	1,411
5	Philadelphia	1,357
6	Tampa	1,329
7	Chicago	1,287
8	Miami	1,220
9	Detroit	1,116
10	Baltimore	1,089
11	Cleveland	1,080
12	Milwaukee	1,073
13	Providence	1,057
14	Washington, D.C.	960
15	Dallas	934
16	Houston	908
17	Orlando	807
18	San Diego	777
19	Hartford	760
20	Buffalo	738
21	Atlanta	726
22	San Jose	726
23	Raleigh	712
24	Seattle	689
Peer Average		667
25	Austin	586
26	Jacksonville	535
27	Minneapolis	527
28	Virginia Beach	506
29	Charlotte	501
30	Cincinnati	500
31	Indianapolis	497
32	Sacramento	475
33	Pittsburgh	459
34	Columbus	455
35	Louisville	422
36	Portland	375
37	San Antonio	370
38	Nashville	370
39	Denver	360
40	St. Louis	356
41	Phoenix	348
42	Richmond	309
43	Kansas City	306
44	New Orleans	300
45	Las Vegas	296
46	Memphis	292
47	Oklahoma City	268
48	Birmingham	264
49	Riverside	172
50	Salt Lake City	165

Urbanized Area Density
Population per land square mile, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Los Angeles	6,945
2	San Jose	5,979
3	New York	5,677
4	San Francisco	5,503
5	Las Vegas	4,927
6	Miami	4,871
7	San Diego	4,349
8	Denver	3,992
9	Portland	3,900
10	Sacramento	3,895
11	Salt Lake City	3,797
12	Washington, D.C.	3,573
13	Chicago	3,509
14	Seattle	3,498
15	Phoenix	3,469
16	Riverside	3,420
Peer Average		3,230
17	Dallas	3,100
18	Baltimore	3,043
19	San Antonio	3,024
20	Houston	3,011
21	Philadelphia	2,944
22	Columbus	2,850
23	New Orleans	2,836
24	Austin	2,820
25	Minneapolis	2,763
26	Detroit	2,710
27	Buffalo	2,693
28	Virginia Beach	2,683
29	Milwaukee	2,651
30	Orlando	2,642
31	Tampa	2,635
32	Cleveland	2,470
33	Boston	2,444
34	Louisville	2,324
35	Oklahoma City	2,301
36	Providence	2,300
37	Kansas City	2,297
38	Indianapolis	2,288
39	St. Louis	2,254
40	Cincinnati	2,155
41	Richmond	2,067
42	Memphis	2,066
43	Jacksonville	1,974
44	Raleigh	1,933
45	Atlanta	1,924
46	Nashville	1,908
47	Pittsburgh	1,856
48	Hartford	1,748
49	Charlotte	1,746
50	Birmingham	1,486

Largest City Share of MSA Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	58.0
2	San Antonio	55.5
3	San Jose	50.1
4	Louisville	48.6
5	Oklahoma City	47.6
6	Memphis	46.6
7	New York	42.5
8	San Diego	42.2
9	Columbus	42.0
10	Indianapolis	41.1
11	Austin	40.2
12	Milwaukee	36.1
13	Nashville	33.4
14	Phoenix	32.8
15	Charlotte	32.6
16	Raleigh	32.1
17	Houston	31.4
18	Los Angeles	29.7
19	New Orleans	29.7
20	Las Vegas	28.3
21	Chicago	28.2
Peer Average		25.4
22	Portland	25.3
23	Virginia Beach	25.2
24	Philadelphia	25.1
25	Denver	23.9
26	Buffalo	23.8
27	Kansas City	23.1
28	Sacramento	21.8
29	Baltimore	20.1
30	Seattle	18.6
31	San Francisco	17.7
32	Birmingham	17.6
33	Cleveland	17.5
34	Richmond	17.1
35	Dallas	16.4
36	Salt Lake City	16.2
37	Detroit	14.3
38	Cincinnati	13.7
39	Boston	13.3
40	Pittsburgh	12.9
41	Tampa	12.1
42	Minneapolis	11.5
43	Orlando	11.4
44	Providence	11.3
45	Washington, D.C.	10.5
46	St. Louis	10.2
47	Hartford	9.9
48	Atlanta	8.0
49	Miami	7.3
50	Riverside	6.9

Change in Largest City Share of Population
Percentage difference, 2010-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Oklahoma City	1.3
2	Seattle	0.9
3	Buffalo	0.8
4	New Orleans	0.8
5	Columbus	0.5
6	Denver	0.3
7	Orlando	0.3
8	Providence	0.2
9	Kansas City	0.2
10	Sacramento	0.1
11	Miami	0.1
12	Los Angeles	0.1
13	San Diego	0.1
14	Minneapolis	0.0
15	Tampa	0.0
16	Atlanta	-0.1
17	Pittsburgh	-0.1
18	Richmond	-0.1
19	Washington, D.C.	-0.1
20	Charlotte	-0.2
21	Cincinnati	-0.2
22	Chicago	-0.3
23	Boston	-0.3
24	Riverside	-0.3
25	Virginia Beach	-0.3
26	Hartford	-0.4
27	Philadelphia	-0.5
28	New York	-0.8
29	San Francisco	-0.9
30	Portland	-0.9
31	Louisville	-0.9
Peer Average		-0.9
32	Salt Lake City	-1.0
33	St. Louis	-1.2
34	Cleveland	-1.6
35	Las Vegas	-1.7
36	Phoenix	-1.7
37	San Jose	-1.7
38	Milwaukee	-2.1
39	Indianapolis	-2.3
40	Detroit	-2.3
41	Birmingham	-2.4
42	Dallas	-2.5
43	Baltimore	-2.8
44	Memphis	-2.9
45	Jacksonville	-3.1
46	Nashville	-3.3
47	Raleigh	-3.6
48	Houston	-4.0
49	San Antonio	-6.5
50	Austin	-6.5

Rural Population
Percent of total population, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Birmingham	27.8
2	Nashville	22.4
3	Oklahoma City	19.4
4	Richmond	19.4
5	Pittsburgh	18.5
6	Charlotte	18.2
7	Louisville	17.3
8	Columbus	16.6
9	Raleigh	16.0
10	Cincinnati	15.9
11	Memphis	15.9
12	St. Louis	15.0
13	San Antonio	14.9
14	Hartford	14.4
15	Buffalo	13.9
16	Minneapolis	13.6
17	Austin	12.6
18	Kansas City	12.5
19	Indianapolis	12.0
20	Atlanta	11.9
21	Virginia Beach	10.9
22	Baltimore	10.6
23	Cleveland	9.9
24	Portland	9.8
25	Jacksonville	9.7
26	Providence	9.5
27	Milwaukee	8.8
28	Washington, D.C.	8.8
29	New Orleans	8.2
30	Dallas	8.0
31	Sacramento	7.7
32	Detroit	7.5
Peer Average		7.4
33	Houston	7.0
34	Philadelphia	6.5
35	Boston	6.5
36	Seattle	5.8
37	Denver	5.7
38	Riverside	5.4
39	Orlando	5.3
40	San Diego	4.4
41	Tampa	4.3
42	Phoenix	4.1
43	Chicago	3.0
44	New York	2.3
45	San Jose	2.0
46	Salt Lake City	1.8
47	Las Vegas	1.3
48	San Francisco	1.0
49	Los Angeles	0.7
50	Miami	0.6

Development in the St. Louis region is dispersed throughout the region. The large amount of developed land per capita is an indication of low density. This development pattern has led to lower housing costs relative to many other large metro regions but can increase transportation costs for families and make access to amenities more challenging. For further discussion, see the Developed Land per Capita performance indicator on OneSTL.

Land Area
In square miles, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Riverside	27,277
2	Phoenix	14,568
3	Atlanta	8,686
4	Dallas	8,675
5	Denver	8,345
6	Houston	8,269
7	Las Vegas	7,892
8	St. Louis	7,864
9	Salt Lake City	7,684
10	San Antonio	7,313
11	Kansas City	7,257
12	Chicago	7,195
13	Minneapolis	7,048
14	Portland	6,688
15	New York	6,684
16	Washington, D.C.	6,568
17	Seattle	5,870
18	Nashville	5,689
19	Charlotte	5,597
Peer Average		5,513
20	Oklahoma City	5,512
21	Pittsburgh	5,283
22	Sacramento	5,095
23	Miami	5,067
24	Los Angeles	4,852
25	Columbus	4,797
26	Philadelphia	4,603
27	Memphis	4,575
28	Cincinnati	4,546
29	Birmingham	4,489
30	Richmond	4,364
31	Indianapolis	4,307
32	Austin	4,220
33	San Diego	4,210
34	Detroit	3,892
35	Virginia Beach	3,530
36	Orlando	3,491
37	Boston	3,486
38	Louisville	3,237
39	New Orleans	3,203
40	Jacksonville	3,202
41	San Jose	2,680
42	Baltimore	2,602
43	Tampa	2,515
44	San Francisco	2,470
45	Raleigh	2,118
46	Cleveland	1,999
47	Providence	1,587
48	Buffalo	1,565
49	Hartford	1,515
50	Milwaukee	1,455

Developed Land per Capita
Developed acres per capita, 2021
Source: MRLS Consortium, National Land Cover Database; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Birmingham	0.40
2	Kansas City	0.32
3	Memphis	0.32
4	Pittsburgh	0.32
5	Oklahoma City	0.31
6	St. Louis	0.31
7	Nashville	0.30
8	Charlotte	0.29
9	Richmond	0.29
10	Louisville	0.28
11	Indianapolis	0.28
12	Cleveland	0.26
13	Jacksonville	0.26
14	Cincinnati	0.26
15	Columbus	0.25
16	Minneapolis	0.25
17	Hartford	0.24
18	Atlanta	0.24
19	Detroit	0.23
20	Raleigh	0.23
21	San Antonio	0.23
22	Milwaukee	0.22
23	Virginia Beach	0.22
24	Portland	0.22
25	Riverside	0.21
26	New Orleans	0.21
27	Buffalo	0.21
28	Houston	0.21
29	Orlando	0.20
30	Tampa	0.20
31	Providence	0.20
32	Austin	0.19
33	Dallas	0.19
34	Denver	0.19
Peer Average		0.18
35	Baltimore	0.18
36	Seattle	0.18
37	Sacramento	0.18
38	Phoenix	0.18
39	Salt Lake City	0.17
40	Chicago	0.17
41	Philadelphia	0.17
42	Boston	0.17
43	Washington, D.C.	0.16
44	San Diego	0.15
45	Miami	0.13
46	Las Vegas	0.13
47	San Jose	0.12
48	San Francisco	0.11
49	New York	0.10
50	Los Angeles	0.09

Change in Developed Land per Capita
Percent change in developed acres per capita, 2016-2021
Source: MRLS Consortium, National Land Cover Database; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Austin	7.6
2	Dallas	5.7
3	Houston	5.0
4	Raleigh	4.8
5	Phoenix	4.5
6	Las Vegas	4.4
7	Sacramento	4.1
8	San Antonio	4.0
9	Jacksonville	3.9
10	Denver	3.8
11	Salt Lake City	3.3
12	Orlando	3.1
13	Nashville	3.1
14	Oklahoma City	2.6
15	Charlotte	2.4
16	Indianapolis	2.3
17	Atlanta	2.2
Peer Average		2.0
18	Richmond	1.9
19	Washington, D.C.	1.9
20	Tampa	1.8
21	Columbus	1.7
22	Riverside	1.5
23	Louisville	1.5
24	Memphis	1.4
25	Kansas City	1.4
26	Cincinnati	1.3
27	New Orleans	1.2
28	Minneapolis	1.2
29	Portland	1.1
30	Virginia Beach	1.0
31	Miami	1.0
32	Baltimore	1.0
33	Seattle	1.0
34	Birmingham	1.0
35	Pittsburgh	0.9
36	Milwaukee	0.9
37	Providence	0.8
38	St. Louis	0.8
39	Philadelphia	0.7
40	San Jose	0.7
41	San Diego	0.7
42	Boston	0.7
43	Buffalo	0.6
44	Los Angeles	0.6
45	Hartford	0.6
46	Chicago	0.5
47	Detroit	0.5
48	Cleveland	0.5
49	San Francisco	0.4
50	New York	0.3

Rural Land Area
Percent of total land area in square miles, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Salt Lake City	95.8
2	Riverside	95.3
3	Las Vegas	94.2
4	Denver	91.6
5	Portland	91.3
6	Oklahoma City	90.9
7	Phoenix	90.8
8	San Antonio	90.1
9	Sacramento	88.8
10	Kansas City	88.5
11	Richmond	88.3
12	Memphis	88.1
13	Birmingham	87.9
14	San Jose	87.8
15	New Orleans	87.1
16	Columbus	86.9
17	St. Louis	86.5
18	Louisville	85.9
19	Nashville	85.8
20	Minneapolis	83.6
21	Austin	83.2
22	Virginia Beach	83.1
23	San Diego	82.8
24	Seattle	81.6
25	Indianapolis	81.2
Peer Average		81.0
26	Cincinnati	80.6
27	Pittsburgh	80.3
28	Charlotte	77.7
29	Jacksonville	77.0
30	Buffalo	76.2
31	Miami	75.3
32	Washington, D.C.	75.2
33	Dallas	73.9
34	Houston	73.4
35	Orlando	72.6
36	Raleigh	71.0
37	Atlanta	67.9
38	Baltimore	67.9
39	San Francisco	65.4
40	Chicago	63.1
41	Milwaukee	62.8
42	Cleveland	61.9
43	Detroit	61.5
44	Los Angeles	61.1
45	Hartford	60.8
46	Providence	58.4
47	Philadelphia	56.9
48	Tampa	54.1
49	New York	48.1
50	Boston	45.8

The St. Louis region has a relatively large amount of farmland compared to the peer regions. A majority of this land is used for crops while the remainder is woodland, pasture, and other land. Farmland is an important piece of the region’s environmental health as well as the economy.

Farmland
Acres of land in farms in thousands, 2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1	Dallas	4,082
2	San Antonio	3,657
3	Kansas City	3,126
4	St. Louis	2,780
5	Oklahoma City	2,509
6	Minneapolis	2,492
7	Denver	2,489
8	Houston	2,218
9	Chicago	2,147
10	Nashville	1,831
11	Austin	1,669
12	Columbus	1,666
13	Memphis	1,623
14	Indianapolis	1,603
15	Phoenix	1,595
16	Cincinnati	1,198
17	Washington, D.C.	1,147
Peer Average		1,136
18	Louisville	1,127
19	Sacramento	929
20	Charlotte	885
21	Atlanta	872
22	Orlando	853
23	San Jose	808
24	Pittsburgh	790
25	Richmond	669
26	Philadelphia	656
27	Portland	597
28	Miami	573
29	Detroit	550
30	San Francisco	525
31	Baltimore	520
32	Birmingham	510
33	Tampa	425
34	Salt Lake City	411
35	Raleigh	368
36	Virginia Beach	363
37	Riverside	332
38	Cleveland	310
39	Buffalo	283
40	New Orleans	263
41	San Diego	222
42	Boston	171
43	Seattle	151
44	Hartford	100
45	Los Angeles	90
46	Providence	89

Change in Farmland
Percent change in acres, 2012-2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1	Providence	20.6
2	New Orleans	14.5
3	Baltimore	5.8
4	Louisville	5.5
5	Virginia Beach	4.2
Peer Average		3.9
6	Memphis	3.1
7	Richmond	3.1
8	Cleveland	2.0
9	Atlanta	1.9
10	Oklahoma City	1.7
11	San Antonio	0.4
12	Philadelphia	0.4
13	San Diego	0.3
14	Sacramento	0.2
15	Dallas	0.2
16	San Francisco	0.1
17	Kansas City	0.1
18	Orlando	-0.0
19	Denver	-0.1
20	Birmingham	-0.7
21	Buffalo	-0.8
22	Detroit	-1.4
23	Cincinnati	-1.5
24	Nashville	-2.0
25	San Jose	-3.1
26	Pittsburgh	-3.3
27	Salt Lake City	-3.4
28	Phoenix	-3.4
29	Washington, D.C.	-3.8
30	Chicago	-3.8
31	Minneapolis	-4.1
32	St. Louis	-4.6
33	Columbus	-4.6
34	Austin	-4.8
35	Indianapolis	-5.1
36	Tampa	-5.6
37	Charlotte	-5.7
38	Miami	-6.0
39	Raleigh	-7.0
40	Portland	-7.3
41	Seattle	-9.4
42	Boston	-10.3
43	Houston	-17.2
44	Hartford	-20.6
45	Riverside	-21.2
46	Los Angeles	-40.7

Organic Farms
Number of farms using organic practices, 2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1	San Diego	358
2	Riverside	228
3	Minneapolis	164
4	Sacramento	156
5	Portland	137
6	New York	123
7	San Francisco	99
8	Boston	93
9	San Jose	92
10	Columbus	86
11	Philadelphia	85
12	Seattle	81
13	Washington, D.C.	68
Peer Average		51
14	Chicago	49
15	Cleveland	49
16	Miami	45
17	Los Angeles	40
18	Pittsburgh	39
19	Buffalo	38
20	Providence	38
21	Detroit	35
22	Kansas City	30
23	Baltimore	29
24	Tampa	28
25	Cincinnati	26
26	Atlanta	25
27	Denver	24
28	Milwaukee	24
29	Orlando	23
30	Nashville	23
31	Phoenix	22
32	St. Louis	22
33	Indianapolis	22
34	Hartford	21
35	Raleigh	21
36	Austin	20
37	Houston	20
38	Dallas	15
39	Salt Lake City	11
40	Charlotte	10
41	Richmond	10
42	Virginia Beach	9
43	Louisville	8
44	San Antonio	8
45	Jacksonville	6
46	Memphis	4
47	Birmingham	3
48	Oklahoma City	2
49	Las Vegas	1
50	New Orleans	1

Housing

When it comes to housing, St. Louis is one of the most affordable large metropolitan regions in the country. However, black families are less likely than white families to own a home, more likely to be housing cost-burdened, and much more likely to live in areas of concentrated poverty. The region is also one of the most racially segregated among the peers. Where one lives is an important factor in many aspects of life including access to jobs and amenities, quality of schools, and exposure to crime. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Housing Market
Housing Affordability
Segregation

The St. Louis region continues to have some of the lowest priced housing among the peer regions, even with an increase in prices that was similar to the national average over the past five years. The rate of homeownership in the region is one of the highest among the peers. However, black households are nearly twice as likely to rent as white households. Relative to the peers, the region has a high vacancy rate and a low rate of new housing starts.

Homeownership
Owner-occupied units as a percent of all occupied housing units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25003)
1	Detroit	71.5
2	Minneapolis	70.5
3	Pittsburgh	70.5
4	St. Louis	69.7
5	Birmingham	69.5
6	Louisville	69.2
7	Cincinnati	69.1
8	Raleigh	67.8
9	Salt Lake City	67.6
10	Richmond	67.6
11	Indianapolis	67.5
12	Baltimore	67.3
13	Jacksonville	67.2
14	Tampa	67.0
15	Philadelphia	66.9
16	Phoenix	66.7
17	Cleveland	66.6
18	Atlanta	66.5
19	Hartford	66.5
20	Buffalo	66.1
21	New Orleans	65.9
22	Charlotte	65.8
23	Riverside	65.8
24	Chicago	65.4
25	Kansas City	65.3
United States		65.2
26	Nashville	65.0
27	Denver	64.5
28	Virginia Beach	64.2
29	Washington, D.C.	63.9
30	San Antonio	63.5
31	Oklahoma City	63.3
32	Sacramento	62.8
33	Providence	62.8
34	Orlando	61.9
35	Portland	61.6
36	Boston	61.5
37	Columbus	61.2
38	Memphis	60.8
39	Houston	60.5
40	Dallas	60.2
41	Milwaukee	60.1
42	Miami	59.9
43	Seattle	59.8
44	Austin	58.8
45	Las Vegas	57.8
46	San Francisco	56.2
47	San Jose	54.9
48	San Diego	54.5
49	New York	51.7
50	Los Angeles	47.9

Racial Disparity in Homeownership
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, owner-occupied units as a percent of all occupied units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Milwaukee	2.69
2	Minneapolis	2.50
3	Portland	2.35
4	Pittsburgh	2.16
5	Columbus	2.10
6	Seattle	2.09
7	Cincinnati	2.08
8	Las Vegas	2.06
9	San Diego	2.05
10	Louisville	1.97
11	New York	1.95
12	Cleveland	1.90
13	Oklahoma City	1.89
14	San Francisco	1.88
15	Kansas City	1.84
16	Buffalo	1.83
17	Phoenix	1.82
18	Chicago	1.81
19	Boston	1.81
20	Indianapolis	1.81
21	Los Angeles	1.80
22	Dallas	1.77
23	St. Louis	1.75
24	Detroit	1.73
25	Charlotte	1.71
26	Houston	1.68
27	Sacramento	1.68
28	Memphis	1.68
29	Hartford	1.67
30	Riverside	1.67
United States		1.65
31	Baltimore	1.64
32	Nashville	1.64
33	San Antonio	1.63
34	Denver	1.63
35	Providence	1.62
36	Tampa	1.58
37	Virginia Beach	1.58
38	Miami	1.57
39	Philadelphia	1.56
40	Jacksonville	1.55
41	Austin	1.55
42	Birmingham	1.54
43	Orlando	1.53
44	New Orleans	1.52
45	Raleigh	1.49
46	Atlanta	1.45
47	Richmond	1.40
48	Washington, D.C.	1.36

Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
In thousands of dollars, 2018
Source: National Association of Realtors
1	San Jose	1,340.0
2	San Francisco	987.5
3	San Diego	634.0
4	Seattle	501.4
5	Boston	477.4
6	Denver	449.9
7	Washington, D.C.	424.0
8	New York	410.0
9	Portland	395.7
10	Sacramento	365.0
11	Riverside	360.0
12	Miami	350.0
13	Salt Lake City	331.7
14	Austin	315.9
15	Providence	292.5
16	Las Vegas	288.8
17	Baltimore	285.6
18	Raleigh	283.6
19	Minneapolis	273.4
20	Phoenix	269.8
21	Orlando	265.0
United States		261.6
22	Nashville	260.5
23	Dallas	260.0
24	Chicago	259.4
25	Richmond	258.8
26	Milwaukee	250.3
27	Jacksonville	247.0
28	Charlotte	241.5
29	Houston	238.8
30	Tampa	235.0
31	Hartford	235.0
32	Philadelphia	229.0
33	San Antonio	228.1
34	Atlanta	219.9
35	Virginia Beach	219.0
36	New Orleans	210.1
37	Birmingham	207.3
38	Kansas City	206.5
39	Columbus	201.8
40	Indianapolis	187.1
41	Louisville	180.1
42	Memphis	177.9
43	St. Louis	177.5
44	Cincinnati	174.3
45	Oklahoma City	159.5
46	Cleveland	153.3
47	Buffalo	152.8

Change in Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
Percent change, 2013-2018, adjusted to 2018 dollars
Source: National Association of Realtors; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	San Jose	59.4
2	Las Vegas	54.2
3	Orlando	53.3
4	Tampa	52.7
5	Denver	48.7
6	Atlanta	46.2
7	Jacksonville	42.5
8	Sacramento	41.4
9	Riverside	38.3
10	Seattle	38.3
11	Portland	38.3
12	Dallas	37.4
13	Nashville	37.0
14	San Francisco	36.8
15	Phoenix	36.3
16	Raleigh	33.6
17	Salt Lake City	33.4
18	Miami	32.0
19	Austin	31.5
20	Columbus	31.1
21	Minneapolis	29.3
22	Charlotte	28.6
23	Memphis	27.5
24	Indianapolis	27.0
25	San Diego	26.7
26	Chicago	25.8
27	Kansas City	23.8
28	San Antonio	23.8
United States		22.9
29	St. Louis	22.6
30	Houston	22.2
31	Cleveland	20.8
32	Louisville	19.8
33	Cincinnati	19.3
34	New Orleans	18.3
35	Boston	17.8
36	Providence	17.6
37	Birmingham	16.5
38	Richmond	15.7
39	Milwaukee	15.7
40	Buffalo	8.2
41	Virginia Beach	5.3
42	Baltimore	5.2
43	Washington, D.C.	3.0
44	New York	-2.9
45	Oklahoma City	-3.3
46	Philadelphia	-3.6
47	Hartford	-4.0

Housing Units
Housing units per 1,000 population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002,B03002)
1	Pittsburgh	482.8
2	Cleveland	471.2
3	Buffalo	466.6
4	New Orleans	465.8
5	Tampa	459.7
6	St. Louis	454.6
7	Milwaukee	447.3
8	Birmingham	445.1
9	Louisville	443.4
10	Detroit	440.9
11	Miami	437.1
12	Jacksonville	436.9
13	Providence	436.8
14	Kansas City	434.6
15	Nashville	434.6
16	Austin	432.9
17	Denver	432.4
18	Hartford	432.2
19	Memphis	431.7
United States		431.4
20	Cincinnati	428.9
21	Columbus	428.5
22	Indianapolis	428.4
23	Virginia Beach	427.6
24	Oklahoma City	427.0
25	Richmond	425.3
26	Portland	424.6
27	Seattle	423.8
28	Baltimore	423.6
29	Charlotte	423.4
30	Philadelphia	422.1
31	Boston	421.2
32	Minneapolis	420.6
33	Chicago	420.3
34	Raleigh	415.5
35	Orlando	414.8
36	New York	411.6
37	Phoenix	411.4
38	San Francisco	410.0
39	Las Vegas	409.4
40	Washington, D.C.	400.0
41	Atlanta	399.9
42	San Antonio	398.2
43	Sacramento	395.5
44	Houston	393.8
45	Dallas	389.8
46	San Diego	380.7
47	Salt Lake City	376.0
48	Los Angeles	372.0
49	San Jose	370.6
50	Riverside	345.0

Change in Housing Units
Percent change in housing units per 1,000 population, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002,B03002)
1	Austin	8.6
2	Los Angeles	7.4
3	San Jose	6.8
4	Nashville	5.3
5	Chicago	5.2
6	Denver	5.0
7	Salt Lake City	4.8
8	San Francisco	4.6
9	Virginia Beach	4.4
10	Milwaukee	4.4
11	San Antonio	4.3
12	Portland	4.2
13	New York	4.2
14	Philadelphia	4.1
15	Memphis	3.8
16	New Orleans	3.6
17	Charlotte	3.5
18	Boston	3.5
19	Raleigh	3.5
20	Washington, D.C.	3.5
21	Hartford	3.4
22	San Diego	3.3
23	Pittsburgh	3.3
24	Houston	3.3
25	St. Louis	3.2
26	Minneapolis	3.1
27	Louisville	2.5
28	Baltimore	2.3
United States		2.2
29	Miami	2.0
30	Buffalo	1.9
31	Cleveland	1.8
32	Richmond	1.8
33	Seattle	1.8
34	Dallas	1.7
35	Oklahoma City	1.6
36	Kansas City	1.3
37	Providence	0.9
38	Columbus	0.8
39	Birmingham	0.6
40	Indianapolis	0.6
41	Detroit	0.5
42	Atlanta	0.1
43	Cincinnati	-0.1
44	Jacksonville	-0.2
45	Riverside	-0.3
46	Sacramento	-0.6
47	Phoenix	-2.0
48	Orlando	-3.1
49	Las Vegas	-3.7
50	Tampa	-4.0

Vacancy Rate
Vacant units as a percent of all housing units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002)
1	New Orleans	13.9
2	Miami	12.6
3	Tampa	12.1
4	Birmingham	10.7
5	Riverside	10.3
6	Pittsburgh	9.9
7	Las Vegas	9.8
8	Memphis	9.7
United States		9.7
9	Raleigh	9.3
10	Oklahoma City	8.6
11	Phoenix	8.4
12	Cleveland	8.3
13	Jacksonville	8.2
14	St. Louis	8.2
15	Orlando	8.0
16	Detroit	8.0
17	San Antonio	8.0
18	Sacramento	7.4
19	San Francisco	7.4
20	New York	7.4
21	Virginia Beach	7.4
22	Houston	7.2
23	Indianapolis	7.1
24	Atlanta	7.1
25	Providence	7.0
26	Charlotte	6.9
27	Buffalo	6.7
28	Columbus	6.6
29	Kansas City	6.6
30	Nashville	6.5
31	Hartford	6.4
32	Baltimore	6.2
33	Milwaukee	6.2
34	Chicago	6.1
35	Dallas	6.1
36	San Diego	6.0
37	Los Angeles	6.0
38	Louisville	6.0
39	Salt Lake City	5.9
40	Cincinnati	5.8
41	San Jose	5.8
42	Seattle	5.7
43	Philadelphia	5.7
44	Boston	5.6
45	Richmond	5.6
46	Denver	5.2
47	Portland	5.0
48	Washington, D.C.	5.0
49	Austin	4.6
50	Minneapolis	4.5

Change in Vacancy Rate
Percentage point change in vacant units as a percent of all housing units, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002)
1	San Jose	2.2
2	Raleigh	2.1
3	San Francisco	1.3
4	Pittsburgh	-0.2
5	New Orleans	-0.5
6	Minneapolis	-0.6
7	Milwaukee	-0.8
8	Denver	-0.8
9	Hartford	-1.1
10	Boston	-1.2
11	Portland	-1.2
12	Seattle	-1.3
13	New York	-1.7
14	San Diego	-1.7
15	San Antonio	-1.9
16	Washington, D.C.	-2.0
17	Dallas	-2.2
18	Birmingham	-2.2
19	St. Louis	-2.4
20	Nashville	-2.4
21	Oklahoma City	-2.4
22	Virginia Beach	-2.5
23	Sacramento	-2.5
24	Salt Lake City	-2.7
25	Memphis	-2.7
26	Charlotte	-2.8
United States		-2.8
27	Philadelphia	-2.9
28	Baltimore	-3.0
29	Kansas City	-3.0
30	Buffalo	-3.1
31	Providence	-3.2
32	Columbus	-3.3
33	Louisville	-3.4
34	Chicago	-3.6
35	Cleveland	-3.7
36	Austin	-3.8
37	Indianapolis	-3.8
38	Houston	-4.0
39	Riverside	-4.2
40	Atlanta	-4.5
41	Detroit	-4.6
42	Tampa	-4.6
43	Cincinnati	-4.6
44	Richmond	-5.3
45	Miami	-5.4
46	Las Vegas	-5.9
47	Phoenix	-6.3
48	Jacksonville	-7.4
49	Orlando	-10.1

Housing Permits
New permitted units per 1,000 units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey and American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25001)
1	Austin	42.5
2	Raleigh	36.2
3	Nashville	32.8
4	Jacksonville	32.6
5	Houston	26.8
6	Dallas	25.8
7	Orlando	25.7
8	Charlotte	23.9
9	San Antonio	23.5
10	Phoenix	23.3
11	Salt Lake City	21.7
12	Tampa	20.1
13	Atlanta	19.6
14	Richmond	18.6
15	Denver	18.6
16	Seattle	15.9
17	Minneapolis	15.5
18	Indianapolis	14.1
19	Las Vegas	14.0
20	Columbus	13.3
21	Washington, D.C.	12.8
22	Portland	12.3
23	Kansas City	11.8
United States		11.7
24	San Jose	11.5
25	Sacramento	11.4
26	Oklahoma City	11.2
27	Riverside	10.5
28	Louisville	9.7
29	Birmingham	8.4
30	Virginia Beach	8.2
31	San Diego	7.6
32	Memphis	7.5
33	Miami	7.5
34	New York	7.3
35	New Orleans	7.2
36	St. Louis	7.2
37	Boston	7.1
38	Los Angeles	6.8
39	Cincinnati	6.4
40	San Francisco	6.0
41	Philadelphia	5.5
42	Baltimore	5.5
43	Pittsburgh	5.0
44	Milwaukee	4.6
45	Chicago	4.5
46	Detroit	4.2
47	Cleveland	3.8
48	Hartford	3.7
49	Buffalo	3.0
50	Providence	2.9

Change in Housing Permits
Percent change in new permitted units, 2017-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
1	San Antonio	94.5
2	Jacksonville	78.8
3	Houston	78.6
4	Tampa	64.1
5	Phoenix	61.3
6	Austin	58.7
7	Minneapolis	57.4
8	Birmingham	54.7
9	Raleigh	52.1
10	Orlando	50.4
11	Richmond	47.3
12	Atlanta	42.2
13	Indianapolis	40.8
14	New Orleans	40.5
15	Salt Lake City	37.1
16	Nashville	37.1
17	Columbus	36.9
18	Pittsburgh	30.9
United States		29.9
19	Oklahoma City	27.5
20	Hartford	27.2
21	St. Louis	25.2
22	Dallas	25.0
23	New York	19.0
24	Charlotte	18.8
25	Washington, D.C.	18.6
26	Cleveland	15.7
27	Riverside	14.1
28	Kansas City	13.9
29	Sacramento	13.6
30	Memphis	11.5
31	Philadelphia	6.4
32	Providence	5.6
33	Los Angeles	4.6
34	Denver	3.3
35	Miami	1.5
36	Virginia Beach	0.4
37	Boston	-2.1
38	Seattle	-2.5
39	Buffalo	-3.6
40	Baltimore	-3.7
41	San Jose	-3.9
42	Cincinnati	-4.6
43	Louisville	-4.9
44	Las Vegas	-7.2
45	San Diego	-10.5
46	Milwaukee	-13.5
47	Portland	-18.8
48	Chicago	-20.3
49	Detroit	-21.3
50	San Francisco	-33.9

Despite relatively affordable housing, St. Louis has a substantial number of homeowners as well as renters paying more than 30 percent of their income on housing. A larger proportion of black (not Hispanic or Latino) owners and renters are cost-burdened compared to their white (not Hispanic or Latino) counterparts.

Housing Cost-Burdened Owners
Owners paying at least 30% of income on housing as a percent of all homeowners, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25091)
1	Miami	33.7
2	Los Angeles	33.6
3	Riverside	32.4
4	San Diego	32.1
5	New York	31.9
6	San Francisco	28.8
7	Sacramento	27.7
8	Boston	26.5
9	Orlando	26.4
10	San Jose	26.0
11	Portland	25.7
12	Tampa	25.7
13	Las Vegas	25.7
14	Chicago	25.0
15	Virginia Beach	24.9
16	Seattle	24.9
17	Providence	24.8
18	New Orleans	24.7
19	San Antonio	24.7
20	Denver	24.2
21	Houston	23.8
22	Dallas	23.7
23	Philadelphia	23.2
24	Hartford	23.0
25	Baltimore	22.8
United States		22.8
26	Jacksonville	21.9
27	Washington, D.C.	21.9
28	Austin	21.9
29	Detroit	21.3
30	Memphis	21.0
31	Milwaukee	20.7
32	Phoenix	20.5
33	Kansas City	20.5
34	Atlanta	20.4
35	Minneapolis	20.1
36	Nashville	20.1
37	Cleveland	20.0
38	Oklahoma City	19.7
39	Salt Lake City	19.3
40	Richmond	19.3
41	Buffalo	19.1
42	Louisville	18.8
43	Columbus	18.4
44	Charlotte	18.3
45	Birmingham	17.7
46	St. Louis	17.7
47	Indianapolis	17.7
48	Cincinnati	17.6
49	Pittsburgh	17.2
50	Raleigh	17.0

Racial Disparity in Housing Cost-Burdened Owners
Ratio of percent of black to percent of white owners paying at least 30% of income on housing, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Milwaukee	1.98
2	Raleigh	1.86
3	Indianapolis	1.70
4	Kansas City	1.70
5	Cleveland	1.68
6	Denver	1.65
7	Pittsburgh	1.65
8	Memphis	1.65
9	Boston	1.61
10	Richmond	1.58
11	Detroit	1.57
12	Orlando	1.57
13	Cincinnati	1.53
14	San Francisco	1.51
15	Virginia Beach	1.50
16	Hartford	1.49
17	Baltimore	1.47
18	Charlotte	1.45
19	St. Louis	1.45
20	Columbus	1.44
21	Atlanta	1.42
22	Chicago	1.42
23	Minneapolis	1.40
United States		1.39
24	San Diego	1.38
25	New Orleans	1.37
26	Birmingham	1.36
27	Philadelphia	1.36
28	Dallas	1.36
29	Buffalo	1.35
30	Nashville	1.34
31	New York	1.33
32	Washington, D.C.	1.33
33	Houston	1.33
34	Oklahoma City	1.32
35	Miami	1.32
36	Los Angeles	1.30
37	San Antonio	1.29
38	Las Vegas	1.28
39	Jacksonville	1.25
40	Phoenix	1.23
41	Louisville	1.23
42	Riverside	1.22
43	Portland	1.17
44	Tampa	1.17
45	Seattle	1.16
46	Austin	1.16
47	Sacramento	1.16
48	Providence	0.98

Housing Cost-Burdened Renters
Renters paying at least 30% of income on housing as a percent of all renters, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25070)
1	Miami	64.6
2	Orlando	60.6
3	Riverside	60.2
4	Sacramento	59.1
5	Las Vegas	58.3
6	San Diego	58.3
7	Los Angeles	58.2
8	New Orleans	58.2
9	Tampa	57.6
10	Virginia Beach	55.7
11	San Antonio	55.4
12	Birmingham	54.2
13	Memphis	53.9
14	Phoenix	53.9
15	Richmond	53.7
16	Houston	53.5
17	Dallas	53.5
18	Boston	53.3
19	Jacksonville	53.2
20	Atlanta	53.2
21	Hartford	53.0
22	Baltimore	53.0
23	Portland	52.6
24	New York	52.6
25	Denver	52.0
United States		51.9
26	Philadelphia	51.8
27	Detroit	51.7
28	Nashville	51.2
29	Minneapolis	51.0
30	Indianapolis	50.5
31	Chicago	50.4
32	Cleveland	50.1
33	Oklahoma City	50.1
34	Seattle	50.0
35	Charlotte	49.9
36	Buffalo	49.7
37	Milwaukee	49.5
38	Salt Lake City	49.2
39	Louisville	49.1
40	San Francisco	48.9
41	Providence	48.6
42	Austin	48.5
43	Raleigh	48.3
44	Washington, D.C.	47.8
45	Columbus	47.3
46	Kansas City	46.7
47	St. Louis	46.6
48	Cincinnati	46.5
49	San Jose	45.7
50	Pittsburgh	43.2

Racial Disparity in Housing Cost-Burdened Renters
Ratio of percent of black to percent of white renters paying at least 30% of income on housing, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	San Francisco	1.43
2	Cincinnati	1.43
3	Raleigh	1.42
4	Indianapolis	1.39
5	Hartford	1.39
6	Buffalo	1.38
7	Atlanta	1.33
8	Charlotte	1.33
9	Oklahoma City	1.33
10	Phoenix	1.32
11	Seattle	1.31
12	Dallas	1.30
13	San Antonio	1.30
14	Chicago	1.30
15	Pittsburgh	1.29
16	Kansas City	1.28
17	Richmond	1.28
18	Denver	1.28
19	Boston	1.25
20	San Diego	1.24
21	Washington, D.C.	1.24
22	Houston	1.23
23	St. Louis	1.22
24	Tampa	1.21
25	Minneapolis	1.21
United States		1.21
26	Philadelphia	1.20
27	New Orleans	1.20
28	Las Vegas	1.20
29	Miami	1.20
30	Sacramento	1.19
31	Memphis	1.19
32	Baltimore	1.19
33	Milwaukee	1.19
34	Virginia Beach	1.18
35	Orlando	1.17
36	New York	1.16
37	Columbus	1.16
38	Austin	1.16
39	Cleveland	1.16
40	Los Angeles	1.15
41	Detroit	1.14
42	Riverside	1.10
43	Nashville	1.09
44	Portland	1.09
45	Birmingham	1.08
46	Louisville	1.08
47	Jacksonville	1.04
48	Providence	0.85

Median Monthly Housing Costs
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25105)
1	San Jose	2,724
2	San Francisco	2,473
3	San Diego	2,153
4	Boston	2,006
5	Los Angeles	1,988
6	Washington, D.C.	1,985
7	Seattle	1,962
8	New York	1,861
9	Denver	1,799
10	Sacramento	1,755
11	Riverside	1,732
12	Austin	1,695
13	Portland	1,659
14	Miami	1,609
15	Baltimore	1,550
16	Dallas	1,540
17	Minneapolis	1,498
18	Salt Lake City	1,485
19	Orlando	1,481
20	Atlanta	1,474
21	Hartford	1,466
22	Phoenix	1,443
23	Las Vegas	1,442
24	Chicago	1,438
25	Raleigh	1,434
26	Philadelphia	1,433
27	Providence	1,424
28	Virginia Beach	1,420
29	Nashville	1,375
30	Houston	1,375
31	Jacksonville	1,351
32	Richmond	1,335
33	Tampa	1,327
34	San Antonio	1,282
35	Charlotte	1,280
United States		1,268
36	Columbus	1,246
37	Kansas City	1,217
38	Milwaukee	1,177
39	Indianapolis	1,135
40	New Orleans	1,133
41	Detroit	1,123
42	Memphis	1,120
43	Cincinnati	1,103
44	St. Louis	1,102
45	Oklahoma City	1,074
46	Louisville	1,073
47	Cleveland	1,038
48	Birmingham	1,032
49	Buffalo	1,016
50	Pittsburgh	973

Median Monthly Rent
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25064)
1	San Jose	2,601
2	San Francisco	2,300
3	San Diego	2,045
4	Los Angeles	1,887
5	Washington, D.C.	1,864
6	Boston	1,859
7	Seattle	1,848
8	Denver	1,749
9	Miami	1,712
10	Riverside	1,707
11	Sacramento	1,699
12	New York	1,685
13	Phoenix	1,616
14	Orlando	1,611
15	Austin	1,599
16	Portland	1,555
17	Atlanta	1,549
18	Las Vegas	1,485
19	Tampa	1,477
20	Dallas	1,467
21	Baltimore	1,461
22	Jacksonville	1,443
23	Salt Lake City	1,431
24	Raleigh	1,424
25	Nashville	1,413
26	Virginia Beach	1,365
27	Philadelphia	1,358
28	Charlotte	1,355
29	Minneapolis	1,355
30	Houston	1,317
United States		1,300
31	Richmond	1,298
32	Chicago	1,294
33	Hartford	1,268
34	San Antonio	1,263
35	Providence	1,201
36	Columbus	1,186
37	Kansas City	1,157
38	New Orleans	1,148
39	Memphis	1,132
40	Detroit	1,121
41	Indianapolis	1,092
42	Birmingham	1,082
43	Milwaukee	1,054
44	St. Louis	1,036
45	Louisville	1,029
46	Oklahoma City	1,027
47	Cincinnati	996
48	Buffalo	980
49	Cleveland	970
50	Pittsburgh	964

Housing Affordability
Median housing costs as a percent of median household income, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25105, B19013)
1	Miami	27.3
2	Los Angeles	27.2
3	San Diego	26.1
4	Riverside	25.1
5	Orlando	24.7
6	Las Vegas	24.4
7	New York	24.4
8	Sacramento	23.6
9	San Francisco	23.2
10	Boston	23.1
11	Tampa	23.0
12	Virginia Beach	22.9
13	Dallas	22.3
14	Portland	22.3
15	New Orleans	22.1
16	Houston	22.0
17	Seattle	22.0
18	San Jose	22.0
19	Denver	21.8
20	San Antonio	21.8
21	Austin	21.5
22	Memphis	21.0
23	Jacksonville	20.9
24	Providence	20.9
25	Phoenix	20.9
26	Atlanta	20.8
27	Chicago	20.8
28	Nashville	20.6
29	Baltimore	20.6
30	Hartford	20.5
31	Philadelphia	20.4
United States		20.4
32	Washington, D.C.	20.3
33	Milwaukee	19.9
34	Charlotte	19.9
35	Columbus	19.7
36	Richmond	19.7
37	Minneapolis	19.7
38	Oklahoma City	19.4
39	Kansas City	19.4
40	Salt Lake City	19.4
41	Cleveland	19.1
42	Detroit	18.9
43	Raleigh	18.6
44	Louisville	18.5
45	Birmingham	18.4
46	Indianapolis	18.0
47	Buffalo	17.7
48	St. Louis	17.7
49	Cincinnati	17.6
50	Pittsburgh	16.5

Housing Plus Transportation Affordability
Transportation and housing costs as a percent of median household income, 2015-2019
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
1	Miami	58
2	Riverside	57
3	Los Angeles	55
4	Orlando	54
5	Memphis	54
6	New Orleans	54
7	Tampa	53
8	San Diego	53
9	Las Vegas	51
10	Sacramento	51
11	Jacksonville	50
12	Birmingham	50
13	San Antonio	50
14	Phoenix	49
15	Oklahoma City	49
16	Cleveland	49
17	Louisville	48
18	Detroit	48
19	Houston	48
20	Charlotte	48
21	Virginia Beach	48
Peer Average		48
22	Philadelphia	47
23	Portland	47
24	Providence	47
25	Atlanta	47
26	Nashville	47
27	Buffalo	47
28	Milwaukee	47
29	Chicago	47
30	Dallas	47
31	New York	46
32	Richmond	46
33	St. Louis	46
34	Cincinnati	46
35	Austin	46
36	Columbus	46
37	Pittsburgh	46
38	Indianapolis	46
39	Kansas City	46
40	Hartford	45
41	Salt Lake City	45
42	Denver	44
43	Seattle	44
44	Boston	44
45	Raleigh	43
46	Baltimore	43
47	San Francisco	42
48	San Jose	42
49	Minneapolis	42
50	Washington, D.C.	39

St. Louis is one of the most racially segregated regions among the peers. The dissimilarity index is a standard measure of segregation. A score of 0 would mean a region is completely integrated and a score of 100 would mean a community is completely segregated. Black residents are much more likely to live in areas of concentrated poverty—where 40 percent or more of the residents live in poverty. See Where We Stand 7th Edition, Update 3 and Update 4 for further discussion.

Racial Segregation
Black-White segregation scores based on the dissimilarity index, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Milwaukee	78.7
2	New York	75.3
3	Chicago	74.2
4	Cleveland	73.1
5	Detroit	72.1
6	St. Louis	70.6
7	Buffalo	69.3
8	Philadelphia	66.8
9	Cincinnati	66.4
10	Los Angeles	65.7
United States		65.6
11	Pittsburgh	64.8
12	Miami	64.6
13	Hartford	64.5
14	Boston	63.7
15	Indianapolis	63.6
16	Denver	63.3
17	Birmingham	62.9
18	Columbus	62.7
19	New Orleans	61.9
20	Baltimore	61.9
21	Washington, D.C.	61.1
22	Memphis	61.0
23	Atlanta	60.4
24	San Francisco	59.9
25	Houston	59.9
26	Louisville	57.8
27	Kansas City	57.7
28	Sacramento	57.7
29	Providence	56.2
30	Minneapolis	56.1
31	Salt Lake City	55.3
32	Dallas	54.8
33	Jacksonville	54.7
34	San Diego	54.2
35	Orlando	53.3
36	Tampa	53.2
37	Nashville	52.9
38	Seattle	52.6
39	Charlotte	52.6
40	Richmond	52.3
41	Oklahoma City	51.5
42	Portland	50.7
43	Phoenix	50.3
44	San Antonio	49.7
45	San Jose	49.7
46	Austin	48.5
47	Virginia Beach	48.2
48	Riverside	48.1
49	Raleigh	42.9
50	Las Vegas	42.3

Concentrated Poverty
Percent of poor residents living in census tracts with a poverty rate of 40% or more, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B17001)
1	Memphis	23.2
2	Milwaukee	20.9
3	Detroit	20.3
4	Cleveland	20.2
5	Buffalo	18.8
6	Cincinnati	17.9
7	New Orleans	17.1
8	Philadelphia	14.8
9	Birmingham	13.7
10	Louisville	13.5
11	New York	13.2
12	Columbus	13.2
13	Houston	10.9
14	Baltimore	9.1
United States		9.0
15	Hartford	8.9
16	Chicago	8.6
17	Indianapolis	8.5
18	Richmond	8.3
19	Jacksonville	8.2
20	St. Louis	8.2
21	Oklahoma City	8.1
22	Austin	7.5
23	Pittsburgh	7.1
24	Dallas	6.9
25	Minneapolis	6.9
26	San Antonio	6.2
27	Atlanta	5.7
28	Virginia Beach	5.6
29	Miami	5.3
30	Kansas City	4.6
31	Sacramento	4.5
32	Charlotte	4.1
33	Las Vegas	4.0
34	Nashville	3.9
35	Phoenix	3.9
36	Tampa	3.8
37	Los Angeles	3.4
38	Boston	3.4
39	San Diego	3.3
40	San Francisco	3.3
41	Orlando	3.2
42	Raleigh	2.8
43	Providence	2.5
44	Washington, D.C.	1.8
45	Seattle	1.7
46	Portland	1.2
47	Riverside	1.0
48	San Jose	0.6
49	Denver	0.3
50	Salt Lake City	0.2

Racial Disparity in Concentrated Poverty
Ratio of black to non-Hispanic white residents, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B17001, B17001B, B17001H)
1	Nashville	24.36
2	Denver	19.03
3	St. Louis	15.39
4	Jacksonville	9.88
5	Chicago	9.00
6	Kansas City	8.71
7	Miami	8.62
8	Birmingham	7.24
9	Hartford	6.97
10	New Orleans	6.68
11	San Jose	6.41
12	Buffalo	6.34
13	Memphis	6.31
14	Baltimore	5.82
15	Virginia Beach	5.49
16	Cleveland	5.12
17	Tampa	4.90
18	Houston	4.63
19	Riverside	4.61
20	Louisville	4.57
21	Dallas	4.52
22	Milwaukee	4.42
23	San Antonio	4.06
24	Richmond	4.00
25	Phoenix	3.88
26	Philadelphia	3.73
27	Atlanta	3.73
28	Charlotte	3.69
29	Detroit	3.66
30	Providence	3.35
31	Boston	3.32
United States		3.01
32	Indianapolis	2.96
33	Pittsburgh	2.91
34	Cincinnati	2.89
35	Orlando	2.83
36	Las Vegas	2.77
37	Los Angeles	2.39
38	Oklahoma City	2.39
39	Washington, D.C.	2.15
40	Minneapolis	2.00
41	Columbus	1.79
42	New York	1.44
43	Seattle	1.07
44	Portland	0.89
45	Austin	0.79
46	San Diego	0.54
47	Sacramento	0.42
48	San Francisco	0.40
49	Raleigh	0.28
50	Salt Lake City	0.00

Transportation

The region’s transportation network provides assets important to the growth of St. Louis, including an extensive road network—serving residents, businesses, and freight—and low congestion relative to the peer regions. The region’s challenges in this section include relatively high crash fatalities and lack of access for non-auto commuters. For further discussion, see the performance indicators in the Connected Theme on OneSTL. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Roads
Congestion
Crash Fatalities
Transit
Access
Commute Mode

St. Louis has an extensive road network with a larger number of lane miles per square mile than the average for the peer regions. Residents in St. Louis drive more miles, on average, than their counterparts in most of the peer regions. The average vehicle miles traveled decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic and has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. The fourth table indicates St. Louis has a relatively large percentage of bridge deck area that is in poor or worse condition.

Road Network
Freeway lane miles per urbanized area square mile, 2022
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Kansas City	3.2
2	San Francisco	3.1
3	Los Angeles	3.1
4	San Jose	3.0
5	San Diego	2.8
6	St. Louis	2.7
7	Nashville	2.6
8	Dallas	2.5
9	Denver	2.4
10	San Antonio	2.4
11	Austin	2.2
12	Houston	2.2
13	Richmond	2.2
14	New York	2.1
15	Salt Lake City	2.1
16	Baltimore	2.1
17	Miami	2.1
18	Columbus	2.1
19	Sacramento	2.0
20	Phoenix	2.0
21	Cleveland	2.0
22	Oklahoma City	2.0
23	Minneapolis	2.0
24	Washington, D.C.	1.9
Peer Average		1.9
25	Birmingham	1.8
26	New Orleans	1.7
27	Buffalo	1.7
28	Seattle	1.7
29	Jacksonville	1.7
30	Riverside	1.7
31	Providence	1.7
32	Virginia Beach	1.6
33	Portland	1.6
34	Cincinnati	1.6
35	Hartford	1.6
36	Las Vegas	1.6
37	Orlando	1.6
38	Milwaukee	1.5
39	Memphis	1.5
40	Pittsburgh	1.5
41	Detroit	1.5
42	Indianapolis	1.5
43	Boston	1.4
44	Raleigh	1.4
45	Louisville	1.4
46	Philadelphia	1.3
47	Charlotte	1.3
48	Chicago	1.2
49	Atlanta	1.1
50	Tampa	1.0

Vehicle Miles Traveled
Average daily VMT per capita on freeways and arterials, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Nashville	26.6
2	Birmingham	24.2
3	Memphis	20.7
4	Kansas City	20.3
5	Richmond	20.2
6	Atlanta	19.8
7	St. Louis	19.5
8	Jacksonville	19.5
9	Raleigh	18.9
10	Charlotte	18.5
11	San Antonio	18.1
12	Oklahoma City	18.1
13	Houston	18.0
14	Dallas	17.7
15	Indianapolis	17.3
16	Cincinnati	16.9
17	Orlando	16.9
18	Hartford	16.5
19	Milwaukee	16.4
20	Minneapolis	16.3
21	Denver	16.2
22	Columbus	16.2
23	Virginia Beach	16.1
Peer Average		16.0
24	Riverside	16.0
25	Phoenix	15.9
26	Austin	15.9
27	Tampa	15.9
28	Salt Lake City	15.8
29	Detroit	15.7
30	San Diego	15.6
31	Los Angeles	15.4
32	Cleveland	15.3
33	Boston	15.3
34	Baltimore	15.1
35	Sacramento	14.3
36	Buffalo	13.7
37	Louisville	13.7
38	Miami	13.7
39	Washington, D.C.	13.5
40	Providence	13.4
41	Pittsburgh	13.2
42	Seattle	13.1
43	Chicago	12.2
44	Las Vegas	12.0
45	Philadelphia	12.0
46	San Francisco	11.9
47	San Jose	11.8
48	Portland	11.7
49	New Orleans	11.1
50	New York	9.0

Change in Vehicle Miles Traveled
Percent change in average daily VMT per capita, 2000-2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Raleigh	39.3
2	Nashville	11.1
3	Buffalo	6.9
4	Memphis	6.6
5	Charlotte	5.1
6	Birmingham	1.3
7	Tampa	0.6
8	Salt Lake City	-2.1
9	San Antonio	-2.2
10	Cleveland	-2.6
11	Milwaukee	-3.5
12	Cincinnati	-5.1
13	Las Vegas	-6.6
14	Phoenix	-7.3
15	St. Louis	-8.2
16	Jacksonville	-8.4
17	Richmond	-9.5
18	Riverside	-9.6
19	Boston	-9.7
20	Kansas City	-9.8
21	Austin	-10.8
22	New Orleans	-12.2
23	Miami	-12.2
24	Philadelphia	-12.3
25	Atlanta	-12.8
Peer Average		-12.9
26	Virginia Beach	-13.1
27	Hartford	-13.4
28	Sacramento	-14.0
29	Baltimore	-15.3
30	Columbus	-15.6
31	Denver	-16.3
32	Houston	-16.8
33	New York	-16.9
34	Pittsburgh	-17.6
35	Detroit	-19.0
36	Chicago	-19.2
37	Providence	-20.2
38	Minneapolis	-20.3
39	San Diego	-20.6
40	Orlando	-20.9
41	San Francisco	-21.0
42	Dallas	-23.5
43	Washington, D.C.	-24.6
44	Los Angeles	-24.9
45	Portland	-25.0
46	Indianapolis	-25.1
47	Oklahoma City	-26.4
48	Seattle	-33.5
49	Louisville	-37.6
50	San Jose	-40.7

Deficient Bridges
Percent of total bridge deck area, 2019
Source: FHWA, National Bridge Inventory
1	Providence	19.0
2	San Francisco	14.7
3	New York	12.6
4	Boston	12.4
5	Chicago	12.2
6	San Jose	11.4
7	New Orleans	10.9
8	Hartford	10.6
9	Birmingham	9.0
10	Detroit	8.9
11	St. Louis	8.8
12	Louisville	8.5
13	Philadelphia	7.5
14	Buffalo	7.5
15	Charlotte	6.4
16	Cleveland	6.4
17	Oklahoma City	6.3
18	Pittsburgh	6.0
19	Kansas City	6.0
20	Virginia Beach	6.0
United States		5.9
21	Seattle	5.6
22	Denver	5.5
23	Riverside	5.3
24	Nashville	5.0
25	Richmond	4.8
26	Raleigh	4.7
27	Milwaukee	4.6
28	Baltimore	4.6
29	Memphis	4.5
30	Los Angeles	4.3
31	Indianapolis	3.7
32	Minneapolis	3.7
33	Portland	3.6
34	San Diego	3.4
35	Cincinnati	3.4
36	Washington, D.C.	3.2
37	Columbus	3.0
38	Sacramento	3.0
39	Dallas	2.0
40	Miami	1.5
41	Atlanta	1.4
42	Jacksonville	0.9
43	Houston	0.9
44	Orlando	0.7
45	Salt Lake City	0.7
46	Las Vegas	0.5
47	Tampa	0.5
48	Phoenix	0.4
49	San Antonio	0.4
50	Austin	0.1

The metrics in this section reflect traffic congestion, the efficiency of the system and freight movement, and protecting the environment. Typically, all of the measures indicate St. Louis has relatively little congestion compared to the peer regions. The data for 2020 show a bit of a different story, but it is too soon to know if this is a change in the trend or a reflection of what happened in one year. The last four tables in this section are measures the state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and transit agencies are required to track, according to federal transportation legislation. The truck travel time reliability is a metric that lacks an intuitive interpretation, but it indicates the region’s highway system is more reliable for moving freight than many of the peers. See Where We Stand 8th Edition, Update 7 for further discussion.

Annual Delay per Auto Traveler
Average hours lost due to congestion per auto traveler, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	New York	56
2	Boston	50
3	Houston	49
4	San Francisco	46
5	Los Angeles	46
6	Washington, D.C.	42
7	Austin	41
8	Dallas	40
9	Chicago	39
10	Sacramento	38
11	Philadelphia	37
12	Atlanta	37
13	Detroit	35
14	Oklahoma City	35
15	Kansas City	34
16	St. Louis	33
17	Providence	33
18	San Antonio	32
19	Minneapolis	32
20	Seattle	31
21	San Jose	31
22	Portland	31
23	Hartford	31
Peer Average		31
24	Buffalo	29
25	Milwaukee	29
26	Cleveland	29
27	Nashville	28
28	Memphis	28
29	Columbus	27
30	Baltimore	27
31	Miami	27
32	Salt Lake City	26
33	Denver	26
34	Indianapolis	26
35	Cincinnati	26
36	New Orleans	26
37	Riverside	25
38	Pittsburgh	25
39	Phoenix	25
40	Richmond	24
41	San Diego	24
42	Charlotte	24
43	Birmingham	23
44	Orlando	22
45	Louisville	22
46	Virginia Beach	22
47	Jacksonville	21
48	Las Vegas	18
49	Tampa	18
50	Raleigh	17

Change in Annual Delay per Auto Traveler
Change in average hours lost due to congestion per auto traveler, 2010-2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Richmond	-4.0
2	Kansas City	-6.0
3	Houston	-6.0
4	Oklahoma City	-8.0
5	Providence	-8.0
6	Austin	-8.0
7	Sacramento	-8.0
8	San Antonio	-10.0
9	St. Louis	-10.0
10	Salt Lake City	-10.0
11	Dallas	-10.0
12	Cleveland	-10.0
13	Milwaukee	-11.0
14	Buffalo	-12.0
15	Birmingham	-12.0
16	Memphis	-12.0
17	Philadelphia	-13.0
18	Pittsburgh	-14.0
19	Columbus	-14.0
20	Cincinnati	-15.0
21	Louisville	-15.0
22	Boston	-15.0
23	Minneapolis	-15.0
24	Hartford	-15.0
25	Virginia Beach	-16.0
26	Indianapolis	-16.0
27	Detroit	-16.0
28	Raleigh	-17.0
29	Nashville	-18.0
Peer Average		-18.7
30	New Orleans	-19.0
31	Jacksonville	-20.0
32	Chicago	-20.0
33	Portland	-20.0
34	Baltimore	-20.0
35	Charlotte	-21.0
36	New York	-22.0
37	Atlanta	-23.0
38	Tampa	-24.0
39	Denver	-24.0
40	Phoenix	-25.0
41	Orlando	-26.0
42	Las Vegas	-26.0
43	Miami	-28.0
44	San Diego	-30.0
45	San Jose	-32.0
46	Riverside	-33.0
47	Seattle	-33.0
48	San Francisco	-44.0
49	Washington, D.C.	-48.0
50	Los Angeles	-51.0

Travel Time Index
Ratio of peak period travel time to free-flow travel time, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	New York	1.17
2	Los Angeles	1.16
3	San Francisco	1.16
4	Houston	1.15
5	Austin	1.13
6	Providence	1.13
7	Washington, D.C.	1.12
8	Detroit	1.12
9	Oklahoma City	1.12
10	Philadelphia	1.12
11	Dallas	1.12
12	San Antonio	1.12
13	San Jose	1.12
14	Boston	1.12
15	Miami	1.11
16	Sacramento	1.11
17	New Orleans	1.11
18	Seattle	1.11
19	Minneapolis	1.11
20	Portland	1.10
21	San Diego	1.10
22	Atlanta	1.10
23	Chicago	1.10
24	Kansas City	1.10
Peer Average		1.09
25	Denver	1.09
26	Memphis	1.08
27	St. Louis	1.08
28	Cleveland	1.08
29	Riverside	1.08
30	Columbus	1.08
31	Pittsburgh	1.08
32	Phoenix	1.08
33	Buffalo	1.08
34	Tampa	1.08
35	Hartford	1.07
36	Orlando	1.07
37	Milwaukee	1.07
38	Richmond	1.07
39	Baltimore	1.07
40	Las Vegas	1.07
41	Virginia Beach	1.06
42	Nashville	1.06
43	Charlotte	1.06
44	Cincinnati	1.06
45	Salt Lake City	1.06
46	Indianapolis	1.06
47	Jacksonville	1.06
48	Birmingham	1.05
49	Louisville	1.05
50	Raleigh	1.05

Commuter Stress Index
Congestion experienced by travelers in peak direction at peak times, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Los Angeles	1.21
2	New York	1.21
3	San Francisco	1.18
4	Houston	1.16
5	Providence	1.15
6	Washington, D.C.	1.14
7	Austin	1.14
8	Dallas	1.14
9	Sacramento	1.13
10	San Antonio	1.13
11	Detroit	1.13
12	Philadelphia	1.13
13	Oklahoma City	1.13
14	Boston	1.13
15	Miami	1.12
16	San Jose	1.12
17	Seattle	1.12
18	Minneapolis	1.12
19	Portland	1.11
20	San Diego	1.11
21	New Orleans	1.11
22	Atlanta	1.11
23	Chicago	1.11
24	Kansas City	1.11
Peer Average		1.11
25	Denver	1.10
26	Phoenix	1.09
27	Riverside	1.09
28	Buffalo	1.09
29	Baltimore	1.09
30	Jacksonville	1.09
31	Tampa	1.09
32	Cleveland	1.09
33	Hartford	1.09
34	Pittsburgh	1.09
35	Columbus	1.09
36	Memphis	1.08
37	Richmond	1.08
38	St. Louis	1.08
39	Orlando	1.08
40	Virginia Beach	1.07
41	Charlotte	1.07
42	Nashville	1.07
43	Cincinnati	1.07
44	Salt Lake City	1.07
45	Milwaukee	1.07
46	Indianapolis	1.07
47	Las Vegas	1.07
48	Birmingham	1.06
49	Louisville	1.06
50	Raleigh	1.05

Congestion Costs
Average annual costs per auto traveler, in 2020 dollars, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	New York	1,322
2	San Francisco	1,301
3	Los Angeles	1,142
4	Boston	1,103
5	Houston	1,097
6	Austin	945
7	Washington, D.C.	905
8	Atlanta	869
9	Chicago	852
10	Dallas	848
11	Sacramento	800
12	Philadelphia	789
13	St. Louis	719
14	San Jose	712
15	Detroit	710
16	Kansas City	694
17	Portland	690
18	Cleveland	686
19	Seattle	685
20	San Antonio	682
Peer Average		672
21	San Diego	665
22	Nashville	659
23	Oklahoma City	656
24	Buffalo	649
25	Columbus	645
26	Providence	630
27	Minneapolis	620
28	Cincinnati	608
29	Miami	608
30	Hartford	606
31	Milwaukee	602
32	New Orleans	597
33	Charlotte	585
34	Pittsburgh	552
35	Baltimore	549
36	Denver	545
37	Salt Lake City	544
38	Birmingham	521
39	Riverside	511
40	Phoenix	489
41	Indianapolis	487
42	Richmond	482
43	Orlando	471
44	Jacksonville	448
45	Memphis	427
46	Tampa	401
47	Virginia Beach	399
48	Louisville	386
49	Las Vegas	363
50	Raleigh	361

Truck Congestion Costs
Average annual costs per 1,000 vehicle miles traveled, in millions of dollars, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	San Francisco	8.6
2	New Orleans	8.3
3	New York	7.6
4	San Jose	6.2
5	Oklahoma City	5.4
6	Chicago	5.3
7	Portland	4.8
8	Houston	4.3
9	Austin	4.3
10	St. Louis	4.2
11	Kansas City	4.2
12	Detroit	4.0
13	Los Angeles	3.9
14	Philadelphia	3.8
15	Boston	3.8
16	Cleveland	3.4
17	Memphis	3.4
Peer Average		3.4
18	Sacramento	3.3
19	San Antonio	3.3
20	Seattle	3.2
21	Milwaukee	3.2
22	Dallas	3.2
23	Louisville	3.1
24	Buffalo	3.1
25	Hartford	3.0
26	Washington, D.C.	3.0
27	Indianapolis	2.9
28	Nashville	2.9
29	Providence	2.9
30	Columbus	2.9
31	Baltimore	2.8
32	Riverside	2.7
33	Pittsburgh	2.7
34	Salt Lake City	2.6
35	Denver	2.5
36	Minneapolis	2.5
37	Atlanta	2.5
38	Miami	2.5
39	Phoenix	2.4
40	Cincinnati	2.3
41	San Diego	2.1
42	Orlando	2.1
43	Las Vegas	2.1
44	Charlotte	2.0
45	Birmingham	1.8
46	Richmond	1.7
47	Tampa	1.7
48	Virginia Beach	1.6
49	Jacksonville	1.3
50	Raleigh	1.1

Peak Hour Excessive Delay
Hours per capita spent on roads with more than normal delay during evening rush hour (3-7 p.m.), 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Los Angeles	32.7
2	Nashville	21.0
3	New York	20.6
4	Seattle	18.9
5	San Francisco	18.3
6	Riverside	16.6
7	Atlanta	14.4
8	Baltimore	13.9
9	San Jose	13.7
10	Houston	13.5
11	Philadelphia	13.1
12	Washington, D.C.	13.1
13	Chicago	12.1
14	San Diego	11.9
15	Denver	11.7
16	Dallas	11.4
17	Austin	11.3
18	San Antonio	10.6
Peer Average		10.3
19	Charlotte	10.0
20	Detroit	9.8
21	Pittsburgh	9.3
22	Las Vegas	9.1
23	Memphis	9.1
24	Sacramento	9.0
25	Louisville	8.4
26	Miami	8.3
27	Buffalo	8.1
28	Portland	7.8
29	Orlando	7.4
30	Cincinnati	6.8
31	Providence	6.7
32	St. Louis	6.6
33	Tampa	6.5
34	Hartford	5.7
35	Virginia Beach	5.2
36	Cleveland	5.0
37	Raleigh	5.0
38	Jacksonville	4.7
39	Phoenix	4.2
40	Columbus	3.6
41	Kansas City	3.5
42	Minneapolis	3.2
43	Indianapolis	3.0

Interstate Travel Time Reliability
Percent of person-miles traveled on interstates that are reliable, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Cleveland	98.9
2	Memphis	98.7
3	Richmond	98.7
4	Buffalo	98.6
5	St. Louis	98.0
6	Columbus	97.3
7	Kansas City	97.0
8	Louisville	96.9
9	Birmingham	96.5
10	Raleigh	96.2
11	Salt Lake City	94.8
12	Hartford	94.6
13	Pittsburgh	94.5
14	Detroit	93.5
15	Jacksonville	92.0
16	Minneapolis	90.9
17	Cincinnati	90.6
18	Charlotte	90.6
19	Sacramento	90.1
20	Providence	89.8
21	Virginia Beach	89.2
22	Baltimore	87.6
23	Milwaukee	87.6
24	Indianapolis	87.5
25	Oklahoma City	85.2
26	Nashville	84.3
27	San Jose	84.2
Peer Average		83.4
28	Miami	80.1
29	San Diego	79.9
30	Philadelphia	79.8
31	San Antonio	79.2
32	New York	78.6
33	New Orleans	77.9
34	Boston	77.4
35	Houston	75.9
36	Las Vegas	75.7
37	Riverside	75.4
38	Tampa	75.3
39	Chicago	74.4
40	Dallas	74.2
41	San Francisco	73.0
42	Washington, D.C.	70.7
43	Atlanta	70.6
44	Portland	69.3
45	Austin	68.8
46	Denver	68.8
47	Seattle	65.4
48	Orlando	63.3
49	Phoenix	59.5
50	Los Angeles	53.0

Non-Interstate Travel Time Reliability
Percent of person-miles traveled on non-interstates that are reliable, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Oklahoma City	97.7
2	Miami	97.6
3	Raleigh	96.0
4	Orlando	95.9
5	Buffalo	95.8
6	Tampa	94.7
7	Memphis	94.7
8	Indianapolis	94.7
9	Minneapolis	94.6
10	Jacksonville	94.4
11	Kansas City	94.1
12	Denver	93.9
13	Virginia Beach	93.8
14	Chicago	93.5
15	Hartford	93.3
16	Columbus	93.2
17	Detroit	93.0
18	Cleveland	93.0
19	St. Louis	92.9
20	Las Vegas	92.8
21	Philadelphia	92.8
22	Providence	92.0
23	Milwaukee	91.9
24	Pittsburgh	91.8
25	Cincinnati	90.7
26	Washington, D.C.	90.7
27	Baltimore	90.4
28	Nashville	89.6
Peer Average		89.5
29	Austin	89.0
30	Phoenix	88.5
31	Atlanta	88.4
32	Salt Lake City	88.3
33	Sacramento	88.0
34	Houston	87.3
35	Portland	86.3
36	Charlotte	85.8
37	New Orleans	85.6
38	Louisville	85.5
39	Birmingham	85.4
40	Boston	84.8
41	Richmond	84.6
42	Dallas	84.1
43	San Jose	83.9
44	New York	83.6
45	San Francisco	82.7
46	San Diego	82.4
47	Seattle	82.1
48	San Antonio	78.5
49	Riverside	76.9
50	Los Angeles	76.0

Truck Travel Time Reliability Index
2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Seattle	2.47
2	Washington, D.C.	2.43
3	Los Angeles	2.37
4	Orlando	2.36
5	Phoenix	2.28
6	Portland	2.19
7	Atlanta	2.17
8	Houston	2.13
9	New York	2.06
10	Riverside	2.05
11	Dallas	2.04
12	New Orleans	2.04
13	San Francisco	2.03
14	Miami	1.99
15	San Diego	1.97
16	Denver	1.94
17	Austin	1.90
18	Virginia Beach	1.87
19	Boston	1.85
20	Memphis	1.85
21	Chicago	1.84
22	Philadelphia	1.76
Peer Average		1.76
23	Oklahoma City	1.75
24	San Jose	1.74
25	Tampa	1.70
26	San Antonio	1.68
27	Las Vegas	1.68
28	Baltimore	1.68
29	Sacramento	1.66
30	Nashville	1.65
31	Cincinnati	1.61
32	Louisville	1.58
33	Providence	1.57
34	Detroit	1.54
35	Milwaukee	1.53
36	Indianapolis	1.52
37	Charlotte	1.52
38	Minneapolis	1.51
39	Jacksonville	1.50
40	Birmingham	1.48
41	Salt Lake City	1.44
42	Raleigh	1.42
43	Hartford	1.40
44	Pittsburgh	1.39
45	Kansas City	1.36
46	St. Louis	1.33
47	Columbus	1.28
48	Richmond	1.26
49	Buffalo	1.24
50	Cleveland	1.23

Each year, thousands of people die in motor vehicle crashes in the United States. Based on data for urbanized areas, St. Louis is about average for overall crash fatality rates among the peers. The region’s fatality rates for crashes associated with speed and associated with alcohol are particularly high relative to the peers. The region is closer to the national average on crash fatalities associated with distracted driving. See Where We Stand 7th Edition, Update 9 for further discussion. See Where We Stand 7th Edition Update, 9 for further discussion.

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Memphis	2.09
2	Tampa	1.78
3	Miami	1.63
4	Louisville	1.54
5	Sacramento	1.46
6	Jacksonville	1.43
7	Riverside	1.43
8	New Orleans	1.33
9	Virginia Beach	1.29
10	Phoenix	1.24
11	Orlando	1.24
12	Las Vegas	1.18
13	Houston	1.17
14	Oklahoma City	1.12
15	San Antonio	1.12
16	Chicago	1.11
17	Hartford	1.11
18	Philadelphia	1.10
19	Dallas	1.08
20	Atlanta	1.07
21	St. Louis	1.06
Peer Average		1.04
22	Columbus	1.04
23	San Diego	1.04
24	Richmond	1.00
25	Detroit	1.00
26	Los Angeles	0.99
27	Austin	0.99
28	Indianapolis	0.96
29	Denver	0.94
30	Portland	0.92
31	Seattle	0.92
32	Cleveland	0.91
33	Kansas City	0.90
34	Buffalo	0.90
35	New York	0.88
36	Charlotte	0.88
37	Baltimore	0.87
38	Nashville	0.84
39	Birmingham	0.84
40	Milwaukee	0.82
41	Washington, D.C.	0.81
42	San Jose	0.78
43	Cincinnati	0.77
44	Salt Lake City	0.76
45	Pittsburgh	0.75
46	Providence	0.72
47	San Francisco	0.69
48	Minneapolis	0.63
49	Boston	0.59
50	Raleigh	0.58

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Speed
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Riverside	0.58
2	Sacramento	0.52
3	Virginia Beach	0.51
4	St. Louis	0.49
5	Dallas	0.46
6	Chicago	0.46
7	Phoenix	0.44
8	Los Angeles	0.42
9	Houston	0.40
10	Memphis	0.39
11	Kansas City	0.39
12	Las Vegas	0.37
13	Cleveland	0.36
14	Austin	0.36
15	San Antonio	0.36
16	Milwaukee	0.36
17	Hartford	0.36
18	Philadelphia	0.35
19	Louisville	0.34
20	San Diego	0.33
21	Charlotte	0.32
Peer Average		0.32
22	New Orleans	0.31
23	Richmond	0.31
24	Indianapolis	0.30
25	Detroit	0.30
26	Buffalo	0.29
27	Washington, D.C.	0.29
28	Baltimore	0.28
29	Minneapolis	0.27
30	San Jose	0.27
31	San Francisco	0.27
32	Seattle	0.27
33	Salt Lake City	0.26
34	Denver	0.26
35	Oklahoma City	0.26
36	New York	0.25
37	Providence	0.25
38	Portland	0.25
39	Columbus	0.24
40	Atlanta	0.24
41	Raleigh	0.23
42	Miami	0.22
43	Pittsburgh	0.22
44	Tampa	0.21
45	Cincinnati	0.18
46	Nashville	0.18
47	Birmingham	0.16
48	Boston	0.16
49	Jacksonville	0.10
50	Orlando	0.07

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Distracted Drivers
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Chicago	0.28
2	Orlando	0.22
3	San Antonio	0.22
4	Tampa	0.18
5	Louisville	0.18
6	Virginia Beach	0.16
7	New Orleans	0.16
8	Memphis	0.15
9	Seattle	0.13
10	New York	0.13
11	Oklahoma City	0.13
12	Austin	0.12
13	Richmond	0.12
14	Buffalo	0.10
15	St. Louis	0.10
16	Phoenix	0.09
17	Miami	0.09
Peer Average		0.08
18	Philadelphia	0.08
19	Denver	0.07
20	Cincinnati	0.07
21	Washington, D.C.	0.07
22	Dallas	0.07
23	Charlotte	0.06
24	Salt Lake City	0.06
25	Indianapolis	0.06
26	Birmingham	0.06
27	Portland	0.05
28	Hartford	0.05
29	San Jose	0.05
30	Raleigh	0.05
31	Kansas City	0.05
32	Boston	0.05
33	Cleveland	0.04
34	Riverside	0.04
35	Houston	0.04
36	Providence	0.04
37	San Diego	0.04
38	Sacramento	0.04
39	Jacksonville	0.04
40	Pittsburgh	0.04
41	Minneapolis	0.03
42	Detroit	0.03
43	Baltimore	0.03
44	Columbus	0.03
45	Nashville	0.03
46	Atlanta	0.03
47	Los Angeles	0.02
48	San Francisco	0.02
49	Las Vegas	0.01
50	Milwaukee	0.01

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Alcohol
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Louisville	0.44
2	Memphis	0.44
3	Jacksonville	0.43
4	St. Louis	0.41
5	Las Vegas	0.37
6	New Orleans	0.37
7	Virginia Beach	0.36
8	Houston	0.35
9	San Antonio	0.34
10	Hartford	0.33
11	Cleveland	0.32
12	Tampa	0.31
13	Sacramento	0.30
14	Columbus	0.29
15	Denver	0.29
16	Providence	0.27
17	Baltimore	0.26
18	Charlotte	0.26
19	Kansas City	0.26
20	Dallas	0.25
21	Austin	0.24
22	Indianapolis	0.23
23	Cincinnati	0.22
24	Orlando	0.20
Peer Average		0.20
25	Richmond	0.20
26	Portland	0.20
27	Oklahoma City	0.19
28	Seattle	0.19
29	Philadelphia	0.19
30	Detroit	0.19
31	Riverside	0.18
32	Boston	0.18
33	Washington, D.C.	0.18
34	Chicago	0.17
35	San Jose	0.16
36	Nashville	0.15
37	Minneapolis	0.15
38	Phoenix	0.14
39	Atlanta	0.14
40	Salt Lake City	0.13
41	New York	0.12
42	San Francisco	0.11
43	Miami	0.11
44	San Diego	0.11
45	Los Angeles	0.11
46	Pittsburgh	0.09
47	Buffalo	0.09
48	Raleigh	0.07
49	Birmingham	0.07
50	Milwaukee	0.02

The St. Louis transit system ranks about in the middle among the peers for total ridership, the utility of the system, and the amount of funding spent on the system. Regions with more extensive transit systems tend to be more densely populated. The range among the peer regions is considerable on these metrics. For further discussion, see the Transit Ridership performance indicator on OneSTL.

Transit Ridership
Annual transit boardings per capita, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	New York	144.2
2	San Francisco	53.6
3	Boston	47.5
4	Seattle	36.7
5	Washington, D.C.	36.7
Peer Average		35.1
6	Chicago	33.0
7	Philadelphia	32.7
8	Los Angeles	29.0
9	Portland	26.8
10	Salt Lake City	26.7
11	Baltimore	23.8
12	Denver	22.9
13	San Diego	21.0
14	Pittsburgh	19.3
15	Las Vegas	19.2
16	Minneapolis	15.7
17	Milwaukee	15.2
18	Miami	14.6
19	New Orleans	14.4
20	Buffalo	13.9
21	San Antonio	12.6
22	Hartford	12.3
23	Cleveland	11.5
24	Austin	11.3
25	Atlanta	10.6
26	Houston	9.9
27	San Jose	9.7
28	Charlotte	9.5
29	Orlando	9.5
30	St. Louis	9.1
31	Phoenix	9.0
32	Richmond	8.5
33	Dallas	8.3
34	Providence	8.0
35	Kansas City	7.5
36	Cincinnati	7.5
37	Tampa	7.4
38	Sacramento	6.7
39	Columbus	6.6
40	Raleigh	6.6
41	Nashville	5.7
42	Louisville	5.6
43	Jacksonville	4.9
44	Virginia Beach	4.5
45	Riverside	4.2
46	Detroit	3.7
47	Indianapolis	3.6
48	Memphis	2.8
49	Oklahoma City	2.7
50	Birmingham	2.4

Change in Transit Ridership
Percent change in annual transit boardings, 2019-2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	Richmond	-7.5
2	Kansas City	-19.7
3	Oklahoma City	-20.6
4	Raleigh	-24.0
5	Tampa	-26.6
6	New Orleans	-27.3
7	Cincinnati	-28.7
8	Miami	-28.9
9	Salt Lake City	-29.4
10	Orlando	-33.6
11	San Diego	-33.9
12	Austin	-34.3
13	Los Angeles	-34.6
14	New York	-34.7
15	Hartford	-35.6
16	Las Vegas	-35.9
17	Houston	-36.3
18	Nashville	-36.4
19	Milwaukee	-36.8
20	Dallas	-38.2
21	Indianapolis	-38.8
Peer Average		-40.0
22	Cleveland	-40.3
23	San Antonio	-40.9
24	Providence	-41.1
25	Denver	-41.8
26	Seattle	-42.3
27	Philadelphia	-43.6
28	Boston	-44.7
29	Birmingham	-45.0
30	Buffalo	-45.1
31	Sacramento	-45.8
32	Baltimore	-46.0
33	Columbus	-46.8
34	Charlotte	-47.2
35	Jacksonville	-47.4
36	Chicago	-48.3
37	Portland	-48.8
38	St. Louis	-49.2
39	Pittsburgh	-49.5
40	Minneapolis	-50.0
41	Phoenix	-50.5
42	San Jose	-51.3
43	Virginia Beach	-51.5
44	Riverside	-52.4
45	Washington, D.C.	-53.7
46	Louisville	-53.8
47	Memphis	-54.0
48	Atlanta	-56.5
49	San Francisco	-58.0
50	Detroit	-60.4

Change in Transit Ridership
Percent change in annual transit boardings, 2021-2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	San Francisco	70.9
2	Washington, D.C.	69.4
3	Boston	67.0
4	Philadelphia	61.4
5	Raleigh	55.2
6	New Orleans	50.3
7	San Jose	47.3
8	Nashville	45.6
9	San Diego	44.6
10	Charlotte	43.1
11	Pittsburgh	42.4
12	Sacramento	40.9
13	Los Angeles	33.8
Peer Average		33.8
14	New York	33.6
15	Seattle	33.5
16	Salt Lake City	31.2
17	Riverside	30.8
18	Houston	27.5
19	Chicago	26.1
20	Denver	25.6
21	Portland	23.6
22	Minneapolis	23.2
23	Las Vegas	22.9
24	Providence	22.2
25	Austin	21.5
26	Baltimore	20.2
27	Cleveland	20.2
28	Orlando	19.3
29	Oklahoma City	17.7
30	Milwaukee	17.6
31	Kansas City	17.3
32	Dallas	17.2
33	Buffalo	16.2
34	Miami	15.6
35	Detroit	14.6
36	Louisville	13.4
37	Columbus	12.7
38	Indianapolis	10.9
39	Birmingham	10.6
40	Atlanta	10.4
41	Hartford	10.4
42	Richmond	10.1
43	St. Louis	7.1
44	Cincinnati	6.6
45	San Antonio	4.7
46	Jacksonville	3.2
47	Memphis	1.4
48	Virginia Beach	-1.2
49	Tampa	-4.0
50	Phoenix	-30.7

Transit Utility
Ratio of annual passenger miles traveled per square mile of urbanized land area, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	New York	4,435,759
2	San Francisco	2,054,293
3	Los Angeles	922,432
4	Salt Lake City	817,160
5	Seattle	766,160
6	Chicago	710,556
7	Washington, D.C.	672,071
Peer Average		621,556
8	San Diego	615,043
9	Denver	570,175
10	Boston	532,121
11	Baltimore	464,310
12	Philadelphia	443,795
13	Portland	434,995
14	Miami	430,311
15	Las Vegas	382,402
16	San Jose	327,420
17	Minneapolis	211,300
18	Houston	203,988
19	San Antonio	200,034
20	Austin	173,966
21	New Orleans	172,253
22	Dallas	168,385
23	Orlando	167,651
24	Phoenix	156,793
25	Milwaukee	154,485
26	Pittsburgh	150,178
27	Sacramento	139,303
28	Hartford	138,615
29	Atlanta	134,973
30	Cleveland	134,850
31	St. Louis	131,275
32	Buffalo	123,411
33	Tampa	116,672
34	Riverside	115,544
35	Providence	105,287
36	Charlotte	93,238
37	Cincinnati	87,378
38	Columbus	87,308
39	Richmond	85,266
40	Virginia Beach	72,957
41	Detroit	72,417
42	Nashville	64,441
43	Kansas City	62,923
44	Jacksonville	58,738
45	Louisville	53,901
46	Indianapolis	46,018
47	Raleigh	42,369
48	Memphis	31,943
49	Oklahoma City	29,795
50	Birmingham	24,442

Transit Expenditures
Annual operating expenses per capita, in dollars, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	New York	870
2	San Francisco	730
3	Washington, D.C.	532
4	Seattle	511
5	Baltimore	411
6	Boston	409
7	Salt Lake City	357
8	Chicago	312
Peer Average		299
9	Portland	291
10	Pittsburgh	279
11	Philadelphia	276
12	Los Angeles	254
13	Denver	248
14	San Jose	231
15	Hartford	209
16	Minneapolis	200
17	New Orleans	169
18	Miami	169
19	Austin	158
20	Cleveland	153
21	Buffalo	146
22	San Diego	142
23	St. Louis	137
24	Charlotte	136
25	Sacramento	134
26	Milwaukee	132
27	Dallas	123
28	Atlanta	119
29	Houston	115
30	Orlando	114
31	Las Vegas	114
32	San Antonio	112
33	Jacksonville	102
34	Phoenix	101
35	Providence	99
36	Cincinnati	99
37	Louisville	94
38	Columbus	94
39	Tampa	76
40	Kansas City	76
41	Nashville	71
42	Virginia Beach	70
43	Riverside	70
44	Indianapolis	67
45	Richmond	62
46	Detroit	61
47	Raleigh	57
48	Memphis	57
49	Birmingham	45
50	Oklahoma City	37

The measures in this section indicate that St. Louis is about average with respect to how efficiently people can reach destinations when considering time, distance, and cost. The region has shorter than average commute times, a higher Walk Score for the city of St. Louis than is average among the largest cities of the peer regions, and below average number of flight departures. Residents in St. Louis who do not have access to a vehicle are limited in the destinations they can reach. Black households are far more likely to have this barrier. For further discussion see the Employment Transit Access and the Residential Transit Access performance indicators on OneSTL.

No-Vehicle Households
Households without access to a vehicle as a percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25045)
1	New York	30.5
2	Chicago	12.6
3	Boston	12.5
4	Philadelphia	12.3
5	San Francisco	11.8
6	Buffalo	11.5
7	Washington, D.C.	10.3
8	Baltimore	10.1
9	Hartford	9.7
10	Providence	9.7
11	Pittsburgh	9.6
12	Milwaukee	9.5
13	New Orleans	9.1
14	Cleveland	9.0
15	Seattle	8.7
United States		8.3
16	Miami	8.1
17	Portland	7.9
18	Memphis	7.9
19	Detroit	7.8
20	Los Angeles	7.7
21	Las Vegas	7.7
22	St. Louis	7.5
23	Minneapolis	7.0
24	Cincinnati	6.9
25	Louisville	6.8
26	San Jose	6.3
27	Columbus	6.3
28	Richmond	6.2
29	Indianapolis	6.1
30	Virginia Beach	6.1
31	Kansas City	6.0
32	Houston	5.9
33	Denver	5.9
34	Sacramento	5.8
35	San Antonio	5.7
36	Tampa	5.7
37	Jacksonville	5.4
38	Orlando	5.4
39	Atlanta	5.3
40	Oklahoma City	5.2
41	San Diego	5.1
42	Birmingham	5.1
43	Austin	4.8
44	Dallas	4.8
45	Phoenix	4.7
46	Salt Lake City	4.7
47	Charlotte	4.3
48	Riverside	4.3
49	Raleigh	4.1
50	Nashville	4.0

Racial Disparity in No-Vehicle Households
Ratio of non-Hispanic Black to non-Hispanic White, percent of households without access to a vehicle, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Cincinnati	4.52
2	Hartford	4.15
3	St. Louis	4.02
4	Pittsburgh	3.92
5	Buffalo	3.89
6	Minneapolis	3.81
7	Denver	3.59
8	Milwaukee	3.58
9	Louisville	3.54
10	Indianapolis	3.50
11	Charlotte	3.46
12	Detroit	3.42
13	Cleveland	3.37
14	Baltimore	3.37
15	Nashville	3.34
16	Virginia Beach	3.33
17	Memphis	3.33
18	New Orleans	3.30
19	Philadelphia	3.29
20	Kansas City	3.29
21	Jacksonville	3.26
22	Richmond	3.00
23	Birmingham	2.97
24	Orlando	2.94
25	Boston	2.88
26	Dallas	2.83
27	Chicago	2.77
28	Columbus	2.72
United States		2.72
29	Atlanta	2.65
30	San Antonio	2.64
31	Oklahoma City	2.61
32	Houston	2.54
33	Portland	2.54
34	Las Vegas	2.48
35	Phoenix	2.46
36	Raleigh	2.44
37	Seattle	2.40
38	Los Angeles	2.39
39	Riverside	2.38
40	San Diego	2.30
41	Sacramento	2.21
42	Austin	2.16
43	San Francisco	2.10
44	Tampa	2.04
45	Washington, D.C.	2.00
46	New York	2.00
47	Miami	1.73
48	Providence	1.72

Average Commute Time
In minutes, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08013, B08302)
1	New York	35.8
2	Riverside	32.6
3	Washington, D.C.	32.3
4	Atlanta	30.9
5	San Francisco	30.2
6	Chicago	30.2
7	Boston	30.1
8	Houston	30.0
9	Miami	29.5
10	Los Angeles	29.2
11	Baltimore	29.0
12	Philadelphia	28.6
13	Seattle	28.5
14	Tampa	28.5
15	Orlando	28.4
16	Dallas	27.7
17	Nashville	27.1
18	San Antonio	27.0
19	Sacramento	26.8
20	Denver	26.8
21	Birmingham	26.7
22	Raleigh	26.6
23	Austin	26.4
United States		26.4
24	Providence	26.4
25	New Orleans	26.4
26	Pittsburgh	26.3
27	Charlotte	26.3
28	Detroit	26.0
29	Jacksonville	25.8
30	San Jose	25.8
31	Phoenix	25.8
32	Indianapolis	25.6
33	San Diego	25.5
34	Cincinnati	25.2
35	Virginia Beach	24.9
36	St. Louis	24.8
37	Portland	24.8
38	Richmond	24.8
39	Las Vegas	24.6
40	Hartford	24.5
41	Cleveland	24.2
42	Oklahoma City	24.1
43	Minneapolis	24.0
44	Memphis	23.9
45	Louisville	23.8
46	Columbus	23.5
47	Kansas City	22.8
48	Salt Lake City	22.8
49	Milwaukee	22.5
50	Buffalo	21.8

Transportation Expenses
As a percent of median household income, 2011-2015
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
1	Memphis	27
2	Riverside	27
3	Birmingham	26
4	Oklahoma City	26
5	Orlando	26
6	Louisville	25
7	New Orleans	25
8	Indianapolis	25
9	Nashville	25
10	Charlotte	25
11	San Antonio	25
12	Tampa	25
13	Miami	24
14	Cleveland	24
15	Phoenix	24
16	Jacksonville	24
17	Las Vegas	24
18	Buffalo	24
19	Sacramento	24
20	Salt Lake City	23
21	Pittsburgh	23
22	St. Louis	23
23	Atlanta	23
24	Cincinnati	23
25	Kansas City	23
26	Columbus	23
27	Detroit	23
28	Milwaukee	22
29	Raleigh	22
30	Los Angeles	22
31	San Diego	22
32	Houston	22
33	Portland	22
34	Dallas	22
Peer Average		21
35	Virginia Beach	21
36	Richmond	21
37	Austin	21
38	Providence	21
39	Minneapolis	20
40	Denver	20
41	Philadelphia	20
42	Chicago	20
43	Hartford	19
44	Seattle	19
45	Baltimore	18
46	Boston	17
47	San Francisco	16
48	San Jose	16
49	New York	15
50	Washington, D.C.	14

Walk Score of Largest City
2018
Source: Walk Score
1	New York	89.2
2	San Francisco	86.0
3	Boston	80.9
4	Miami	79.2
5	Philadelphia	79.0
6	Providence	79.0
7	Chicago	77.8
8	Washington, D.C.	77.3
9	Seattle	73.1
10	Hartford	71.0
11	Baltimore	69.4
12	Minneapolis	69.2
13	Buffalo	67.8
14	Los Angeles	67.4
15	Portland	64.7
16	St. Louis	64.5
17	Milwaukee	62.1
18	Pittsburgh	61.9
Peer Average		61.6
19	Denver	60.5
20	Cleveland	59.5
21	New Orleans	57.6
22	Salt Lake City	57.0
23	Detroit	55.4
24	Richmond	51.4
25	San Diego	50.9
26	San Jose	50.5
27	Cincinnati	50.4
28	Tampa	50.0
29	Atlanta	49.2
30	Houston	48.7
31	Sacramento	47.1
32	Dallas	46.2
33	Orlando	42.1
34	Riverside	41.3
35	Las Vegas	41.1
36	Phoenix	40.8
37	Columbus	40.7
38	Austin	40.3
39	San Antonio	37.6
40	Memphis	36.8
41	Birmingham	35.4
42	Kansas City	34.2
43	Louisville	33.3
44	Oklahoma City	33.1
45	Virginia Beach	32.9
46	Raleigh	30.1
47	Indianapolis	29.8
48	Nashville	28.3
49	Jacksonville	26.8
50	Charlotte	25.9

Daily Flight Departures
Average number of scheduled passenger departures from area airports, 2023
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Statistics
1	New York	1,558
2	Chicago	1,128
3	Dallas	1,123
4	Atlanta	1,013
5	Denver	874
6	Los Angeles	868
7	Miami	840
8	Houston	683
9	Charlotte	657
10	Washington, D.C.	651
11	Seattle	586
12	San Francisco	579
13	Phoenix	554
14	Las Vegas	538
15	Orlando	522
16	Boston	463
17	Minneapolis	402
18	Detroit	377
Peer Average		373
19	Philadelphia	352
20	Salt Lake City	326
21	Baltimore	278
22	Nashville	274
23	Austin	269
24	Tampa	261
25	San Diego	260
26	Memphis	254
27	Portland	208
28	Louisville	200
29	St. Louis	198
30	Raleigh	178
31	Indianapolis	168
32	Sacramento	158
33	San Jose	150
34	New Orleans	146
35	Riverside	144
36	Kansas City	142
37	Pittsburgh	136
38	Cincinnati	133
39	Columbus	125
40	Cleveland	123
41	San Antonio	118
42	Jacksonville	90
43	Milwaukee	86
44	Hartford	74
45	Richmond	73
46	Virginia Beach	71
47	Providence	70
48	Buffalo	68
49	Oklahoma City	66
50	Birmingham	50

Change in Daily Flight Departures
Percent change, 2018-2023
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Statistics
1	Austin	45.2
2	Nashville	26.7
3	Orlando	18.5
4	Riverside	16.5
5	Las Vegas	14.7
6	Denver	12.4
7	Louisville	8.1
8	Tampa	5.1
9	Dallas	3.9
10	Phoenix	3.2
11	Sacramento	3.1
12	Miami	0.5
13	New York	-0.9
14	Seattle	-2.2
15	San Antonio	-3.4
16	Memphis	-3.8
17	Washington, D.C.	-4.9
18	San Diego	-5.2
19	Raleigh	-6.2
20	Jacksonville	-6.3
21	New Orleans	-6.6
22	Oklahoma City	-6.8
23	Salt Lake City	-6.8
Peer Average		-7.0
24	Charlotte	-7.9
25	Houston	-9.1
26	Indianapolis	-11.2
27	Columbus	-11.2
28	Kansas City	-12.5
29	Boston	-12.9
30	Richmond	-13.2
31	Atlanta	-13.8
32	Birmingham	-14.0
33	Baltimore	-14.1
34	Cincinnati	-15.2
35	Virginia Beach	-15.3
36	Los Angeles	-16.1
37	Cleveland	-16.4
38	San Jose	-17.0
39	Chicago	-19.6
40	San Francisco	-19.7
41	Hartford	-19.9
42	Pittsburgh	-20.1
43	St. Louis	-21.2
44	Minneapolis	-21.4
45	Milwaukee	-21.8
46	Portland	-22.4
47	Buffalo	-22.8
48	Providence	-23.1
49	Detroit	-26.7
50	Philadelphia	-26.8

The most popular mode of commuting to work in all of the peer regions is by car. Providing more transportation choices can have environmental benefits, increase physical activity, and reduce traffic congestion. The St. Louis region’s long-range transportation plan includes a goal to increase non-single occupancy travel (SOV); St. Louis has a lower rate on this metric than many of the peer regions. See the Transportation Choice performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Workers Who Commute by Driving Alone
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	Birmingham	77.4
2	Oklahoma City	77.2
3	Virginia Beach	76.1
4	Memphis	76.1
5	Riverside	73.9
6	Louisville	73.7
7	St. Louis	73.6
8	Providence	73.5
9	New Orleans	73.5
10	Kansas City	73.1
11	Detroit	72.6
12	Indianapolis	72.6
13	Milwaukee	72.6
14	Cincinnati	72.5
15	Buffalo	72.4
16	Cleveland	72.1
17	Houston	71.4
18	Hartford	70.2
19	Las Vegas	70.0
20	Columbus	69.7
21	Nashville	69.5
22	Jacksonville	69.4
23	Dallas	69.2
24	Richmond	69.1
25	Miami	68.8
26	San Antonio	68.7
United States		68.7
27	Pittsburgh	68.3
28	Baltimore	67.9
29	Orlando	67.5
30	Minneapolis	66.4
31	Tampa	66.4
32	Atlanta	66.1
33	Charlotte	66.0
34	Sacramento	66.0
35	San Diego	65.8
36	Salt Lake City	65.6
37	Los Angeles	65.2
38	Raleigh	63.9
39	Phoenix	63.8
40	Philadelphia	63.4
41	Denver	63.0
42	Chicago	62.9
43	Portland	60.8
44	Austin	60.3
45	San Jose	59.8
46	Boston	57.4
47	Seattle	57.0
48	Washington, D.C.	55.6
49	San Francisco	49.7
50	New York	44.7

Workers Who Commute by Carpool
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	San Antonio	11.4
2	Riverside	11.2
3	Salt Lake City	10.7
4	Houston	10.6
5	Las Vegas	10.5
6	Phoenix	9.8
7	Los Angeles	9.7
8	Memphis	9.6
9	Miami	9.3
10	Orlando	9.3
11	Dallas	9.1
12	Indianapolis	9.0
13	Sacramento	9.0
14	San Jose	8.9
15	Louisville	8.8
16	Oklahoma City	8.7
United States		8.6
17	Atlanta	8.6
18	San Diego	8.5
19	Birmingham	8.4
20	Charlotte	8.3
21	New Orleans	8.2
22	Tampa	8.2
23	Jacksonville	8.2
24	Providence	8.2
25	San Francisco	8.2
26	Virginia Beach	8.1
27	Seattle	8.0
28	Chicago	7.9
29	Cincinnati	7.9
30	Buffalo	7.8
31	Hartford	7.7
32	Washington, D.C.	7.7
33	Richmond	7.6
34	Nashville	7.6
35	Columbus	7.6
36	Milwaukee	7.5
37	Denver	7.4
38	Detroit	7.3
39	Portland	7.3
40	Baltimore	7.2
41	Minneapolis	7.0
42	Austin	7.0
43	Cleveland	6.9
44	Pittsburgh	6.8
45	Philadelphia	6.8
46	Raleigh	6.6
47	New York	6.5
48	Boston	6.4
49	Kansas City	6.4
50	St. Louis	6.3

Workers Who Commute by Public Transportation
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	New York	23.8
2	Boston	8.0
3	San Francisco	7.8
4	Chicago	7.0
5	Washington, D.C.	6.0
6	Philadelphia	5.7
7	Seattle	4.6
8	Baltimore	3.2
9	Los Angeles	3.1
United States		3.1
10	Pittsburgh	3.0
11	Portland	2.9
12	Buffalo	2.6
13	Hartford	2.4
14	Miami	2.4
15	Las Vegas	2.3
16	Denver	2.2
17	San Diego	2.0
18	San Jose	2.0
19	Minneapolis	2.0
20	Milwaukee	1.8
21	Cleveland	1.7
22	New Orleans	1.6
23	Salt Lake City	1.6
24	San Antonio	1.4
25	Houston	1.4
26	Atlanta	1.4
27	Providence	1.4
28	Cincinnati	1.3
29	St. Louis	1.2
30	Columbus	1.2
31	Austin	1.1
32	Orlando	1.0
33	Sacramento	0.9
34	Phoenix	0.9
35	Detroit	0.8
36	Charlotte	0.8
37	Riverside	0.7
38	Louisville	0.7
39	Richmond	0.7
40	Nashville	0.7
41	Virginia Beach	0.7
42	Tampa	0.7
43	Dallas	0.6
44	Indianapolis	0.6
45	Kansas City	0.5
46	Jacksonville	0.5
47	Birmingham	0.5
48	Raleigh	0.4
49	Oklahoma City	0.4
50	Memphis	0.3

Workers Who Work at Home
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	Austin	28.0
2	San Francisco	27.0
3	Raleigh	26.1
4	Washington, D.C.	25.4
5	Seattle	25.4
6	San Jose	24.4
7	Denver	23.7
8	Portland	23.3
9	Charlotte	22.3
10	Phoenix	21.7
11	Tampa	21.2
12	Atlanta	21.0
13	Minneapolis	20.9
14	Boston	20.8
15	Sacramento	19.8
16	Nashville	19.4
17	Orlando	19.1
18	Salt Lake City	18.9
19	Jacksonville	18.9
20	Richmond	18.7
21	Philadelphia	18.6
22	San Diego	18.6
23	Columbus	18.4
24	Dallas	18.3
25	Baltimore	18.1
26	Kansas City	17.7
27	Chicago	17.4
28	Pittsburgh	17.4
29	Los Angeles	17.2
30	Hartford	16.6
31	Detroit	16.4
32	New York	16.3
33	St. Louis	16.0
34	Cleveland	15.5
United States		15.2
35	Cincinnati	15.1
36	Indianapolis	15.1
37	Miami	14.9
38	San Antonio	14.8
39	Milwaukee	14.6
40	Louisville	13.7
41	Houston	13.0
42	Las Vegas	12.9
43	Buffalo	12.8
44	Providence	12.7
45	Birmingham	11.8
46	Riverside	11.3
47	New Orleans	11.3
48	Virginia Beach	11.1
49	Memphis	11.1
50	Oklahoma City	10.7

Workers Who Commute by Walking or Biking
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	New York	6.3
2	Boston	5.5
3	San Francisco	5.5
4	Portland	4.5
5	Seattle	4.0
6	Philadelphia	3.8
7	New Orleans	3.5
8	San Diego	3.5
9	San Jose	3.4
10	Pittsburgh	3.3
11	Washington, D.C.	3.2
12	Chicago	3.2
13	Buffalo	2.9
14	Los Angeles	2.9
United States		2.9
15	Sacramento	2.7
16	Cleveland	2.6
17	Providence	2.6
18	Milwaukee	2.6
19	Virginia Beach	2.5
20	Denver	2.4
21	Richmond	2.4
22	Minneapolis	2.4
23	Salt Lake City	2.2
24	Miami	2.2
25	Austin	2.1
26	Baltimore	2.1
27	Hartford	2.0
28	San Antonio	2.0
29	Cincinnati	1.9
30	St. Louis	1.9
31	Columbus	1.9
32	Phoenix	1.8
33	Oklahoma City	1.8
34	Tampa	1.7
35	Raleigh	1.6
36	Detroit	1.6
37	Indianapolis	1.6
38	Memphis	1.6
39	Riverside	1.6
40	Jacksonville	1.5
41	Orlando	1.5
42	Louisville	1.5
43	Las Vegas	1.5
44	Dallas	1.4
45	Charlotte	1.4
46	Atlanta	1.3
47	Houston	1.3
48	Nashville	1.3
49	Kansas City	1.2
50	Birmingham	1.1

Non-Single Occupancy Vehicle Travel
Percent of workers commuting by all modes except driving alone by car, van, or truck, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	New York	52.9
2	San Francisco	48.4
3	Washington, D.C.	42.4
4	Seattle	41.9
5	Boston	40.7
6	San Jose	38.8
7	Austin	38.2
8	Portland	37.9
9	Denver	35.8
10	Chicago	35.6
11	Philadelphia	34.9
12	Raleigh	34.8
13	Phoenix	34.2
14	Salt Lake City	33.4
15	Los Angeles	33.0
16	Charlotte	32.8
17	San Diego	32.7
18	Sacramento	32.4
19	Minneapolis	32.3
20	Atlanta	32.2
21	Tampa	31.8
22	Orlando	30.9
23	Pittsburgh	30.6
24	Baltimore	30.6
United States		29.8
25	San Antonio	29.6
26	Dallas	29.4
27	Richmond	29.4
28	Jacksonville	29.1
29	Columbus	29.1
30	Nashville	29.0
31	Hartford	28.8
32	Miami	28.8
33	Las Vegas	27.2
34	Cleveland	26.8
35	Milwaukee	26.4
36	Houston	26.3
37	Indianapolis	26.3
38	Cincinnati	26.2
39	Buffalo	26.2
40	Detroit	26.1
41	Kansas City	25.7
42	St. Louis	25.4
43	Providence	24.9
44	Riverside	24.8
45	Louisville	24.7
46	New Orleans	24.6
47	Memphis	22.6
48	Virginia Beach	22.4
49	Birmingham	21.8
50	Oklahoma City	21.5

Education

A quality workforce begins with an excellent education system. This section documents that the region is about average on measures related to the competitiveness of the region’s primary and secondary school system. Regarding the adult population, the region is relatively well educated. See page 60 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

School Resources
School Quality
Learning Environments
Pre-K through High School
College
Field of Study

The St. Louis region is about average among the peer regions regarding the amount of education spending per pupil in primary schools. Nationwide, less than 10 percent of funding for schools is from federal sources. There is a wide range in the amount of funding from state and local sources among the peer regions. St. Louis is just below the national average on state funding per pupil and just above average on local funding per pupil. See Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 2 for further discussion.

Education Spending
Total spending per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	New York	26,857
2	Philadelphia	23,498
3	Buffalo	22,387
4	Hartford	22,071
5	Pittsburgh	20,346
6	Boston	19,888
7	Providence	18,315
8	Chicago	18,041
9	Cleveland	17,791
10	Washington, D.C.	17,183
11	Minneapolis	16,772
12	Baltimore	16,350
13	San Jose	16,182
14	San Francisco	15,659
15	New Orleans	15,514
16	Seattle	15,143
17	Columbus	14,958
18	Detroit	14,758
19	Los Angeles	14,586
United States		14,551
20	Portland	14,466
21	Austin	14,396
22	Cincinnati	14,331
23	San Diego	14,254
24	Milwaukee	14,230
25	Riverside	13,970
26	St. Louis	13,906
27	Sacramento	13,802
28	Houston	12,902
29	Louisville	12,555
30	Kansas City	12,299
31	Dallas	12,297
32	Virginia Beach	12,126
33	Indianapolis	12,052
34	Denver	11,975
35	San Antonio	11,897
36	Atlanta	11,715
37	Nashville	11,329
38	Richmond	11,305
39	Birmingham	11,221
40	Memphis	10,877
41	Raleigh	10,840
42	Charlotte	10,680
43	Orlando	10,664
44	Las Vegas	10,528
45	Miami	10,461
46	Tampa	10,132
47	Jacksonville	9,731
48	Phoenix	8,851
49	Salt Lake City	8,753
50	Oklahoma City	8,649

Change in Education Spending
Percent change in dollars per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Chicago	28.1
2	Portland	23.9
3	Hartford	22.1
4	Pittsburgh	20.9
5	Philadelphia	18.4
6	Seattle	16.9
7	Cleveland	16.7
8	Buffalo	16.2
9	New York	15.4
10	Nashville	14.3
11	San Jose	11.2
12	Minneapolis	10.7
13	Salt Lake City	10.7
14	Houston	10.6
15	Boston	10.4
16	St. Louis	8.8
17	Riverside	8.6
18	Providence	8.5
19	Memphis	7.7
20	Los Angeles	5.7
United States		4.3
21	San Francisco	4.3
22	Austin	2.9
23	Milwaukee	2.6
24	Baltimore	2.4
25	Louisville	2.4
26	Dallas	1.9
27	Cincinnati	1.9
28	Sacramento	1.5
29	Columbus	1.3
30	San Diego	0.6
31	Denver	0.5
32	Washington, D.C.	-0.6
33	Detroit	-2.7
34	Kansas City	-3.3
35	San Antonio	-3.8
36	Charlotte	-4.8
37	Raleigh	-5.6
38	Virginia Beach	-6.2
39	New Orleans	-8.3
40	Atlanta	-9.5
41	Richmond	-10.7
42	Birmingham	-11.5
43	Oklahoma City	-12.0
44	Indianapolis	-12.3
45	Orlando	-15.0
46	Jacksonville	-15.1
47	Las Vegas	-15.1
48	Tampa	-16.2
49	Phoenix	-17.4
50	Miami	-28.2

Education Curriculum Spending
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	New York	23,648
2	Hartford	19,274
3	Buffalo	19,184
4	Philadelphia	18,537
5	Boston	17,302
6	Pittsburgh	16,376
7	Providence	15,871
8	Chicago	15,582
9	Cleveland	14,751
10	Washington, D.C.	14,264
11	Baltimore	14,234
12	Columbus	12,814
13	Minneapolis	12,140
14	San Jose	12,135
15	Milwaukee	11,947
16	St. Louis	11,916
United States		11,910
17	San Francisco	11,883
18	Los Angeles	11,850
19	Seattle	11,657
20	New Orleans	11,589
21	Riverside	11,555
22	Cincinnati	11,441
23	Detroit	11,416
24	Portland	11,392
25	San Diego	11,122
26	Sacramento	10,910
27	Virginia Beach	10,611
28	Louisville	10,470
29	Richmond	10,004
30	Kansas City	9,974
31	Atlanta	9,881
32	Indianapolis	9,688
33	Denver	9,567
34	Birmingham	9,217
35	Nashville	8,976
36	Memphis	8,956
37	Miami	8,864
38	Austin	8,844
39	Houston	8,780
40	San Antonio	8,745
41	Dallas	8,652
42	Las Vegas	8,585
43	Charlotte	8,493
44	Tampa	8,420
45	Orlando	8,376
46	Jacksonville	8,303
47	Raleigh	8,280
48	Phoenix	7,447
49	Oklahoma City	6,933
50	Salt Lake City	6,812

Change in Education Curriculum Spending
Percent change in dollars per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Chicago	36.0
2	Hartford	27.6
3	Philadelphia	24.1
4	Pittsburgh	23.4
5	Seattle	23.3
6	Riverside	22.7
7	Buffalo	20.3
8	New York	18.9
9	Portland	16.0
10	Cleveland	15.3
11	St. Louis	13.9
12	San Jose	12.3
13	San Francisco	11.7
14	Minneapolis	11.7
15	Salt Lake City	11.1
16	Boston	11.0
17	Los Angeles	10.8
18	Nashville	9.6
19	Baltimore	9.2
20	Columbus	9.0
21	Sacramento	8.7
22	Providence	8.2
United States		7.5
23	Memphis	6.8
24	Houston	4.4
25	San Diego	3.7
26	Cincinnati	3.4
27	Louisville	3.2
28	Washington, D.C.	2.1
29	Denver	1.9
30	Dallas	1.7
31	Austin	0.1
32	San Antonio	-0.2
33	Charlotte	-1.2
34	Kansas City	-1.4
35	Milwaukee	-2.0
36	Richmond	-3.0
37	Detroit	-3.3
38	Las Vegas	-3.4
39	Virginia Beach	-4.0
40	Birmingham	-4.7
41	Indianapolis	-4.9
42	Atlanta	-5.0
43	Raleigh	-5.2
44	Phoenix	-5.6
45	Tampa	-6.6
46	Orlando	-6.8
47	Oklahoma City	-9.4
48	Jacksonville	-9.6
49	New Orleans	-11.3
50	Miami	-13.5

State Funding per Pupil
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	Buffalo	13,019
2	Hartford	9,779
3	Minneapolis	9,756
4	New York	9,524
5	Riverside	9,522
6	Los Angeles	8,840
7	Detroit	8,555
8	Seattle	8,546
9	Philadelphia	8,415
10	Sacramento	8,257
11	Providence	8,018
12	Pittsburgh	7,968
13	Indianapolis	7,950
14	Baltimore	7,363
15	Chicago	7,117
16	Portland	7,055
17	Milwaukee	6,823
18	Boston	6,737
United States		6,726
19	San Diego	6,445
20	Las Vegas	6,391
21	Kansas City	6,374
22	San Francisco	6,011
23	Louisville	6,007
24	St. Louis	5,833
25	Birmingham	5,712
26	Cincinnati	5,645
27	Charlotte	5,621
28	Cleveland	5,595
29	Virginia Beach	5,592
30	Raleigh	5,578
31	Richmond	5,347
32	Washington, D.C.	5,166
33	Atlanta	5,087
34	Denver	4,933
35	Memphis	4,864
36	New Orleans	4,850
37	Jacksonville	4,750
38	Tampa	4,702
39	Columbus	4,658
40	Orlando	4,367
41	Nashville	4,357
42	San Jose	4,253
43	Salt Lake City	4,234
44	San Antonio	3,992
45	Oklahoma City	3,888
46	Dallas	3,688
47	Phoenix	3,658
48	Houston	3,323
49	Miami	3,271
50	Austin	2,446

Change in State Funding per Pupil
Percent change in state funding per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Chicago	67.9
2	Indianapolis	36.1
3	Pittsburgh	33.1
4	Hartford	31.6
5	Buffalo	23.2
6	Seattle	21.9
7	Philadelphia	20.5
8	St. Louis	17.8
9	Nashville	17.2
10	Portland	15.5
11	Dallas	15.3
12	Kansas City	14.2
13	Memphis	11.1
14	Sacramento	10.8
15	Riverside	10.6
16	Washington, D.C.	10.2
17	Baltimore	9.8
18	Minneapolis	7.7
19	Las Vegas	7.1
20	Louisville	6.4
21	Cincinnati	5.4
22	Providence	4.3
23	New York	4.3
24	Detroit	4.0
United States		3.9
25	Milwaukee	3.7
26	Denver	1.6
27	Los Angeles	1.5
28	New Orleans	1.0
29	Charlotte	-1.6
30	Atlanta	-2.5
31	Salt Lake City	-2.7
32	Raleigh	-4.3
33	Cleveland	-4.6
34	Houston	-5.6
35	Boston	-5.7
36	San Diego	-6.6
37	Richmond	-8.3
38	Birmingham	-8.5
39	San Francisco	-10.3
40	Virginia Beach	-12.0
41	Austin	-12.4
42	San Jose	-12.5
43	San Antonio	-14.2
44	Columbus	-15.7
45	Oklahoma City	-15.8
46	Jacksonville	-20.7
47	Orlando	-21.8
48	Tampa	-23.0
49	Miami	-24.2
50	Phoenix	-27.5

Local Funding per Pupil
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	New York	15,884
2	Philadelphia	13,357
3	Hartford	12,723
4	Boston	12,605
5	Pittsburgh	11,293
6	Washington, D.C.	10,880
7	San Jose	10,720
8	Cleveland	10,420
9	Chicago	10,328
10	Austin	10,083
11	Columbus	9,489
12	Providence	9,136
13	San Francisco	8,678
14	New Orleans	8,666
15	Buffalo	8,397
16	Baltimore	7,970
17	St. Louis	7,704
18	Cincinnati	7,510
19	Dallas	7,066
20	Houston	6,836
United States		6,656
21	San Diego	6,517
22	Milwaukee	6,515
23	Denver	6,216
24	San Antonio	6,024
25	Miami	6,016
26	Atlanta	6,002
27	Portland	5,751
28	Kansas City	5,750
29	Seattle	5,489
30	Louisville	5,439
31	Richmond	5,380
32	Orlando	5,368
33	Detroit	5,338
34	Virginia Beach	5,287
35	Nashville	5,215
36	Minneapolis	5,103
37	Los Angeles	4,874
38	Birmingham	4,593
39	Sacramento	4,541
40	Phoenix	4,509
41	Indianapolis	4,330
42	Oklahoma City	4,136
43	Memphis	4,107
44	Tampa	4,015
45	Jacksonville	3,938
46	Salt Lake City	3,704
47	Charlotte	3,535
48	Riverside	3,448
49	Las Vegas	2,936
50	Raleigh	2,666

Change in Local Funding per Pupil
Percent change in local funding per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Los Angeles	42.4
2	San Jose	31.7
3	San Francisco	31.2
4	New York	27.4
5	Portland	24.6
6	Boston	22.2
7	Hartford	21.9
8	Buffalo	21.7
9	Philadelphia	20.4
10	Seattle	18.4
11	Providence	15.2
12	San Diego	15.2
13	Cleveland	14.3
14	Chicago	14.0
15	St. Louis	12.3
16	Columbus	10.5
17	Pittsburgh	10.5
18	Salt Lake City	10.4
19	San Antonio	8.7
20	Austin	8.1
21	Minneapolis	7.5
22	Nashville	7.4
United States		6.8
23	Riverside	5.5
24	Denver	5.0
25	Houston	4.5
26	Louisville	3.7
27	Cincinnati	0.8
28	Milwaukee	-0.9
29	Sacramento	-1.1
30	New Orleans	-1.4
31	Virginia Beach	-1.7
32	Baltimore	-2.5
33	Memphis	-3.7
34	Washington, D.C.	-3.8
35	Phoenix	-4.1
36	Oklahoma City	-4.9
37	Dallas	-5.8
38	Detroit	-6.1
39	Richmond	-7.9
40	Kansas City	-9.1
41	Birmingham	-9.3
42	Orlando	-11.3
43	Atlanta	-16.1
44	Indianapolis	-17.9
45	Miami	-18.3
46	Jacksonville	-21.6
47	Charlotte	-23.9
48	Tampa	-26.0
49	Las Vegas	-32.1
50	Raleigh	-57.8

Assessing and comparing the quality of schools is challenging due to the many factors that can affect student success, as well as the multitude of ways states assess the quality of their schools. This section provides rankings for metrics that are associated with the quality of school instruction. St. Louis ranks competitively on these measures collectively, but the learning experiences of schools vary considerably within the region. See Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 3 for further discussion.

Pupil-Teacher Ratio
2018-2019
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1	San Diego	24.4
2	Phoenix	24.0
3	Los Angeles	23.8
4	Riverside	23.7
5	San Jose	22.9
6	Sacramento	22.9
7	Salt Lake City	22.8
8	Las Vegas	22.5
9	San Francisco	22.5
10	Portland	19.4
11	Seattle	18.8
12	Columbus	18.7
13	New Orleans	18.6
14	Miami	18.4
15	Indianapolis	18.2
16	Detroit	18.1
17	Denver	17.8
18	Oklahoma City	17.8
19	Jacksonville	17.7
20	Cincinnati	17.7
21	Cleveland	17.4
22	Birmingham	17.3
23	Orlando	17.0
24	Tampa	16.7
25	Louisville	16.7
26	Memphis	16.7
27	Minneapolis	16.4
28	Milwaukee	16.3
29	Charlotte	16.3
30	Houston	16.0
United States		16.0
31	Raleigh	16.0
32	San Antonio	15.9
33	Richmond	15.8
34	Nashville	15.7
35	Atlanta	15.5
36	Chicago	15.4
37	Dallas	15.2
38	Baltimore	15.2
39	Virginia Beach	15.1
40	Austin	15.0
41	St. Louis	14.7
42	Kansas City	14.6
43	Washington, D.C.	14.6
44	Pittsburgh	14.1
45	Philadelphia	14.0
46	Providence	13.5
47	Buffalo	13.1
48	New York	12.9
49	Boston	12.8
50	Hartford	12.8

New Teachers
Teachers in their first or second year of teaching as a percent of all teachers, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Memphis	51.7
2	Indianapolis	21.4
3	Orlando	20.9
4	San Antonio	20.1
5	Denver	19.0
6	Phoenix	18.8
7	Jacksonville	18.6
8	Dallas	16.2
9	Oklahoma City	15.6
10	Washington, D.C.	15.6
11	New Orleans	15.5
12	Houston	15.4
13	Salt Lake City	15.3
14	Baltimore	15.0
15	Nashville	14.5
16	Columbus	14.3
17	San Francisco	14.0
18	Milwaukee	13.7
19	Minneapolis	13.6
20	Tampa	13.5
21	Kansas City	13.1
Peer Average		13.1
22	Chicago	13.0
23	Austin	12.8
24	San Jose	12.4
25	Boston	12.3
26	Virginia Beach	12.2
27	Richmond	12.2
28	Cincinnati	12.2
29	Cleveland	12.0
30	Philadelphia	11.8
31	Las Vegas	11.3
32	New York	11.3
33	Riverside	11.3
34	St. Louis	11.0
35	San Diego	10.9
36	Atlanta	10.9
37	Louisville	10.8
38	Seattle	10.7
39	Hartford	10.7
40	Buffalo	10.0
41	Birmingham	9.9
42	Sacramento	9.6
43	Portland	9.4
44	Los Angeles	9.1
45	Detroit	9.0
46	Providence	9.0
47	Pittsburgh	7.4
48	Charlotte	7.1
49	Miami	6.3
50	Raleigh	6.2

Relative Wages for Elementary, Middle, and High School Teachers
Ratio of average teacher wage to the average wage of all occupations, 2019
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1	Riverside	1.74
2	Virginia Beach	1.44
3	Los Angeles	1.43
4	Buffalo	1.41
5	Pittsburgh	1.37
6	Cleveland	1.35
7	Providence	1.35
8	Detroit	1.32
9	Sacramento	1.32
10	Portland	1.30
11	New York	1.29
12	Jacksonville	1.29
13	San Diego	1.27
14	Columbus	1.26
15	Tampa	1.25
16	Philadelphia	1.25
17	Chicago	1.24
18	Las Vegas	1.24
19	Cincinnati	1.24
20	Memphis	1.23
21	Hartford	1.22
Peer Average		1.21
22	San Antonio	1.20
23	Baltimore	1.20
24	Orlando	1.19
25	Boston	1.18
26	Salt Lake City	1.16
27	Louisville	1.16
28	Milwaukee	1.16
29	San Francisco	1.14
30	Minneapolis	1.13
31	Washington, D.C.	1.12
32	Atlanta	1.11
33	St. Louis	1.11
34	Richmond	1.11
35	Indianapolis	1.10
36	New Orleans	1.10
37	Houston	1.09
38	Dallas	1.09
39	Birmingham	1.09
40	Miami	1.09
41	Kansas City	1.09
42	Nashville	1.08
43	Austin	1.06
44	Seattle	1.04
45	San Jose	1.03
46	Oklahoma City	0.98
47	Charlotte	0.97
48	Raleigh	0.96
49	Denver	0.96
50	Phoenix	0.93

Absent Teachers
Teachers who were absent more than 10 school days during the school year as a percent of all teachers, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Las Vegas	58.6
2	Baltimore	38.5
3	Providence	38.0
4	Virginia Beach	37.3
5	Columbus	36.8
6	Cleveland	35.5
7	Buffalo	35.2
8	Louisville	35.1
9	Hartford	34.1
10	Pittsburgh	34.1
11	Richmond	33.8
12	Raleigh	33.7
13	Birmingham	33.6
14	Seattle	33.2
15	Charlotte	31.6
16	Minneapolis	31.6
17	Oklahoma City	31.3
18	Riverside	30.5
19	Philadelphia	29.4
20	Cincinnati	29.3
21	Portland	29.3
22	Memphis	29.2
23	Atlanta	29.1
24	Kansas City	29.0
25	Houston	28.5
26	Nashville	28.5
27	Miami	27.8
28	Washington, D.C.	27.7
Peer Average		27.4
29	Chicago	27.1
30	New Orleans	26.8
31	Denver	25.7
32	San Diego	25.2
33	New York	25.2
34	San Jose	25.0
35	St. Louis	25.0
36	Boston	24.5
37	Dallas	24.2
38	San Francisco	24.1
39	Indianapolis	24.0
40	Detroit	23.6
41	Tampa	23.5
42	Phoenix	23.5
43	Jacksonville	23.1
44	San Antonio	21.9
45	Milwaukee	21.1
46	Austin	20.4
47	Los Angeles	19.7
48	Salt Lake City	19.5
49	Sacramento	17.5
50	Orlando	11.1

School districts in the St. Louis region are highly segregated, and as a result learning experiences vary considerably by race. The region has a high rate of out of school suspension, and low rate of students enrolled in Advanced Placement courses. The region has fewer students who are chronically absent than most of the peer regions, but there is a wide disparity between races on this metric as well. For a further discussion of learning environments in the St. Louis region, see Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 3.

Segregation of School Districts
Black-white student segregation, based on the dissimilarity index, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Cleveland	78.8
2	Milwaukee	77.9
3	Chicago	73.2
4	Buffalo	72.4
5	Detroit	71.2
6	St. Louis	70.6
7	Cincinnati	70.4
8	Indianapolis	69.8
9	Pittsburgh	69.4
10	Boston	68.0
11	New York	67.3
12	Philadelphia	65.1
13	Memphis	61.5
14	Hartford	61.3
15	Columbus	61.2
16	San Francisco	60.9
17	Denver	60.5
18	Birmingham	59.7
Peer Average		59.5
19	Kansas City	58.5
20	Los Angeles	58.3
21	Providence	55.9
22	Oklahoma City	55.6
23	Minneapolis	55.3
24	Nashville	54.4
25	Washington, D.C.	54.3
26	Dallas	52.8
27	Sacramento	51.6
28	New Orleans	50.7
29	Louisville	50.7
30	Houston	49.8
31	Seattle	46.7
32	Baltimore	44.7
33	Jacksonville	43.4
34	Portland	43.0
35	Atlanta	42.9
36	Phoenix	42.6
37	San Diego	42.1
38	Riverside	40.5
39	Virginia Beach	40.0
40	Charlotte	39.4
41	San Antonio	38.0
42	Austin	37.7
43	Richmond	37.2
44	San Jose	35.3
45	Salt Lake City	30.5
46	Orlando	27.7
47	Tampa	25.4
48	Miami	19.8
49	Raleigh	12.1
50	Las Vegas	0.0

Days of School Missed due to Out-of-School Suspension
Days missed per student, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Memphis	0.80
2	Virginia Beach	0.61
3	Buffalo	0.59
4	Richmond	0.57
5	St. Louis	0.50
6	Cleveland	0.50
7	Oklahoma City	0.43
8	Columbus	0.39
9	Charlotte	0.39
10	Raleigh	0.39
11	Detroit	0.38
12	New Orleans	0.38
13	Kansas City	0.36
14	Atlanta	0.35
15	Louisville	0.35
16	Las Vegas	0.32
17	Orlando	0.30
18	Birmingham	0.28
19	Milwaukee	0.28
20	Indianapolis	0.25
21	Philadelphia	0.25
22	Phoenix	0.25
23	Cincinnati	0.25
24	Nashville	0.23
25	Seattle	0.23
26	Jacksonville	0.22
Peer Average		0.22
27	Tampa	0.21
28	Pittsburgh	0.21
29	Baltimore	0.20
30	Washington, D.C.	0.20
31	Hartford	0.18
32	Sacramento	0.18
33	Houston	0.17
34	New York	0.17
35	Dallas	0.17
36	Providence	0.16
37	Riverside	0.16
38	San Antonio	0.16
39	Denver	0.14
40	Chicago	0.14
41	Minneapolis	0.14
42	Portland	0.13
43	San Diego	0.13
44	Austin	0.12
45	Boston	0.11
46	San Francisco	0.10
47	Miami	0.07
48	San Jose	0.07
49	Salt Lake City	0.07
50	Los Angeles	0.06

Chronic Absenteeism
Students who have missed 15 days of school or more as a percent of all students, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Washington, D.C.	25.6
2	Seattle	24.9
3	Portland	24.0
4	Buffalo	22.7
5	Milwaukee	21.5
6	Las Vegas	21.1
7	Louisville	20.9
8	Baltimore	20.9
9	Denver	20.6
10	Cleveland	20.6
11	Detroit	20.4
12	Jacksonville	19.8
13	Tampa	19.8
14	Orlando	19.8
15	Columbus	19.2
16	New York	18.9
17	Providence	18.7
18	Philadelphia	17.8
19	Pittsburgh	17.1
20	Phoenix	16.8
21	Chicago	16.4
22	New Orleans	16.4
23	Cincinnati	15.9
Peer Average		15.8
24	Miami	15.2
25	Salt Lake City	15.0
26	Virginia Beach	14.9
27	Birmingham	14.1
28	Sacramento	14.1
29	Nashville	14.1
30	St. Louis	13.7
31	Minneapolis	13.4
32	Riverside	13.1
33	Boston	13.0
34	Austin	12.9
35	Atlanta	12.7
36	Hartford	12.6
37	San Antonio	12.6
38	Kansas City	12.3
39	Oklahoma City	12.1
40	Indianapolis	11.9
41	Raleigh	11.8
42	Charlotte	11.8
43	San Francisco	11.7
44	Los Angeles	11.5
45	Dallas	11.4
46	San Diego	11.3
47	Houston	10.9
48	San Jose	10.2
49	Memphis	9.6
50	Richmond	9.6

Advanced Placement Enrollment
Percent of high-school students enrolled in advanced placement courses, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Orlando	31.4
2	San Jose	29.6
3	Washington, D.C.	28.3
4	San Diego	27.0
5	Austin	26.8
6	Baltimore	25.7
7	Atlanta	25.5
8	Dallas	25.5
9	Tampa	25.5
10	San Francisco	25.0
11	Houston	24.7
12	Milwaukee	24.5
13	Virginia Beach	23.7
14	Los Angeles	23.6
15	Louisville	23.6
16	Chicago	23.2
17	Miami	22.9
18	Jacksonville	22.5
19	San Antonio	22.0
20	Raleigh	21.7
21	Seattle	21.1
22	Richmond	20.5
Peer Average		20.4
23	Minneapolis	19.8
24	Sacramento	19.7
25	Riverside	19.2
26	Denver	19.1
27	Portland	18.3
28	Oklahoma City	18.3
29	Las Vegas	17.4
30	Boston	17.3
31	Indianapolis	17.1
32	Charlotte	17.0
33	Birmingham	16.9
34	Nashville	16.8
35	Cincinnati	16.5
36	Detroit	16.4
37	Buffalo	16.1
38	Kansas City	16.1
39	Hartford	16.0
40	St. Louis	16.0
41	New York	15.8
42	Pittsburgh	15.4
43	Philadelphia	14.9
44	Salt Lake City	14.2
45	Phoenix	13.7
46	New Orleans	13.5
47	Providence	13.2
48	Columbus	12.9
49	Cleveland	11.6
50	Memphis	7.8

Relative to the peer regions, St. Louis has an above average proportion of children enrolled in preschool, a small (and shrinking) adult population that does not have a high school diploma, and is about average on adults with a high school diploma or equivalent as the highest level of education.

Children Enrolled in Preschool
Percent of 3- and 4-year olds, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B14003)
1	New York	67.9
2	Hartford	64.2
3	Boston	60.4
4	Miami	59.9
5	San Francisco	59.7
6	San Jose	58.6
7	New Orleans	57.3
8	Portland	54.8
9	Providence	54.5
10	Birmingham	53.5
11	Denver	53.4
12	Philadelphia	53.3
13	Austin	53.0
14	St. Louis	52.8
15	Chicago	52.4
16	Atlanta	52.0
17	Orlando	51.3
18	Baltimore	51.1
19	Los Angeles	51.1
20	Cleveland	51.0
21	San Diego	50.8
22	Cincinnati	49.8
23	Washington, D.C.	49.8
24	Salt Lake City	49.0
25	Indianapolis	48.6
26	Tampa	48.4
27	Milwaukee	47.9
28	Raleigh	47.3
29	Buffalo	47.0
30	Detroit	47.0
31	Seattle	46.9
United States		46.7
32	Richmond	46.5
33	Memphis	45.6
34	Sacramento	45.6
35	Houston	45.6
36	Minneapolis	45.3
37	Jacksonville	44.9
38	Pittsburgh	44.6
39	Dallas	44.6
40	Charlotte	44.0
41	Virginia Beach	43.5
42	Nashville	42.7
43	Kansas City	41.6
44	San Antonio	41.2
45	Columbus	41.1
46	Louisville	37.5
47	Oklahoma City	37.3
48	Riverside	34.2
49	Phoenix	33.5
50	Las Vegas	32.9

No High School Diploma or Equivalent
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Los Angeles	18.0
2	Riverside	17.5
3	Houston	14.9
4	Las Vegas	13.2
5	Miami	13.0
6	New York	12.5
7	Dallas	12.2
8	San Antonio	11.6
9	San Jose	11.2
10	New Orleans	10.9
11	Providence	10.8
12	Phoenix	10.6
13	San Francisco	10.6
United States		10.4
14	San Diego	10.3
15	Chicago	10.3
16	Oklahoma City	10.0
17	Memphis	9.6
18	Birmingham	9.6
19	Sacramento	9.4
20	Orlando	9.4
21	Indianapolis	9.2
22	Salt Lake City	8.9
23	Detroit	8.8
24	Tampa	8.7
25	Atlanta	8.5
26	Charlotte	8.5
27	Louisville	8.2
28	Cleveland	8.1
29	Austin	7.9
30	Columbus	7.9
31	Washington, D.C.	7.9
32	Boston	7.8
33	Baltimore	7.7
34	Philadelphia	7.7
35	Denver	7.6
36	Hartford	7.6
37	Nashville	7.6
38	Virginia Beach	7.6
39	Cincinnati	7.5
40	Jacksonville	7.5
41	Buffalo	7.4
42	Portland	7.3
43	Richmond	7.1
44	Seattle	6.9
45	Milwaukee	6.8
46	St. Louis	6.7
47	Kansas City	6.6
48	Raleigh	6.6
49	Minneapolis	5.8
50	Pittsburgh	4.8

Change in No High School Diploma or Equivalent
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Minneapolis	-0.9
2	Portland	-1.3
3	Seattle	-1.3
4	Boston	-1.5
5	Columbus	-1.5
6	San Francisco	-1.5
7	Indianapolis	-1.9
8	Salt Lake City	-1.9
9	Washington, D.C.	-2.0
10	Kansas City	-2.1
11	Buffalo	-2.1
12	Oklahoma City